Ndeapi mahubhu uye ndeapi iwo

Iyo hubhu yemotokari chikamu chakakosha chechasisi. Panguva yekushanda, inotora mitoro inorema, uye inopawo hukama hwakavimbika hwevhiri nekumisa uye mabhureki zvikamu. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti mahubs chii, mudziyo wavo uye kugadzirisa dambudziko.

Chii chinonzi hub 

Iyo hubhu ndiyo gungano rinobatanidza chikamu chinotakura kune kumira, kuitira kusununguka kutenderera kwevhiri. Nheyo yekushanda inoitwa nekubereka rollers inobvumira vhiri uye brake disc kutenderera. Nekuda kwekutakura, gumbo rine kugona kutenderera. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa, hubhu inogona kusanganiswa neiyo brake disc uye chigubhu. Zvakare, iyo hubhu inogona kusanganisira iyo ABS sensor, mavhiri emakumbo, ABS mizinga. Yakareruka hub gadziriso inogadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva pakubereka. 

Chii chinonzi hub?

Zvisinei nekugadzirwa uye modhi yemota, vhiri rega "rinogara" pane hub. Izvi zvinobvumira vhiri uye akamedura disc kutenderera zvinoenderana nechairo chekugwinyisa kana danda uchishandisa chinotakura. Panyaya yemavhiri ekutyaira, iyo hub inopfuudza torque kuburikidza neakisi shafts, kune izvi kune akakosha splines mairi, uko kunoiswa giya rebhokisi (kuburitsa shaft). 

Hub mudziyo

Tichifunga nezvekuti hub inoshanda pasi pemutoro wepamusoro, dzimba dzayo dzinoitwa kubva kune yakasimba dura "isina". Izvo zviyero zvema hubs uye nehuremu hwesimba zvinoverengerwa pakugadzira mota, iyo inoteerera huremu hwemota, saizi yemavhiri, uye nekumhanyisa hunhu. Iyo hubhu yakarongedzwa seinotevera:

• rakatenderedzwa muviri rakarukwa maburi ekubatanidza padanda kana gozvo.
• kunze kwehubhubhu unit kune maburi emabhaudhi emabhaudhi kana mafundo, ayo akaiswa mukati mechikamu nekutsikirira;
• iyo yekutakura, sekutonga, ndeye yakapetwa-mitsara roller, tapered mabheyaringi (makuru uye madiki) haana kujairika;
• kuvapo kwekama uye sensor yekutenderera vhiri (yeABS system);
• kubereka kusunga (chikamu chemukati chakamanikidzwa kupinda muchizarira kana chikamu chekunze).

Zvimiro uye zviyero

Kune yega yega mota modhi, automaker inopa akasiyana saizi ehubs. Hatisi kutaura nezve-co-platformers (iyi imhando dzakasiyana dzakaunganidzwa papuratifomu imwechete, semuenzaniso, VAZ-2108,09,099 inoshongedzerwa nezvikamu zvakawanda zvakafanana).

Iyo dhayamita yehubhu, kunyangwe iyo inotakura chikamu, zvinoenderana nehupamhi hwemarimu. Kuti uone kuti mavhiri anogona kuiswa, pane parameter yakadai sehub dhayamita (DIA). Mumarimu akajairwa, dhayamita yehubhu nepakati pakaboora marimu zvinonyatsoenderana.

Kana iwe ukaisa vhiri nechigaro chisina kukodzera, saka kunyange kana iwe ukakwanisa kuita izvi, vhiri richarembera panguva yekutasva. Muchiitiko ichi, vatyairi vanoisa zvindori zveadapter.

Zvimiro zvekuisa hub kune vhiri

Iyo hubhu inonamirwa kune inotungamira knuckle kana danda (zvichienderana nerudzi rwechasi) uchishandisa fani (zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa, inogona kuva imwe kana maviri). Iyo inofambiswa vhiri hubhu mukati mechikamu chepakati chakaiswa pabearing, iyo inogadziriswa ne nut. Inosungirirwa kumutumbi wedhiramu remabhureki.

Iyo drive vhiri hub inoiswa mukati mukati medhiraivha shaft uchishandisa spline yekubatanidza. Chikamu chekunze chekubereka chinotsikirirwa mugumbo rekutungamirira. Pamotokari dzemazuva ano, roller kana tapered bearing yakaiswa pakati pehubhu uye trunnion kana danda. Iyo hubhu pachayo inogadzirwa kubva kune yakasimba cast solid simbi isina blank, kubva iyo chikamu chinogadzirwa.

Mhando dzehubhu uye mabheyaringi

Mune mavhiri anotakura, chinotenderera chinhu bhora kana tapered rollers. Zvinoenderana nemutoro, iyo inobereka inogona kuve imwechete-mutsara uye kaviri-mutsara. Kazhinji tapered rollers ndeyechete mutsara nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemaviri mabheyari muhubhu (diki uye hombe). Yakapetwa-mitsara mabheyari anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba ravo rakakwirira uye kuvimbika, zvinoreva kuti sosi yavo inogona kusvika mazana ezviuru emakiromita. 

