Chii chinonzi particulate sefa uye nei uchifanira kuzviziva

Motokari dzinobatsira zvikuru mukusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya nezvemhepo yatinofema mumaguta makuru. Kuwedzera kwematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza kunotimanikidza kutora matanho anowedzera kuomesera kuchenesa magasi emagetsi emagetsi.

Saka, kubva muna 2011, mumotokari dzinoshandisa mafuta edhiziri, kuvapo kwechidimbu chesefa kunosungirwa (unogona kuwana kazhinji chidimbu cheChirungu DPF - diesel particulate filter). Iyi sefa inodhura zvakanyanya uye inogona kukonzera matambudziko mune dzimwe nguva, saka zvinobatsira kuve neruzivo nezvazvo.

Chinangwa chechidimbu chesefa

Kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya kukwirisa mukati memoto injini haipe zana kubva muzana kupisa kwemafuta. Somugumisiro, tinofanira kutarisana nemagasi emhepo, ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza kuvanhu uye zvakatipoteredza.

Mumotokari dzine injini yepeturu, inoshandura inoshandura ine basa rekuchenesa kupera. Basa rayo nderekumisa kabhoni monoxide (kabhoni monoxide), inoputika mahydrocarbons ayo anobatsira pakuumbwa kwehutsi, muchetura nitrogen makomisheni uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekupisa kwemafuta.

Platinum, palladium uye rhodium inowanzoita seyakananga catalysts. Somugumisiro, pakubuda kwe neutralizer, zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinoshanduka kuva zvisingakuvadzi - oksijeni, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. Iyo catalytic converter inoshanda zvinobudirira pakupisa kwe400-800 °C. Kupisa kwakadaro kunopiwa kana ichiiswa zvakananga kuseri kwekubuda kwemhepo yakawanda kana pamberi pemuffler.

Iyo dizeli ine hunhu hwayo hwekushanda, ine yakaderera tembiricha hutongi uye yakasiyana musimboti wekupisa mafuta. Saizvozvowo, kuumbwa kwemagasi emhepo kunosiyanawo. Chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvekupisa kusina kukwana kwemafuta edhiziri is soot, iyo ine carcinogenic properties.

Iyo catalytic converter haigone kuzvibata. Zvimedu zvidiki zvesoot zviri mumhepo hazvina kusefa nehurongwa hwekufema hwemunhu. Kana dzafemerwa, dzinopinda mumapapu nyore nyore dzogara imomo. Kudzivirira soot kupinda mumhepo mumotokari dzedhiziri, dizeli particulate filter (SF) inoiswa.

Iyo dhiziri injini catalyst (DOC - dizeli oxidation catalyst) ine hunhu hwayo uye inoiswa pamberi peiyo particulate sefa kana yakabatanidzwa mairi.

Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda kwe "soot"

Kazhinji, sefa ndeye ceramic block inoiswa mustainless simbi imba ine sikweya kuburikidza nemachaneli. Zviteshi zvakavhurika kune rimwe divi uye zvine plug yakadzikama kune rimwe.Exhaust magasi anopfuura asingadzivirirwe nemadziro ane porous enzira, uye soot zvimedu zvinogara mumapofu uye hazvipindi mumhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yechinhu chinokonzeresa chinogona kuiswa kumadziro esimbi eimba, iyo inosanganisa uye inobvisa kabhoni monoxide uye inoputika hydrocarbon makomisheni ari mumhepo.

Mazhinji mafirita anewo ma sensors ekushisa, kumanikidza uye yakasara okisijeni (lambda probe).

Kuchenesa motokari

Iyo soot yakaiswa pamadziro esefa zvishoma nezvishoma inoivhara uye inogadzira chipingamupinyi pakubuda kwemagasi emhepo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune kuwedzera kudzvinyirira mune exhaust manifold uye simba reinjini yekupisa inodonha. Pakupedzisira, injini inopisa mukati inogona kungomira. Naizvozvo, nyaya yakakosha ndeyekuvimbisa kucheneswa kweSF.

