Chii chinonzi mota furemu uye ndedzipi mhando dziripo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemotokari ndeye rutsigiro system. Ndiye iye anoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira imwechete izere kubva kune zvese zvikamu zvemuchina. Pakutanga, dzese mota dzaive neyakavakirwa furemu. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, yakasimudzwa nedzimwe mhando, kusanganisira monocoque muviri, unoshandiswa mune dzese mota dzevanofamba. Zvakangodaro, iyo furemu inotakura chikamu ichiri kushandiswa - pamaSUV nemarori.

Chii chinonzi mota furemu: chinangwa, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Chimiro chemotokari chimiro chedanda chinoita sehwaro hwekumisikidza zvese zvinhu uye magungano, senge chirimwa chemagetsi, zvinhu zvekufambisa, chassis, zvichingodaro. Mutumbi une dhizaini iyi yekutsigira system inopa nzvimbo yevatakuri nemikwende, uye zvakare inoita basa rekushongedza.

Iko kushandiswa kweiyo furemu kunoita kuti zvikwanise kupa chinotakura chikamu chakakwirira simba. Naizvozvo, inoshandiswa mumarori uye maSUV. Izvo zvinoitawo kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwemayuniti nemaitiro pakati pemamodeli emakirasi akasiyana.

Pakutanga, vagadziri vemotokari vaigadzira mota chassis ine zvikamu zvekutanga (furemu, injini, kutapurirana, nezvimwewo), uko kwakasiyana "mitumbi".

Chimiro mumotokari chinoshanda se "marangwanda". Iye anoona mitoro yese yekunze neyemukati kana mota ichifamba uye kunyangwe painomiswa. Mukuona kweizvi, zvinoverengeka zvezvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamotokari furemu:

• simba rakakwana uye kuomarara;
• uremu hushoma;
• chimiro chakaringana, icho chinobatsira mukushanda zvine musoro kwezvinhu zvese zvemota.

Iyo furemu inotakura chikamu ine akati wandei ezvakanakira. Saka, nekuda kwake, zvinova nyore kuunganidza mota nekuigadzira mune ramangwana. Musiyano mukuru pakati pechimiro chefuremu uye chimiro chemuviri ndechekuti chero kuputsika kunogona kubviswa zviri nyore nekutenda kune nyanzvi nyanzvi uye zvigadzirwa Rimwe basa rakakosha: kutyaira mumigwagwa yakaipa hakuzove kwakazara nekukanganisa kwemuviri (kuvhurika kwemusuwo, mbiru, nezvimwewo).

Pamwe chete neizvi, pane zvakare zvinokuvadza. Chekutanga kuwedzera kwakakosha kwehuremu hwemotokari nekuda kwekuvapo kweimwe furemu nemuviri. Saizvozvo, mafuta ekushandisa anove akakwirawo. Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti inowedzera nzvimbo inodiwa kuisa nhengo dzemativi pasi pemuviri, izvo zvinonetsa kupinda mumotokari uye inotora chikamu chakakosha chevapfuuri.

Kuderera kwekuchengeteka kwekungoita kwakacherechedzwawo, sezvo paine mukana wekubvisa furemu inoenderana nemuviri kana zvikaitika. Naizvozvo, iro rinotakura mutoro chikamu chakakosha chemotokari inofamba. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chemafuremu chinogarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara anotyaira marori nemaSUV.

Mhando dzemafuremu

Mafuremu akapatsanurwa kuita akati wandei mhando, akasiyana akasiyana dhizaini

• nhengo dzemativi;
• musana;
• nzvimbo.

Dzimwe mhando dzine subspecies. Mhando dzakasanganiswa dzinozivikanwawo, kubatanidza zvikamu zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemapuranga mune dhizaini.

Spar furemu

Iyi ndiyo mhando yakajairika. Iyo furemu dhizaini inosanganisira maviri emagetsi ekureba matanda, ayo anonzi spars. Vanotatamuka pamwe nemuviri uye vakabatana nenzira yemuchinjikwa nhengo. Matanda acho akagadzirwa nesimbi. Kuti uwedzere kumonyanisa mashandiro, akasiyana mhando dzezvikamu profiles dzinogona kushandiswa.

Iwo ma spars haana kunyatsotwasanuka - dzimwe nguva ane iwo akamira uye akatwasuka akakotama. Zvinogona kuwanikwa zviri zviviri zvakafanana neiyo yakatwasuka ndege uye pane imwe kona, inoenderana nemaSUV. Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kuve neakasiyana marongero enhengo dzemuchinjikwa, nekuda kweiyo nhengo dzemativi dzakabatana. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa kuvaka furemu inoshandiswa mumarori mazhinji nemaSUV.