Tapered mabheyaringi - serviced, inoda nguva nenguva yekuvandudzwa kwegirisi-yepamusoro-tembiricha, chivharo chekudzivirira chinodiwa kudzivirira tsvina nekunyorova kupinda. Kugadzirisa nguva nenguva kunodiwa nekusimbisa hub nut.

Double mutsara mabheyaringi - isina kutarisirwa. Kazhinji kazhinji vanochinja pamwe chete nehubhu. Kubata kwakavharwa kumativi ose neine chifukidziro chepurasitiki chekusimbisa kwakavimbika. Haikwanise kugadziridzwa, kana kutamba kukaitika, kutsiva kunodiwa.

Mahabhu akapatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

• kune asingadzoreki dhiraivha mavhiri - akaiswa kumashure kweaxle yemota, akabatana zvakasimba kune axle stocking kana steering knuckle. Iine ma splines emukati eaxle shaft, iyo yakasungirirwa ne nut kuhubhu;
• kune anotyairwa asiri anodhiraivha mavhiri - (kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha) akaiswa paekisero yekumashure nekunamatira kudanda kana trunnion. Mhando yemabhengi uye hubs zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemotokari (inogona kuva imwe ine dhiramu kana bhureki disc). Inosiyana mukugadzirwa kwakapfava;
• pakutyaira mavhiri anodhiraivha - iyuniti inonamirwa pagumbo rekufambisa. Iyo ine gomba rakatsemuka yeaxle shaft, zvinokwanisika kuve neABS sensor. Pamotokari dzemazuva ano, hubhu haina kugadzirisa.

Zvinokonzera uye zviratidzo zvekuparara kwehubhu

Munguva yekushanda kwemuchina, hubs anowanzo kusakara nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• zvakasikwa zvinotakura kusakara;
• kumisikidzwa kwemavhiri akakura pane kukurudzirwa nemugadziri (yakaderera rabha chimiro, hombe dhisiki dhayeti);
• kushanda kwemotokari munzira yakaipa yemugwagwa (iyo hub unit inotora zvinokanganisa);
• chigadzirwa chisina kunaka;
• kusimba kana kusasimba kusimbisa kwehubhu bhaudhi kana nzungu.

Zviratidzo:

• kuwedzera ruzha kubva kuchikamu chakasakara;
• mota inoenda kure;
• kuwedzerwa kudedera kana uchityaira.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise kutadza kushanda munguva, zvikasadaro zvinotungamira mukubatwa kwayo, izvo zvine njodzi zvakanyanya nekumhanya kukuru!

Matipi ekuziva uye kuongorora dambudziko?

Chiratidzo chechokwadi chekukundikana kwehubhu ihum yakasimba inobva pakumhanya kwe40 km / h. Kusimba kwehum kunowedzera zvichienderana nekumhanya. Iyo mota inofanirwa kutumirwa kuongororwa, uko nekurembera vhiri, kutenderera mafambiro, pamwe nejolts, rutivi uye dhigirii rekupfeka zvichatemwa. Unogona kutsveta vhiri iwe pachako nekuturika mota nejeko.

Kutsiva hubhu hakunetsi kana chiri chinhu chimwe chine kubereka. Zvaringana kubvisa vhiri, sunungura screws mbiri dzekuchengetedza iyo brake disc, uye bvisa hub kubva padhiraivho. Zvinogona kuitika matambudziko muhupo hweABS sensor (chinongedzo chinowanzoita kuvava).

Kuwedzera hupenyu hwema hubs kuri nyore:

• zviyero zvinoshandirwa panguva yakakodzera kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mafuta;
• edza kudzivisa makomba uye mapundu;
• akamedura zvakanaka pamberi zvipingamupinyi (kumhanya anorovera, etc.), vachidzikisa kuturika;
• gadza mavhiri ehukuru hwakakodzera;
• dzivisa zvikamu zvisina kutsarukana;
• tarisa kuenderana kwevhiri, pamwe nekushandira kweiyo chassis yakazara.

Maitiro ekutsiva kana kugadzirisa hub?

Iyo vhiri hubhu mumotokari inogadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba kwazvo, nekuda kweiyo isingawanzo kukundikana. Chaizvoizvo, deformation kana kuputsika kwegungano iri kunoitika semugumisiro wesimba rakasimba.

Iyo hubhu inodawo kuchinjwa chete kana zvisingabviri kudzvanya kutakura kubva pairi, uye gungano harichagone kushanda nekuda kwekuremerwa kwekutakura. Kana, semugumisiro wekusava nehanya kwemabasa avo, mushandi wekugadzirisa matayi akabvarura bhaudhi kana stud muhubhu, uye haigoni kubvongodzwa kana kusunungurwa nenzira ipi zvayo, ipapo hubhu inofanirawo kuchinjwa.

Kugadzirira kwemashandisi

Kutsiva hubhu, kunyanya vhiri remberi, kunoda humwe hunyanzvi uye maturusi akakosha:

• Kuchengetedza mhete inobvisa;
• Cup puller;
• Pressure;
• screwdriver;
• Jack;
• Chisels;
• Molotkov.