Passive kuchenesa kunoitwa neoxidizing soot nemagasi anopisa anopisa pakupisa kwe500 ° C. Izvi zvinoitika otomatiki mota ichifamba.

Nekudaro, mamiriro emudhorobha anoratidzwa nekufamba daro pfupi uye kujairika kwemigwagwa. Mune iyi modhi, gasi rekupedza simba harisi nguva dzose rinosvika tembiricha yakakwira uye soot inoungana. Kuwedzerwa kweanokosha anti-particulate additives kune mafuta kunogona kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Vanobatsira pakupisa soot pakudziya kwakaderera - anenge 300 ° C. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvinowedzera zvinogona kuderedza kuumbwa kwekabhoni deposits muimba yekupisa yemagetsi emagetsi.

Mimwe michina ine basa rekumanikidzira rekuvandudza iro rinokonzereswa kana iyo yekusiyanisa sensor inoona yakawandisa kudzvanywa musiyano pamberi uye mushure mesefa. Chimwe chikamu chemafuta chinoiswa jekiseni, icho chinopiswa mune inoshandura inoshandura, ichidziya iyo SF kune tembiricha inosvika 600 ° C. Kana soot ichipisa uye kudzvanywa kwekupinda nekubuda kwesefa kwakaenzana, maitiro anomira.

Vamwe vanogadzira, semuenzaniso, Peugeot, Citroen, Ford, Toyota, vanoshandisa imwe yekuwedzera, iyo ine cerium, kudziya soot. Iyo yekuwedzera inowanikwa mumudziyo wakasiyana uye inopindirwa jekiseni mumasilinda. Kutenda kwazviri, iyo SF inopisa kusvika 700-900 ° C, uye soti pane iyi tembiricha inopisa zvachose museti yemaminetsi. Maitiro acho akazara otomatiki uye anoitika pasina mutyairi kupindira.

Sei kuberekwa patsva kunogona kukundikana uye maitiro ekuita bhuku rekuchenesa

Zvinoitika kuti kuchenesa otomatiki hakushande. Zvikonzero zvinogona kuva zvinotevera:

• panguva dzenzendo pfupi, magasi ekupedza haana nguva yekupisa kusvika kune inodiwa tembiricha;
• nzira yekuvandudza yakakanganiswa (somuenzaniso, nekuvhara injini inopisa mukati);
• kusashanda kweimwe ye sensors, kusabatana kwakashata kana waya dzakaputsika;
• pane mafuta mashoma mutangi kana sensor level yemafuta inopa kuverenga kwakaderera, mune iyi kesi kuvandudzwa hakuzotanga;
• Kutadza kana kuvharika exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve.

Kana soot yakawandisa yakaungana, unogona kuibvisa nemaoko nekugeza.

Kuti uite izvi, iyo particulate sefa inofanira kubviswa, imwe yemapombi inofanira kuvharwa, uye yakakosha yekuyerera mvura inofanira kudururwa mune imwe. Siya wakatwasuka uye zunza dzimwe nguva. Mushure memaawa angangoita gumi nemaviri, dhonza mvura uye sukurudza sefa nemvura inoyerera. Kana pane gomba rekuona kana kusimudza, kubvisa uye kuchenesa kunogona kuitwa zvakasununguka. Asi zviri nani kuenda kuchiteshi chebasa, apo panguva imwe chete ivo vachatarisa uye vachitsiva zvinhu zvisina kukwana.

Vashandi vebasa vanogonawo kupisa soot yakaunganidzwa vachishandisa michina yakakosha. Kupisa SF, heater yemagetsi kana microwave inoshandiswa, pamwe chete nealgorithm yakakosha yehuni.