Chimiro ichi chakanakira kutyaira mumigwagwa isina kunaka. Izvo zvakare zvakarerutsa kugadzira mota uye kuungana. Izvo zvinokanganisa ndezvekuti ma spars anotora chikamu chakati checabin uye anomanikidza kumhara nzira yakati.

Spar X-yakaumbwa

Iyo X-yakaumbwa furemu ndeimwe yemhando dzespar. Iyo peculiarity yekugadzirwa kwayo ndeyekuti spars kumberi nekumashure dzakarambana, uye pakati ivo vanoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Rudzi urwu runotaridza kunge beech "X", inova chikonzero chezita rayo.

Peripheral

Icho mhando yemafarari eparutivi. Rudzi urwu rwakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari huru dzeEuropean dzakagadzirwa uye "dreadnoughts" kubva kuUnited States muma60s. Mumafuremu akadaro, ma spars akawanikwa akapamhama zvekuti panguva yekugadzwa kwemuviri ivo vari pazvikumbaridzo. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo yepasi nhanho kudzikiswa zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete ichidzikisa kukwirira nekukasira kwemuchina.

Chinhu chakanakira mukana wemuchina wakadai ndiko kugadzikana kwazvo kune zvinokanganisa padivi. Nekudaro, pane chakakomba chakakomba - furemu haigone kumira nemitoro yakakosha, saka muviri wemota unofanirwa kuve nesimba rakakosha uye kuomarara.

Spine furemu

Iyi mhando yemafuremu yakagadziriswa nevamiriri vekambani yeTatra uye yainyanyo shandiswa kumachina ekugadzira kwayo. Chinotakura chikuru ipombi inobatanidza injini kumberi kune zvinhu zvekutepfenyura zviri mukati mayo. Muchokwadi, iyo pombi inoshanda seye imwechete crankcase yeiyo gearbox, yekuchinjisa kesi uye dhiraivha shafts. Iyo torque kubva kuinjini kuenda kuhutachiona inopihwa nemubato wakaiswa muthubhu. Uyezve, uyu mugodhi hausi kadanidhi shaft, iyo inosimbisa kuvimbika kwakanyanya.

Iyi furemu dhizaini, pamwe chete neyakagadzika vhiri kuturika, inopa kufamba kwakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha mune dzakakosha mota.

Kubatsira kweiyo furemu yemusana ndeyekuti ine yakasimba kwazvo torsional kuomarara, uye zvinhu zvekutapurirana zvinodzivirirwa zvakavimbika kubva kune zvinofurira zvekunze. Asi nekuda kwekuti mamwe maitiro ari mukati meyakavakirwa furemu, basa rekugadzirisa rinova rakaomarara zvakanyanya.

Vilchato-ridge

Forogo-ridge mhando yemafuremu zvakare kukura kwe "Tatra". Mune iyi vhezheni, injini haina kusungirirwa pombi yekutapurirana, asi pane yakakosha yedivi-nhengo forogo. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuitira kudzikisa mwero wekutapurirana kwekudengenyeka kubva kune anoshanda emukati enjini yemoto kune furemu uye, nekudaro, kumutumbi wemota. Nekudaro, nhasi maforogo-musana mafuremu haachisiri kushandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari.

Spatial furemu

Rudzi rwakaomesesa rwekuvaka furemu rinoshandiswa mumitambo yemitambo. Ichi chimiro furemu yakavakirwa pane yakatetepa alloy mapaipi uye ine yakasimba kwazvo kuomarara uye simba. Mune indasitiri yemotokari, mafuremu aya akatsiviwa ne monocoque, zvisinei, magadzirirwo akafanana anoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhazi.

Kubereka chigadziko

Iyo yekutsigira base chinhu pakati pemuviri uye furemu chimiro. Spars anoshandiswawo pano, asi akabatanidzwa nepazasi, uye kwete nenhengo dzemuchinjikwa. Muridzi akakurisa uye akakurumbira wepasi pekutakura iVolkswagen Beetle, mukati mayo muviri wakasungirirwa padenga repasi nepakati nemabhaudhi. Imwe mota yekugadzira yakawanda, Renault 4CV, ine dhizaini yakafanana.

Iko kutakura-kutakura pasi kunozivikanwa neakakwira kugadzirwa uye kunoshandiswa mukukura kukuru. Dhizaini iyi inobvumira pasi nepakati pekudzikisira kwemotokari kuti igare yakadzika zvakakwana.

Chimiro chinotakura chikamu chemotokari chine zvakwakanakira zvinoverengeka uye maficha anoita kuti ive yakakosha kumarori nemaSUV. Uye kunyangwe furemu ichishandiswa chete kune mamwe marudzi emota, zvimwe zvinhu zvechimiro zvacho zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichibvumidza mitumbi inotsigira kuitiswa yakaoma. Anenge chero mota yemutyairi ine zvigadziriso zvekusimbisa kana maforamu.