Kudzivirira mota kuti isasvetuka kubva pajeki panguva yebasa, mota inofanirwa kunge yakawedzerwa padanda kana imwe inishuwarenzi. Kana iwe uchida kutsiva hub kana kutakura kwayo, saka iwe unofanirwa kutenga ma spare parts pamberi.

Kugadzirira muchina

Motokari yakavharwa. Kana iyo hubhu yekumberi ikashandurwa, ipapo brake yeruoko inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekudzorera. Kana iyo yekumashure hub ikashandurwa, mavhiri epamberi anofanirwa kutsigirwa zvakare nemavhiri mavhiri (kana iwe ukangoisa mota mugiya, icharamba ichidzokera kumashure nekudzoka).

Kugadzirira chikamu

Tevere, iwe unofanirwa kusunungura mabhaudhi evhiri uye hub nut. Kana shinda yaro yakanamatira, uye haigoni kusunungurwa nenzira ipi zvayo, unogona kunyatsocheka mupendero (iwe unogona, semuenzaniso, kuedza kudhiraivha ichi nechokuchera). Zvadaro, ne-blunt chisel, nati yose inoparadzaniswa zvishoma (zvakakwana kurova chisel chakaiswa mu slot yakagadzirwa nesando kakawanda). Iyi nzira inofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti irege kukuvadza shinda iyo nati inoputirwa.

Mushure mokunge gumbo rabviswa uye hub nut yave isina kuvharwa, chivharo chekudzivirira chinobviswa ne screwdriver. Mushure meizvozvo, brake caliper inosunungurwa. Inobviswa kubva pabhureki disc uye ichiendeswa kudivi.

Kupfuurirazve, mabhengi ebhora, matipi ekutungamirira uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakabviswa kubva kutrunnion kusunungura banga rekutungamirira. Iyo suspension strut inobviswa uye hubhu pachayo nechibhakera inobviswa. Tevere, unogona kutsiva fani kana hubhu yese.

Zvitatu zvekugadzirisa sarudzo

Sezvatotaurwa, iyo hub pachayo inenge isingambokundikani. Kazhinji inoda kubviswa kuti itsive vhiri rekutakura. Pane nzira nhatu dzekuchitsiva:

1. Kubvisa fani uchishandisa yakakosha yekudhonza pasina kubvisa chidhiraivho.
2. Kubvisa chibereko mushure mekubvisa bhuku. Mushure maizvozvi, inosungirirwa mune vice, uye kutakura kunomanikidzwa kunze.
3. Iyo yese rack inobviswa pamwe chete neyekutungamirira knuckle, mushure mezvo kutakura kunobviswa kubva kune chimiro chakasungirirwa muvise.

Imwe neimwe yeiyi sarudzo ine kwayo kwayo. Muchiitiko chekutanga, hapana chikonzero chekugadzirisa kurongeka mushure mekutsiva kubereka. Asi nzira yekutsiva chikamu ichave isingaite sezvinobvira.

Nzira yechipiri iri nyore. Asi zvine musoro kuti mushure mekutsiva bheya kana hubhu, kazhinji zvinodiwa kugadzirisa kurongeka kwemotokari. Usati wabvisa chidhiraivho, iwe uchafanirwa kuisa mucherechedzo pairi kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuimisa nenzira kwayo maererano neyakamiswa strut. Izvo zvinodiwawo kumaka chinzvimbo chekugadzirisa bolt. Iyi nzira yakanakira avo vanoda kutsiva vhiri rekutakura rinoenderana neyakarongwa kutsiviwa kwemabhora mabearings, silent blocks, nezvimwe.

Paunenge uchiita iyi nzira, zvisinei neiyo nzira yakasarudzwa, zvakakosha kuita basa rekubvisa nekungwarira sezvinobvira kuitira kuti kugogodza kunze kusingakuvadze hubhu uye zvikamu zvemotokari zviri pedyo. Iyo inotakura pachayo, kana yagogodzwa, kazhinji inoparadzwa.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Heino hupenyu hudiki hwekuita nekunyatso bvisa hub kubva pachibatiso chekutungamira pasina yakakosha yekudhonza:

Nzira iri nyore yekubvisa kumberi kwembambo kubva padhiraivho

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi hubs dzemota? Icho chikamu chemotokari chassis inobatanidza vhiri kune shaft. Kumberi nekumashure hubs hazvina kunyanya kusiyana kubva kune imwe.

Mumota mune hubs mangani? Huwandu hwehubhu mumotokari hunotarwa nenhamba yemavhiri. Kune mana acho mumotokari dzevanofamba.

Unofanira kuchinja rini hub? Kugadziriswa kwehubhu hakuitwe. Inoshanduka chete kana paita kuputsika (pakumhanya kukuru mota ikapinda mugomba kana mutsaona), kana vhiri rakasakara, asi risingakwanise kumanikidzwa, uye zvakare kana bhaudhi yadonha ( vamwe mhizha vanokwanisa kutora iyo yasara yeiyo stud nekuboora, asi zvinotora nguva yakawanda nesimba).