Zvikonzero zvekuwedzera kuumbwa kwe soot

Chikonzero chikuru chekuwedzera kuumbwa kwesoti mukupedza ndiyo mafuta akaipa. Mafuta edhiziri akaderera anogona kunge aine huwandu hwakakosha hwesarufa, izvo zvisingangoiti kuti pave nekuumbwa kweasidhi uye corrosion, asiwo inodzivirira kupisa kwakakwana kwemafuta. Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukaona kuti iyo particulate sefa inosviba nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakajairika, uye kumanikidzwa kuvandudzwa kunotanga kazhinji, saka ichi ndicho chikonzero chakakomba chekutsvaga imwe chiteshi chegesi.

Kugadziriswa kwakashata kwedhiziri unit kunobatsirawo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesoti. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunge yakaderedzwa okisijeni mumhepo-mafuta musanganiswa, unoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekamuri yekupisa. Izvi zvinotungamirira mukupisa kusina kukwana uye kuumbwa kwesoti.

Hupenyu hwesevhisi uye kutsiva kweiyo particulate sefa

Kufanana nechimwe chikamu chemotokari, SF zvishoma nezvishoma inopera. Iyo sefa matrix inotanga kuparara uye inorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwayo kunyatso gadzira patsva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, izvi zvinoonekwa mushure memakiromita anenge 200 zviuru.

MuUkraine, mamiriro ekushanda haagoni kuonekwa seakajairika, uye kunaka kwemafuta edhiziri hakusi nguva dzose pachiyero chakakodzera, saka zvinokwanisika kuverenga pa 100-120 zviuru. Ukuwo, zvinoitika kuti kunyange pashure 500 zviuru makiromita, particulate sefa ichiri kushanda.

Apo SF, pasinei nekuedza kwose kwekuchenesa uye kuberekwa patsva, inotanga kuderera zvakajeka, iwe uchaona kuderera kukuru kwesimba rejini inopisa mukati, kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemafuta uye kuwedzera kweutsi hunopisa. Iyo ICE mafuta level inogona kusimuka uye ruzha rusingaite runogona kuoneka panguva yekushanda kweICE. Uye pane dashboard yambiro inoenderana ichavhenekera. Vose vakasvika. Yasvika nguva yekuchinja particulate sefa. Kunakidzwa kunodhura. Mutengo - kubva kune imwe kusvika kune zviuru zvemadhora uye kuiswa. Vazhinji vanopokana neizvi uye vanosarudza kungocheka iyo SF kunze kwehurongwa.

Chii chinoitika kana ukabvisa particulate sefa

Pakati pezvakanakira sarudzo yakadaro:

• iwe uchabvisa chimwe chezvikonzero zvemusoro;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta kunoderera, kunyange zvazvo kusina kunyanya;
• simba rejini inopisa mukati richawedzera zvishoma;
• iwe uchachengetedza mari yakanaka (kubvisa iyo SF kubva muhurongwa uye kugadzirisa zvakare iyo yemagetsi control unit inodhura madhora mazana maviri).

Migumisiro yakaipa:

• kana motokari iri pasi pewaranti, unogona kukanganwa nezvazvo;
• kuwedzera kwe soot emissions mukubuda kunozoonekwa kune ziso rakashama;
• sezvo iyo catalytic inoshandura ichafanirwa kutemwa, iyo inokuvadza yemota yako haikwane mune chero zviyero;
• muridzo usingafadzi weturbine ungaonekwa;
• kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza hakuzokubvumiri kuyambuka muganhu weEuropean Union;
• ECU kupenya kuchadikanwa, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro isingatarisike yekushanda kweakasiyana masisitimu emotokari kana chirongwa chine zvikanganiso kana chisingaenderane zvizere neiyi modhi. Somugumisiro, kubvisa dambudziko rimwe, unogona kuwana imwe, kana kunyange seti yezvitsva.

Kazhinji, sarudzo haina kujeka. Zvichida zviri nani kutenga nekuisa dhiziri nyowani sefa kana mari ichibvumidza. Uye kana zvisina kudaro, edza kumutsiridza yekare, edza kupisa soti nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye usuke nemaoko. Zvakanaka, siya sarudzo yekubviswa kwemuviri seyekupedzisira sarudzo, kana zvimwe zvese zvingave zvapera.