Chii chinonzi transformer? Zvese zvaunoda kuziva

Unoziva chii chinonzi transformer? Tawana iwe!

Transformer chinhu chemagetsi shanduro magetsi pakati pemaseketi maviri kana anopfuura. Transformers inoshandiswa kuwedzera or kuderera AC (alternating current) chiratidzo chemagetsi.

Asi handizvo zvoga. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune izvi zvinoshamisa zvishandiso!

Nhoroondo ye transformer

Transformer yakagadzirwa neAmerican injiniya wekuHungary anonzi Otto Blatti muna 1884 gore.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti akafuridzirwa kugadzira mudziyo mushure mekuona kuedza kwakakundikana kunosanganisira kupfuudza magetsi nesimbi.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe transformer

Nheyo yekushanda kwe transformer inobva pane pfungwa yekupinza. Kana simba rikaiswa kune imwe coil, inogadzira simba re electromotive mune imwe coil, izvo zvinoita kuti ive magineti polarized.

Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti macurrents anokandwa mune imwe dunhu izvo zvinogadzira voltage iyo inozodzosera kumashure polarity yayo.

Chii chinoshandiswa netransformer?

Transformers inowanzoshandiswa kuderedza voltage munharaunda yemagetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakachengeteka kune yakaderera voltage michina iri padhuze. sensitive electronic midziyo, uye zvakare inodzivirira kukanganisa kune imba yemagetsi wiring.

Transformers inogona kushandiswa zvakare kugovera simba rakaremerwa kana kushaya kugadzikana nekubvisa mutoro kubva pamutsetse wekupa panguva dzekudiwa kwepamusoro.

Iyo transformer inogona kuiswa mumaseketi akasiyana zvichienderana neyavo zvinodiwa izvo zvinoita kuti pasave nekuremerwa, kunyangwe dunhu rimwe rine matambudziko nezvinodiwa nemagetsi.

Izvi zvinokubvumirawo gadzirisa simba rakawanda sei raunoda panguva ipi zvayo kuitira kuti hurongwa hwemagetsi hurege kushanda zvakanyanya uye husakara nguva isati yasvika, nokuti pane nguva dzose kune imwe mutoro wakaiswa pamagetsi ose.

Transformer zvikamu

Iyo transformer inosanganisira yekutanga mhepo, yechipiri mhepo uye magineti wedunhu. Kana simba rikaiswa kudunhu rekutanga, iyo magineti inoyerera kubva pachikamu ichocho inoshanda pachikamu chechipiri, ichitsausa mamwe eaya mafungu kuti adzokere mairi.

Izvi zvinogadzira voltage iyo inonyudzwa mune yechipiri coil, iyo inozodzosera kumashure polarity yayo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo magnetic flux inogurwa kubva kune imwe coil uye inoshandiswa kune imwe. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeye induced ikozvino musecondary circuit pamwe nealternating voltage levels.

Iwo ekutanga uye echipiri coils anogona kubatanidzwa kana munhevedzano kana mukuenderana kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvinokanganisa kufambiswa kwesimba zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveiyo dunhu.

Iyi dhizaini inotibvumira kushandisa dunhu rimwe kune zvinangwa zvakawanda. Kana pasina kudiwa kwemazinga emagetsi pane imwe nguva, vanogona kuendeswa kune imwe dunhu rinogona kunge rine chido chikuru kwavari.

Transformer inoshanda sei?

Nheyo yetransformer ndeyekuti magetsi anopfuura nepakati imwe coil yewaya, iyo inogadzira iyo magnetic field, iyo inobva yaita ikozvino mune imwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhepo yekutanga inopa simba kune yechipiri coil kuti iite kuti ibudise voltage.

Maitiro acho anotanga kana alternating ikozvino (AC) iripo mune yekutanga coil, iyo inogadzira magineti ine polarity inodzokera kumashure nekudzoka pakati pekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba. Iyo magnetic field inobva yaenda kunze yakananga kune yechipiri coil uye inozopedzisira yapinda mune yekutanga coil yewaya.

