Chii chinonzi injini turbocharger

Kusvikira makumi mashoma apfuura, injini dze turbo dzaionekwa sechinhu chemota dzinonakidza kubva mune ramangwana kana mitambo yakanaka yemakomputa. Uye kunyangwe mushure mekuitwa kwehungwaru zano reimwe nzira yakapusa yekuwedzera simba reinjini, mukana uyu wakagara wakagara wakagadzwa nemidziyo yepeturu. Mazuva ano, dzinenge mota dzese dzinouya kubva pamutsetse wegungano dzakagadzirwa neiyo turbo system, zvisinei nekuti inofamba nemafuta api.

Pakumhanya kwakakwira kana kukwira kwakadzika, injini yakajairwa yemotokari yakanyanyisa kuremerwa. Kuita kuti basa rayo riite, pakagadzirwa hurongwa hwaigona kuwedzera simba remota pasina kukanganisa chimiro chemukati.

Pamwe pamwe nekufurira kugona kweinjini, iyo musimboti ye "turbo" inobatsira mukuchenesa kwakakosha kwemweya wekumesa, kuburikidza nekushandisazve kwavo uye kushandisa zvekare. Uye izvi zvakakosha pakuvandudza ecology, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa nemasangano mazhinji epasi rese anorwira kuchengetedza nharaunda.

Turbocharging ine zvayakaipira zvine chekuita nekukurumidza kuvesa kwemusanganiswa unotsva. Asi iri divi mhedzisiro - chikonzero chekukurumidza kupfeka kwepiston mumakomba - inobatwa zvinobudirira nemafuta akasarudzwa nemazvo, izvo zvinodikanwa kuzodza zvikamu kana injini ye turbo ichimhanya.  

Chii chinonzi turbine kana turbocharger mumotokari?

Iko kugona kwemotokari yakashongedzerwa ne "turbo" inowedzera ne30 - 50%, kana kunyangwe 100%, yeyakajairika kugona kwayo. Uye izvi kunyangwe hazvo icho chishandiso pachacho chisingadhuri, chine huremu husina kukosha uye huwandu, uye unoshanda zvakavimbika zvinoenderana nehungwaru hwakareruka musimboti.

Chigadzirwa chinogadzira kumanikidza kwakanyanya mukati meinjini yekutsva yemukati nekuda kwejekiseni rekugadzira yeimwe dosi yemhepo, iyo inoumba huwandu hwakawedzera wemafuta-gasi musanganiswa, uye painotsva, simba reinjini rinowedzera ne40-60%.

Turbo-yakagadzirirwa michina inova inoshanda zvakanyanya pasina kushandura dhizaini yayo. Mushure mekuisa isina kujairika chishandiso, yakaderera-simba 4-humburumbira injini inogona kupa kunze kugona kwebasa kwema 8 sepombi.

Kuti uzviise zviri nyore, turbine chikamu chisingaonekwi asi chinoshanda zvakanyanya painjini yemotokari inobatsira kuwedzera mashandiro e "moyo" wemota pasina mafuta asingakoshi nekudzokorodza simba remagasi ekudzimisa.

Ndeapi mainjini ari turbocharger akaiswa pairi

Ikozvino michina yemuchina ine turbine michina inokurumidza zvikuru kupfuura yavo yekutanga sumo mumafuta epeturu. Kuti uone iyo yakanakisa nzira yekushanda, zvishandiso zvakatanga kushandiswa pamumhanyisa mota, nekutenda kwavakatanga kushandisa:

Kudzora zvemagetsi;

Kutonhora kwemvura pamadziro emidziyo;

Mhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzemafuta;

Midziyo isingadziirwe muviri.

Zvimwe zviitiko zvepamusoro zvakagonesa kushandisa iyo "turbo" system pane chero injini, ingave gasi, peturu kana dhiziri. Zvakare, iko kutenderera kwekushandira kwe crankshaft (muzvikamu zviviri kana zvina kurova) uye nzira yekutonhora: uchishandisa mweya kana mvura, hautore chinhanho.

Pamusoro pemarori uye mota dzine injini ine simba inodarika 80 kW, sisitimu yacho yawana kunyorera mumota yedhiziri, michina yekugadzira migwagwa uye injini dzemumvura ine huwandu hwekushanda hwe150 kW.

