Chii chinonzi turbocharger?

Kana zvasvika pakusanganisa kuita nekudzikiswa kwemafuta, mainjiniya anopotsa amanikidzwa kusarudza injini yeturbo.

Kunze kwemhepo yakatetepa yenyika yepamusoro-soro, uko Lamborghini ichiri kuomerera kuti injini dzechisikigo dzinoramba dziri dzakachena uye nzira yeItaly yekugadzira simba uye ruzha, mazuva emotokari dzisina turbocharged ari kusvika kumagumo.

Izvo hazvigoneke, semuenzaniso, kuwana yakasarudzika Volkswagen Gorofu. Mushure meDieselgate, hongu, izvi hazvigone kuve nebasa, nekuti hapana anoda kutamba gorofu zvakare.

Nekudaro, chokwadi chinoramba chiripo chekuti mota dzemuguta, mota dzemhuri, vafambi vakuru uye kunyange mamwe ma supercars ari kusiya ngarava nekuda kweramangwana re scuba. Kubva kuFord Fiesta kuenda kuFerrari 488, ramangwana nderekumanikidzwa kupinza, muchidimbu nekuda kwemitemo yekuburitsa, asi zvakare nekuti tekinoroji yakashanduka nekusvetuka uye miganhu.

Iyi inyaya yeinjini diki mafuta ehupfumi yekutyaira yakatsetseka uye hombe injini simba paunenge uchida.

Kana zvasvika pakusanganisa kuita kwepamusoro nekushomeka kwemafuta, mainjiniya anopotsa amanikidzwa kugadzira mainjini avo achangoburwa ne turbocharged tekinoroji.

Ko turbo ingaite sei zvakawanda nezvishoma?

Izvo zvese zvinouya kune mashandiro anoita injini, saka ngatitaurei zvishoma nezve maitiro. Kune injini dzepeturu, iyo 14.7: 1 air-fuel ratio inovimbisa kupisa kwakakwana kwezvose zviri muhumburumbira. Chero muto unopfuura uyu kutambisa mafuta.

Muinjini yakasikirwa, chivharo chechidimbu chinogadzirwa nepiston chinodzika chinokwevera mweya mucylinder, chichishandisa kudzvanyirira kwakashata mukati kukwevera mweya mukati kuburikidza nemavharuvhu ekupinza. Inzira iri nyore kuita zvinhu, asi ishoma zvikuru maererano nemhepo, semunhu ane kufema kwehope.

Muinjini ye turbocharged, bhuku rekutonga rakanyorwa patsva. Panzvimbo pekuvimba nekutsvaira kwepiston, injini ine turbocharged inoshandisa pombi yemhepo kusundira mweya mucylinder, sezvinongoita chivharo chekuvhara mweya chinosunda mweya kumhino dzako.

Kunyange zvazvo maturbocharger achikwanisa kudzvanya mhepo kusvika pa5 bar (72.5 psi) pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze akajairwa, mumotokari dzemumigwagwa anowanzo shanda pamhepo yakasununguka ye0.5 kusvika 1 bar (7 kusvika 14 psi).

Mhedzisiro inoshanda ndeyekuti pa 1 bar yeboost pressure, injini inogashira mweya wakapetwa kaviri sekunge yakagara ichishuvira.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti injini inodzora unit inogona kubaya mafuta akapetwa kaviri uku ichichengeta yakanakira air-mafuta reshiyo, ichigadzira kuputika kukuru.

Asi iyo ingori hafu yemanomano eturbocharger. Ngatimboenzanisai 4.0-lita yakasikwa aspirated injini uye 2.0-litre turbocharged injini ine boost pressure ye 1 bar, tichifunga kuti zvimwe zvakafanana maererano nehunyanzvi.

Injini ye 4.0-litre inopedza mafuta akawanda kunyange pasina basa uye pasi pemhepo yakareruka, nepo 2.0-litre injini inodya zvishoma. Musiyano ndewekuti pakuvhurika kwakavhurika injini, turbocharged injini ichashandisa iyo yakanyanya huwandu hwemhepo uye mafuta inokwanisika - zvakapetwa kaviri sejinjini inoshuvira yakasikwa yekutamiswa kwakafanana, kana kuti zvakangofanana neyakagarwa 4.0-litre.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti turbocharged injini inogona kumhanya chero kubva padiki 2.0 litres kusvika kune ane simba mana marita nekuda kwekumanikidzwa induction.

Saka inyaya yediki injini mafuta ehupfumi yekutyaira zvinyoro uye hombe injini simba paunenge uchida.

Kuchenjera kwakadii ikoko?

Sezvinofanirwa neinjiniya sirivheri bullet, iyo turbocharger pachayo ine hungwaru. Kana injini ichimhanya, magasi ekupedza simba anopfuura nepakati peturbine, zvichiita kuti itenderere nekumhanya kunoshamisa - kazhinji pakati pe75,000 ne150,000 nguva paminiti.

Iyo turbine inosungirirwa kumhepo compressor, zvinoreva kuti kukurumidza kutenderera kweturbine, iyo inokurumidza kutenderera kompressor, ichiyamwa mweya mutsva nekuimanikidza kupinda muinjini.