Iyo magnetic field inofamba ichitevedza waya yekutanga uye inoshandura polarity kana kutungamira, iyo inobva yakonzera magetsi emagetsi. Iyi nzira inodzokororwa kakawanda sekunge paine makoiri patransformer. Simba remagetsi rinokanganiswa nehuwandu hwekutendeuka mune ese ekutanga uye echipiri maseketi.

Iyo magnetic field inoramba ichifamba nepakati pechipiri coil yewaya kusvika yasvika kumagumo uye yozodzokera kune yekutanga coil yewaya. Izvi zvinoita kuti magetsi mazhinji aende mune imwe nzira kwete maviri akasiyana nzira, izvo zvinogadzira alternating ikozvino (AC).

Nekuda kwekuti simba rinochengeterwa mu transformer's magnetic field, hapana chikonzero chechipiri chemagetsi.

Kuti kuendeswa kwesimba kubva kune yekutanga coil kuenda kune yechipiri kushanda, ivo vanofanirwa kubatanidzwa pamwe chete munharaunda yakavharwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune nzira inoenderera, saka magetsi anogona kupfuura nepakati pemaviri.

Kubudirira kweshanduko kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekutendeuka kune rumwe rutivi, pamwe chete nesimbi yavanogadzirwa nayo.

Iyo iron core inowedzera kusimba kwesimba remagineti, saka zviri nyore kuti magineti ipfuure newaya yega yega pane kusunda pairi uye kunamira.

Zvakare, ma transformer anogona kuitwa kuti awedzere voltage asi achidzikira ikozvino. Semuenzaniso, ammeter inoshandiswa kuyera nhamba yeampere inoyerera kuburikidza newaya.

A voltmeter inoshandiswa kuyera kuti yakawanda sei voltage iripo mumagetsi edunhu. Nechikonzero ichi, ivo vanofanirwa kugadzirwa pamwechete kuti vashande nemazvo.

Kufanana nechero imwe mudziyo wemagetsi, ma transformer dzimwe nguva anogona kutadza kana kupfupika nekuda kwekuremerwa. Kana izvi zvikaitika, spark inogona kuumba uye kupisa mudziyo.

Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti magetsi haapfuuri neshanduro kana uri kuita chero rudzi rwekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti magetsi anofanirwa kuvharwa, semuenzaniso nedunhu rinotyora, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu wese.

Mhando dzema transformer

• kwira uye dzika pasi transformer
• Power transformer
• Distribution transformer
• Distribution transformer kushandiswa
• Instrument transformer
• Current transformer
• Inogona transformer
• Single phase transformer
• Three phase transformer

kwira uye dzika pasi transformer

Nhanho-up transformer yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa voltage inobuda iyo yakakwirira kudarika magetsi ekuisa magetsi. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kana iwe uchida huwandu hukuru hwesimba rinoshanda kwenguva pfupi, asi kwete nguva dzese.

Mumwe muenzaniso weizvi ungave vanhu vanofamba nendege kana kushanda nemidziyo yemagetsi inoshandisa yakawanda ikozvino. Aya ma transformer anoshandiswawo kusimbisa dzimba dzine maturbine emhepo kana solar panel.

Nhanho-pasi ma transformer akagadzirirwa kudzikisa voltage pamagetsi ekuisa kuti ape simba pane yakaderera inobuda voltage.

Mhando iyi yetransformer inowanzoshandiswa mudzimba kana makomputa umo simba kana michina iri nyore semarambi kana marambi inoshandiswa nguva dzese.

Power transformer

Simba rinoshandura simba rinotumira simba, kazhinji muhuwandu hukuru. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa kufambisa magetsi pamakiromita marefu kuburikidza negetsi remagetsi. Magetsi anoshandura magetsi anoshandisa magetsi akaderera uye oashandura kuita magetsi emagetsi akakwira kuti akwanise kufamba nzendo refu.

Transformer inobva yachinja ichidzokera kune yakaderera voltage pedyo nemunhu kana bhizinesi rinoda simba.