Nheyo yekushanda kweturbine yemotokari

Musimboti weiyo turbocharger ndeyekuwedzera mashandiro einjini-yepasi injini ine hushoma huwandu hwesilinda uye hushoma hwemafuta nekudzokororazve iwo ekuzadza magasi. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kushamisa: semuenzaniso, iyo litre matatu-humburumbira injini inokwanisa kuburitsa 90 emabhiza pasina mafuta ekuwedzera, uye nechiratidzo chehukama hwehukama.

Iyo sisitimu inoshanda zvakapusa: yakashandiswa mafuta - magasi - haakurumidze kutizira mumhepo, asi anopinda rotor yeturbine yakasungirirwa pombi yekuzadza, iyo, zvakare, iri pane imwechete axis nemhepo inofuridza. Iyo gasi rinopisa rinotenderera mashizha eiyo turbo system, uye ivo vanoisa shaft mukufamba, izvo zvinobatsira mukuyerera kwemhepo kuenda mumhepo inotonhora. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa nevhiri, ichipinda muchikamu, inoshanda pane injini torque uye iri pasi pekumanikidza, ichiwedzera huwandu hwegasi-mafuta emvura, inobatsira mukuwedzera kwesimba rechikamu.

Zvinoitika kuti pakubudirira kweinjini, haufanirwe kuwedzera peturu, asi huwandu hwakakwana hwemhepo yakakwenenzverwa (iyo yemahara zvachose), iyo, kana yakasanganiswa nemafuta, inowedzera kushanda kwayo (kushanda).

Turbocharger dhizaini

Shanduro yesimba michina ine zvinhu zviviri: turbine uye compressor, inoita basa rakakosha zvakaenzana mukuwedzera simba reinjini chero muchina. Mavhidhiyo ese ari maviri ari pane imwe axis yakaoma (shaft), iyo pamwe chete nemavhiri (mavhiri) anoumba maviri akafanana rotors: turbine uye compressor, yakaiswa mudzimba dzakafanana nehozhwa.

Schematic mamiriro:

· Moto unopisa turbine (muviri). Zvinotora magasi ekudzimisa anotyaira rotor. Mukugadzira, spheroidal cast iron inoshandiswa, inomira kupisa kwakasimba.

· Impeller (vhiri) reinjini, rakaomarara pane yakajairwa axis. Kazhinji yakaenzana kudzivirira ngura.

· Center katuriji dzimba dzine mabheyaringi pakati pemavhiri anotenderera.

· Cold compressor volute (muviri). Mushure mekusunungura shaft, iyo yakashandiswa mafuta (magasi) inokwevera mune imwe vhoriyamu yemhepo. Inowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium.

Mhepo inotenderera (vhiri) remudzvinyiriri, iro rinomanikidza mweya nekuipa kune iyo nzira yekudyiwa iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru.

Kupihwa kwemafuta uye migero yekudonhedza zvikamu, kudzivirira LSPI (pre-low-speed kuvesa), kudzikiswa kwemafuta.

Iyo dhizaini inobatsira kushandisa iyo kinetic simba kubva kune ekudzimisa gasi kuwedzera iyo injini simba pasina kuwedzerwa mafuta ekushandisa.

Turbine (turbocharger) inoshanda

Iyo turbo system inoenderana nekuwedzera torque, iyo inovandudza kushanda kwemotokari yemuchina. Zvakare, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa hakungogumira kune chete vafambi vemota uye dzinoshandiswa mota. Parizvino, turbocompressors ane mavhiri akakura kubva pa220 mm kusvika 500 mm anoshandiswa pane akawanda maindasitiri michina, ngarava, uye dhiziri locomotives. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamwe mabhenefiti anowanikwa nehunyanzvi.

· Iyo turbo chishandiso, chero ikashandiswa nenzira kwayo, zvinobatsira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba reinjini mune yakagadzikana mode;

Basa rine injini rinobhadhara mukati memwedzi mitanhatu;

Kuiswa kwechikwata chakakosha kuchachengetedza mari pakutenga injini yakakura "inodya" mafuta akawanda;

Kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera kufunga neinjini inogara iripo.

Kubudirira kweinjini kunodarika zvakapetwa.

 Uye chii chakakosha - gasi rekushandisa mushure mekushandisa sekondari rinova rakachena zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti harina njodzi kune nharaunda.