Iyo turbo inoshanda pachiyero chinotsvedza, zvichienderana nekuti unodzvanya sei gasi pedal. Pakuita zvisina basa, hapana gasi rekupedza simba rakakwana kuti turbine ikwire kune chero kukurumidza kunoreva, asi paunenge uchimhanyisa, turbine inotenderera kumusoro uye inopa kusimudzira.

Kana ukasunda nerutsoka rwako rworudyi, mamwe magasi anopedza simba anogadzirwa, ayo anomanikidza kuwanda kwemweya mutsva mumasilinda.

Saka chii chiri kubata?

Pane, hongu, zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei tese tisingatyairi mota dzine turbocharged kwemakore, kutanga nekuoma.

Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, kuvaka chimwe chinhu chinogona kutenderera pa150,000 RPM zuva nezuva kwemakore pasina kuputika hakusi nyore, uye zvinoda zvikamu zvinodhura.

Turbines inodawo mafuta akazvipira uye mvura, izvo zvinoisa zvakanyanya kushushikana painjini yekuzora uye kutonhora masisitimu.

Sezvo mweya uri muturbocharger uchipisa, vagadziri vaifanirawo kuisa maintercoolers kudzikisa tembiricha yemhepo inopinda mucylinder. Mhepo inopisa haina kusimba kupfuura mhepo inotonhora, ichiramba mabhenefiti eturbocharger uye inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa uye kupfupika kwemafuta / mhepo musanganiswa.

Kutadza kwakanyanya kwakashata kwe turbocharging, hongu, inozivikanwa sekunonoka. Sezvakataurwa, unofanirwa kukurumidzira uye kugadzira kupera simba kuti turbo itange kuburitsa zvine musoro kumanikidza, izvo zvaireva kuti mota dzekutanga turbo dzaive senge yakanonoka switch - hapana, hapana, hapana, ZVINHU ZVOSE.

Kufambira mberi kwakasiyana-siyana muturbo tekinoroji yakadzora yakaipisisa yemaitiro anononoka kufamba ekutanga turbocharged Saabs nePorsches, kusanganisira inogadzirika vanes mu turbine inofamba zvichibva pakumanikidzwa kwemhepo, uye kureruka, kuderera-kukwesha zvinhu kuderedza inertia.

Nhanho inonyanya kunakidza yekumberi muturbocharging inogona kuwanikwa - ingangoita izvozvi - muF1 racers, uko mota diki yemagetsi inochengeta turbo ichitenderera, ichideredza nguva yainotora kuitenderedza.

Saizvozvo, muWorld Rally Championship, sisitimu inozivikanwa sekuti-anti-lag inorasa musanganiswa wemhepo/mafuta zvakananga mukubuditsa pamberi peturbocharger. Exhaust yakawanda kupisa kunoita kuti iputika kunyangwe isina spark plug, kugadzira magasi emhepo uye kuchengetedza turbocharger ichifashaira.

Asi zvakadini ne turbodiesel?

Kana zvasvika kune turbocharging, madhiziri rudzi rwakakosha. Iyi inyaya yeruoko mune ruoko, nekuti pasina kumanikidzwa induction, injini dzedhiziri dzaisazombove dzakajairwa sezvadziri.

Sezvingatarisirwa madhiziri anogona kupa yakadzikama-yekupedzisira torque, asi ndipo panoperera matarenda avo. Nekudaro, nekumanikidzwa induction, madhiziri anogona kukwirisa torque yavo uye kunakidzwa nemabhenefiti akafanana neawo peturu.

Injini dzedhiziri dzakavakwa naTonka Tough kubata mitoro yakakura uye tembiricha iri mukati, zvichireva kuti vanogona kubata nyore kudzvanywa kweturbo.

Ese injini dzedhiziri - dzinoshuvira uye dzakakwirisa - dzinoshanda nekupisa mafuta mumhepo yakawandisa mune inonzi yakaonda combustion system.

Iyo chete nguva yakasikwa inoshuvira injini dzedhiziri dzinouya padyo ne "yakanaka" musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta emafuta anenge akazara kana majekiseni emafuta akavhurika.

Nekuda kwekuti mafuta edhiziri haanyanye kudzikama pane peturu, painopiswa pasina mweya wakawanda, chitsama chakakura chesoot, inozivikanwawo sedhiziri particulates, inogadzirwa. Nokuzadza silinda nemhepo, turbodiesels inogona kudzivirira dambudziko iri.

Saka nepo turbocharging iri kuvandudzwa kunoshamisa kweinjini dzepeturu, flip yayo yechokwadi inochengetedza injini yedhiziri kubva pakuva chisaririra chehutsi. Kunyange zvazvo "Dieselgate" chero ipi zvayo inogona kuita kuti izvi zviitike.

Iwe unonzwa sei nezvenyaya yekuti maturbocharger anowana nzira yawo mumotokari dzinenge dzese dzine mavhiri mana? Tiudze mumashoko ari pasi apa.