Distribution transformer

Iyo yekugovera transformer yakagadzirirwa kugadzira yakachengeteka yemagetsi ikozvino yekugovera system. Izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa kudzimba, mahofisi, mafekitori uye zvimwe zvivako uko zvinodiwa simba zviri pamatanho akasiyana, zvinoda kuyerera kwesimba rakafanana.

Vanoderedza kuwedzera kwemagetsi nekugadzirisa kufamba kwemagetsi kudzimba uye zvivako.

Shanduko yekugovera haisi chaiyo shanduko mupfungwa yekuti inopa yakakwira voltage pane yekuisa, zvisinei inopa yakachengeteka uye inobudirira kugovera kwemagetsi.

Izvi zvinogoneka nebasa rayo rekutanga rekushandura simba kubva kugetsi remagetsi kuenda kune yakaderera voltage kuitira kuti rigone kushandiswa zvisina njodzi mudzimba nemabhizinesi.

Instrument transformer

Chishandiso cheshanduro chinoonekwa semhando yakakosha yeshanduro mudziyo. Iyo ine mabasa akafanana neyekugovera transformer, asi yakagadzirirwa kune kunyange diki mutoro.

Iwo madiki uye asingadhure pane mamwe marudzi ematransformer, achiita kuti ave akakodzera kushandiswa nemidziyo midiki yakadai sematurusi emagetsi anobatwa nemaoko kana maovheni emicrowave.

Current transformer

Azvino transformer chishandiso chinokubvumira kuyera yakakwira voltage. Inonzi shanduri yazvino nekuti inobaya AC ikozvino mumudziyo uye inoyera huwandu hweDC inobuda semhedzisiro.

Matransformer azvino anoyera macurrents akadzikira ka10-100 pane magetsi emagetsi, achiaita maturusi akakodzera ekuyera mamwe midziyo yemagetsi kana michina.

Inogona transformer

Voltage transformer chishandiso chinoshandura magetsi emagetsi kusvika padanho rinokunakira pakuyera. Chishandiso chinopinza magetsi emagetsi akakwira uye semhedzisiro inoyera huwandu hwemagetsi mashoma.

Sezvinoita matransformer azvino, magetsi emagetsi anotendera kuyerwa kuti kuitwe pamazinga evoltage 10 kusvika 100 nguva yakaderera pane ayo anoshandiswa nemadhizaini ekuparadzira.

Single phase transformer

A single-phase transformer imhando yekugovera transformer inogovera 120 volts yesimba. Ivo vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzekugara, zvivakwa zvekutengesa uye hofori magetsi emagetsi.

Single-phase transformers inoshanda pamaseketi matatu-chikamu apo magetsi ekuisa anogoverwa pamusoro pemakondakita maviri kana anopfuura 120 madhigirii akaparadzana kuti asvike kunzvimbo yemutengi. Mhepo inopinza iyo inopinda mukite inowanzoitika pakati pe120 ne240 volts kuNorth America.

Three phase transformer

A-phase-phase transformer imhando yekutumira kana kugovera transformer iyo inogovera 240 volts yesimba. MuNorth America, magetsi ekuisa anotangira pa208 kusvika pa230 volts.

Transformers inoshandiswa kushandira nzvimbo huru uko vatengi vazhinji vanoda magetsi. Nzvimbo inoshandirwa neatatu-phase transformer ichava nemaseti matatu ewaya dzinopenya kubva kwairi dzakapatsanurwa 120 madhigirii, uye imwe neimwe seti inopa akasiyana voltage.

A-phase-phase transformer ane matanhatu echipiri mamhepo. Iwo anoshandiswa mumasanganiswa akasiyana siyana kuti awane voltage inodiwa kune yega yega nzvimbo yemutengi.

Iwo matanhatu echipiri windings akakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: yakakwirira uye yakaderera voltage. Muenzaniso weizvi ungave kana paine vatengi vatatu munzvimbo inopihwa neatatu-chikamu kugovera transformer.

mhedziso

Tinotenda kuti ikozvino wanzwisisa chii chinonzi transformer uye nei tisingagoni kurarama tisina ivo.