Mhando uye hunhu hweiyo turbocharger

Chidimbu chakaiswa pazvivakwa zvepeturu - chakaparadzaniswa - chakashongedzerwa nehozhwa mbiri, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza simba reinetic kubva mukubvisa magasi uye kunodzivirira kupindazve injini. Iyo peturu dhizaini inoda kamuri inotonhorera iyo inoderedza tembiricha yemusanganiswa wakabaiwa (anosvika 1050 madhigirii) kuitira kuti usazongoerekana wavira.

Kune injini dzedhiziri, kutonhora hakuwanzo kudikanwa, tembiricha uye mweya kumanikidza kudzora zvinopihwa nemabhuru emidziyo inoshandura geometry nekuda kwemachira anotakurika anogona kuchinja kona yekuda. Iyo yekupfuura vharuvhu ine pneumatic kana yemagetsi dhiraivha muinjini yedhiziri yemagetsi epakati (50-130 HP) inogadzirisa marongero eiyo turbocharger. Uye dzimwe nzira dzine simba (kubva pa130 kusvika ku350 hp) dzakashongedzwa nemudziyo unodzora (mumatanho maviri) jekiseni remafuta zvakanyatsoenderana nehoriyamu yemhepo inopinda mumasirinda

Ese turbocharger anosarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvakakosha hunhu:

Nekukosha kwekuwedzera kugona;

· Kunonyanyisa kushanda tembiricha yekupedza gasi;

· Torque yeiyo turbine rotor;

Musiyano mukumanikidza kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa panopinda nekubuda kubva muchirongwa;

Pamutemo wechigadzirwa chemukati (shandura mumajometri embudzi kana dhizaini mbiri);

Nemhando yebasa: axial (fura pamwe chete nemubhadharo kuenda pakati nepakabuda kubva parutivi) kana radial (chiito chakateedzana).

Mumapoka, akapatsanurwa kuita dhiziri, gasi, injini dzepeturu, pamwe nesimba remabhiza emayuniti.

· Pane imwe-nhanho kana maviri-danho supercharging system.

Zvichienderana nehunhu hwakanyorwa, turbocharger inogona kuve nemusiyano wakakura muhukuru, mimwe michina uye kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana.

Chii chinonzi turbo lag (turbo pit)?

Inoshanda turbocharger oparesheni inotanga paavhareji mota kumhanya, sekumhanya kwakaderera iyo unit haigamuchire yakakwana yekuzadza gasi kuti ipe yakakwira rotor torque.

Kana mota ikatanga kamwe kamwe kubva pakamira, zvakafanana chiitiko chinoonekwa: mota haigone kutora kumhanyisa, nekuti injini pakutanga haina mweya unodiwa. Zvinofanira kutora imwe nguva kugadzira yepakati-yakakwira revs, kazhinji mashoma mashoma. Ndiyo panguva ino apo kunonoka kwekutanga kunoitika, iyo inonzi turbo pit kana turbo lag.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, kwete rimwe chete, asi maviri kana matatu ma turbine akaiswa pane emazuva ano mota mamodheru, anoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana. Iwo maturbo makomba anobudirirawo kugadziriswa nekutama mashizha anoshandura geometry yemubhedha. Kugadziridza kona yekurerekera kwemavhiri mavhiri anokwanisa kugadzira kumanikidza kunodikanwa muinjini.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peturbocharger uye turbocharger (turbocharging)?

Iko kushanda kweiyo turbine ndeyekugadzira torque yeiyo rotor, iyo ine yakajairika ekisero ine compressor vhiri. Uye iyo yekupedzisira, zvakare, inogadzira yakawedzera mweya kumanikidza inodikanwa kune inobereka kupisa kwesimba remafuta musanganiswa. Kunyangwe kufanana kwemagadzirirwo, maitirwo ese ane zvimwe zvakakosha misiyano:

Kuiswa kwe turbocharger kunoda mamiriro akasarudzika uye hunyanzvi, saka inoisirwa kungave kufekitori kana mune yakasarudzika sevhisi Chero mutyairi anogona kuisa iyo compressor ari ega.

· Mutengo weiyo turbo system wakakwira zvakanyanya.

· Kugadzira Compressor kuri nyore uye kwakachipa.

Turbines inowanzo shandiswa pane dzimwe injini dzine simba, nepo compressor ine diki yekufambisa yakwana.

· Iyo turbo system inogara ichingoda oiri kutonhodza zvakapisa kupisa zvikamu. Iyo compressor haidi mafuta.

· Iyo turbocharger inobatsira kune mari yekushandisa mafuta, nepo iyo compressor, pane zvinopesana, ichiwedzera mashandisiro ayo.

· Iyo turbo inomhanya pane yakachena makanika, nepo iyo compressor inoda simba.

· Kana iyo compressor iri kumhanya, hapana "turbo lag" chiitiko, iyo drive (yuniti) yekuita kunonoka kunoonekwa chete muiyo turbo.

· Turbocharging inoitwa neiyo chiutsi magasi, uye iyo compressor inogoneswa nekutenderera kweye crankshaft.

Izvo hazvigone kutaurwa kuti ndeipi sisitimu iri nani kana yakaipa, zvinoenderana nekuti mutyairi anoshandiswa pakuita rudzii: kune ane hasha, chishandiso chine simba zvikuru chichaita; kune yakanyarara - yakajairwa compressor inokwana, kunyange hazvo izvozvi zvisati zvagadzirwa mune imwe fomu.

Hupenyu hwebasa reTurbocharger

Iwo ekutanga emagetsi-kumusoro zvishandiso zvaizivikanwa nekugara uchipunzika uye yaive isina rakavimbika kwazvo mukurumbira. Iye zvino mamiriro acho avandudzwa zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwazvino dhizaini, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinopisa kupisa zvemuviri, kubuda kwemhando nyowani dzemafuta, izvo zvinoda kusarudzwa kwakanyatsonaka.

Parizvino, hupenyu hwekushanda hwechimwe chinhu chinokwanisa kuenderera kusvikira mota yapedza zviwanikwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekupfuura kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi panguva, izvo zvinobatsira kuona mashoma malfunctions padanho rekutanga. Izvi zvinochengetedza zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzirisa diki uye mari yekugadzirisa.

Iko kushanda kwakanaka kweiyo system uye nekuwedzera kwehupenyu hwayo kunokanganiswa nekukasira uye kwakarongeka shanduko yemhepo firita uye injini yemafuta.

Kushanda uye kugadzirisa kwemagetsi emagetsi

Nayo pachayo, iyo yekuwedzera simba unit haidi yoga kuchengetedzwa, asi kushanda kwayo zvakananga kunoenderana neazvino mamiriro enjini. Kuonekwa kwematambudziko ekutanga kunoratidzwa ne:

Kuonekwa kweruzha rwekunze;

· Inoonekwa kushandiswa kweinjini mafuta;

• bhuruu yebhuruu kana kunyange dema ichibuda mumuromo;

· Kuderera kwakasimba kwesimba reinjini.

Kazhinji, mhedzisiro inoenderana zvakananga nekushandiswa kwemafuta epasi-mhando kana kushomeka kwayo nguva dzose Kuti usazvidya moyo pamusoro pekutadza kusingatarisirwe kwe "main organ" uye "stimulator" yayo, unofanirwa kutevedzera rairo yenyanzvi:

Geza iyo isina kugadzikana, sefa uye tarisa mamiriro ekugadzirisa munguva;

· Gara uchichengeta huwandu hunodiwa hwemafuta;

· Gara uchitarisa mamiriro ehukama hwakavharwa;

· Wisa injini usati watanga kushanda;

Mushure mekutyaira zvine hukasha kwemaminetsi matatu kusvika kumana shandisa kumhanya zvisina basa kutonhodza turbine;

Tevedzera kurudziro yemugadziri yekushandisa firita yakakodzera uye giredhi remafuta;

· Kugara uchichengetedzwa uye kuongorora mamiriro epeturu system.

Kana, zvakadaro, mubvunzo wekugadzirisa kwakakomba unomuka, saka unofanirwa kuitiswa chete mune yakasarudzika musangano. Iyo sevhisi inofanirwa kuve nemamiriro akakodzera ekuchengetedza rucheno, nekuti kupinda kweguruva muhurongwa hakugamuchirwe. Uye zvakare, zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinoda kugadziriswa.

Nzira yekuwedzera sei hupenyu hweturbocharger?

Matatu makuru akakosha anovimbisa kushanda chaiko uye kwenguva refu kweturbine:

1. Kutsiviwa nenguva kwefirita yemhepo uye kuchengetedza huwandu hunodiwa hwemafuta muinjini. Uyezve, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa chete izvo zvinhu zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Iwe unogona kutenga zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga kubva kune vane mvumo vatengesi / vamiririri vekambani, kuitira kudzivirira kutengwa kwemanyepo.

2. Kumira kamwe kamwe mushure mekumhanya-mhanya kunoita kuti system ishande pasina girizi, sezvo vhiri remagetsi rinoramba richitenderera neinertia, uye oiri kubva kumotokari yakadzimwa haichayeri. Izvi hazvigare kwenguva refu, ingangoita hafu yeminiti, asi izvi zvinogara zvichitungamira zvinotungamira kukurumidza kupfeka kwebhora rinotakura rakaomarara. Saka iwe unofanirwa kumbodzora zvishoma nezvishoma kumhanya, kana kurega injini ichimhanya zvishoma.

3. Usaise kumanikidza gasi nekukasira. Zvirinani kuwana kumhanya zvishoma nezvishoma kuitira kuti injini yemafuta ive nenguva yekuzodza mashandiro anotenderera zvakanaka.

Mitemo iri nyore kwazvo, asi kuitevera pamwe nemazano emugadziri kunowedzera hupenyu hwemota. Sezvinoratidzwa nenhamba, pane chete 30% yevatyairi vanoteerera kune anobatsira matipi, saka pane kunyunyuta kwakati pamusoro pekushomeka kwechigadzirwa.

Chii chinogona kuputsa mumotokari turbocharger?

Kuparara kwakanyanya kunosanganisirwa neisina mafuta-mhando injini uye yakavharika mweya firita.

Muchiitiko chekutanga, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva inokasira chikamu chakasviba, uye kwete kuchichenesa. "Kuchengetedza" kwakadaro kunogona kutungamira kumarara akapinda pakati pechirongwa, zvinozokanganisa hunhu hwekutakura lubrication.

Oiri yekugadzira isinganzwisisike ine maitiro akafanana. Mafuta akashata anotungamira kukurumidza kupfeka kwenhengo dzemukati, uye kwete chete iyo yekuwedzera unit, asiwo injini yese inogona kutambura.

Kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekutadza kushanda zvikaonekwa: kutaridzika kwemafuta ekuzora, kudedera kusingadiwe, ruzha rwekunyunyuta zvine mutsindo, unofanirwa kufonera sevhisi nekukasika kuongororwa kwemota.

Zvinoita here kugadzirisa turbine mumotokari

Kutengwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chitsva, uye zvakatonyanya kuenderana nemaitiro, kunoenderana nekuburitswa kadhi rewarandi, umo mugadziri anozivisa imwe nguva yeshumiro isina dambudziko yedhiyo. Asi vatyairi mune kwavo ongororo vanogovana kuora mwoyo kwavo kwakanangana nekusiyana pakati peyakavimbiswa nguva. Zvingangodaro, mhosva yacho haisi yemugadziri, asi nemuridzi iye pachake, uyo akangotevedzera zvisina kurayirwa.

Kana kumberi kuputsika kweturbine kwaireva mutengo wechigadzirwa chitsva, saka panguva ino iyo unit iri pasi pekudzoreredzwa. Chinhu chikuru kutendeukira kune vehunyanzvi munguva nemidziyo yakakodzera uye zvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvepakutanga. Hapana mamiriro kana iwe uchifanira kuzvigadzirisa, zvikasadaro haufanire kuchinjisa akati wandei mativi, asi mota yese, uye izvi zvichave zvatoda mari yakawanda.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peturbine neturbocharger? Aya maitiro ane rudzi rwakasiyana rwekutyaira. Iyo turbine inopeperetswa nekuyerera kwemagasi emhepo. Iyo compressor yakabatana zvakananga kune mota shaft.

Ndeipi musimboti wekushanda weturbocharger? Iyo turbocharger drive inovhurwa nekukurumidza kana injini yatangwa, nekuda kweiyo simba rekuwedzera rinoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini. Iyo impeller inokwanisa kukunda kushorwa kukuru.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peturbocharger neturbocharger? Turbocharging haisi chinhu chinopfuura turbine yakajairwa, inofambiswa nechisimba chekuyerera kwemhepo. Turbocharger iturbocharger. Kunyangwe zviri nyore kuisa, zvinodhura zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi turbocharger? Iyi nzira, seye classical turbine, inoshandisa simba remotokari pachayo (chete munyaya iyi, simba rekinetic re shaft, uye kwete magesi emhepo) kuti iwedzere kuyerera kwemhepo inopinda.