Chii chinonzi turbocharged mota injini?

Turbocharged injini

Turbo injini. Basa rekuwedzera injini simba uye torque ragara rakakosha. Simba reinjini rakanangana nekutamiswa kwemasilinda uye huwandu hwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa wakapihwa kwavari. Ndiko kuti, iyo yakawanda mafuta inopisa mumasilinda, iyo yakawanda simba inogadzirwa nemagetsi unit. Zvisinei, mhinduro iri nyore ndeyokuwedzera injini simba. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushanda kwayo kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwezviyero uye uremu hwechimiro. Huwandu hweiyo inopihwa inoshanda musanganiswa inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwe crankshaft. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuitwa kwemamwe matenderedzwa ebasa mumasilinda pachikamu chenguva. Asi pachava nezvinetso zvakakomba zvine chokuita nekuwedzera kwemasimba e inertia uye kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwemagetsi emagetsi pazvikamu zvechikwata chemagetsi, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuderedza hupenyu hwejini.

Turbo injini inoshanda

Nzira inoshanda kwazvo mune ino mamiriro isimba. Fungidzira kurova sitiroko yeinjini yemukati yemoto. Injini, ichiri kushanda sepombi, zvakare haina basa. Nzira yemhepo ine firita yemhepo, yekudyira manifold bhendi, uye injini dzepeturu zvakare dzine vharuvhu yekupwanya. Zvese izvi, hongu, zvinoderedza kuzadza humburumbira. Kuti uwedzere kumanikidza kumusoro kwevhavha yekudyiwa, yakawanda mweya inoiswa musilinda. Kudzoreredza kunovandudza mutero mutsva mumasirinda, izvo zvinovabvumira kupisa mafuta akawanda mumasirinda uye nekudaro vanowana mamwe enjini simba. Mhando nhatu dzekuwedzera dzinoshandiswa mune injini yemukati yemoto. Resonance iyo inoshandisa iyo kinetic simba remhepo vhoriyamu mune yekudyiwa manifolds. Mune ino kesi, hapana kumwe kwekuchaja / kukurudzira kunodiwa. Mechanical, mune iyi vhezheni iyo compressor inotyairwa nemota bhandi.

Gesi turbine kana turbo injini

Gesi turbine kana turbocharger, iyo turbine inotyairwa nekuyerera kwekudzimisa gasi. Nzira yega yega ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, zvinoona iyo ndima yekushandisa. Kudya kwemunhu kwakawanda. Kuti uwane zvirinyore kuzadza humburumbira, kumanikidza pamberi pevhavha yekudyira kunofanira kuwedzerwa. Zvichakadaro, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya hakuwanzo kudikanwa. Izvo zvakaringana kusimudza iyo panguva yekuvhara vharuvhu uye kurodha imwezve chikamu chemhepo muiri humburumbira. Zvenguva pfupi-yekumanikidza kuvaka-kumusoro, yekumanikidza wave iyo inofamba ichitevedza iyo yakawanda yekudyira kana injini iri kumhanya yakanaka. Zvakaringana kuverenga hurefu hwepayipi pachayo kuitira kuti masaisa aratidzike kanoverengeka kubva kumagumo kunosvika muvhavha panguva yakakodzera. Dzidziso yacho yakapusa, asi kuitiswa kwayo kunoda hunyanzvi hwakawanda. Iyo vharuvhu haivhure pane akasiyana crankshaft kumhanya uye saka shandisa iyo resonant yekuwedzeredza mhedzisiro.

Turbo injini - simba rine simba

Iine yakawanda yekudya yakawanda, injini inoita zvirinani pakakwirira revs. Ipo pane yakaderera kumhanya, nzira refu yekukweva inoshanda zvakanyanya. Yakareba yakareba inlet pombi inogona kugadzirwa munzira mbiri. Either nekubatanidza resonance chamber, kana nekuchinjira kune yaunoda yekuisa chiteshi kana kuibatanidza. Iyo yekupedzisira inonzi zvakare simba rakasimba. Resonant uye ine simba kumanikidza kunogona kumhanyisa kuyerera kwemhepo yekudyira shongwe. Iwo ekuwedzeredza mhedzisiro anokonzerwa nekuchinja-shanduka mumhepo kuyerera kumanikidza kubva pa5 kusvika 20 mbar. Kana uchienzanisa, ne turbocharger kana meinjini yekuwedzera, iwe unogona kuwana kukosha mune iyo 750 kusvika 1200 mbar renji. Kuti upedze iyo pikicha, ziva kuti kuchine inertial gudzazwi. Imomo chinhu chikuru chekugadzira yakanyanya kumanikidza kumusoro kwevhavha ndiyo yakanyanya-kumanikidza musoro wekuyerera mune yekupinda pombi.

Kuwedzera simba reiyo turbo injini

Izvi zvinopa kuwedzera kudiki kwesimba pakumhanya kwakakwira pamusoro pemakiromita zana nemakumi mana paawa. Inonyanya kushandiswa pamidhudhudhu. Mechina yekuzadza inobvumidza iri nyore nzira yekuwedzera zvakanyanya injini simba. Nekutyaira injini yakananga kubva kuinjini crankshaft, iyo compressor inokwanisa kupomba mweya mukati memasilinda pasina kunonoka padiki kumhanya, ichiwedzera iyo yekuwedzera kumanikidza mukuomerera kuenderana neinjini kumhanya. Asi ivo zvakare vane zvipingaidzo. Ivo kudzikisira kushanda kwemukati wemoto injini. Nekuti mamwe emagetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi anoshandiswa kutyaira iwo. Mechanical kumanikidza masystem anotora yakawanda nzvimbo uye inoda yakakosha actuator. Nguva yebhanhire kana gearbox iri kuita ruzha rukuru. Mechina mafirita. Kune maviri marudzi eanogadzira machena. Volumetric uye centrifugal. Chaizvoizvo mafirita ekuzadza maRoot magengenerator uye Lysholm compressor. Dhizaini Roots yakafanana nepombi yemafuta.

Turbo injini maficha

Iyo yakasarudzika yedhizaini iyi ndeyekuti mhepo haina kudzvanywa mu supercharger, asi kunze mupombi, ichipinda munzvimbo iri pakati peimba uye rotor. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa imari shoma yekuwana. Hazvina mhosva kuti zvikamu zvekuzadza zvakagadziriswa sei, kana imwe dzvinyiriro inosvika, mweya unotanga kuyerera uchidzoka, uchideredza kushanda kwegadziriro. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurwa. Wedzera kumhanya kwe rotor kana kuita iyo supercharger maviri kana matatu matanho. Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera iwo ekupedzisira kukosha kune inogamuchirwa nhanho, asi akawanda-matanho madhizaini haana mukana wavo mukuru - compactness. Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekusaenzana kubudiswa kwechibuda, sezvo mhepo inopiwa muzvikamu. Madhizaini emazuva ano anoshandisa matriangular swivel mechanisms, uye mahwindo ekupinda nekubuda ane mativi matatu muchimiro. Kutenda kune aya matekiniki, mabhaibheri makuru akapotsa abvisa iyo pulsating maitiro.

Turbo injini yekuisa

Yakadzika rotor kumhanya uye nekudaro kusimba, pamwe chete neakaderera ruzha mazinga, zvakakonzera mune anozivikanwa mabrandi akadai saDaimlerChrysler, Ford naGeneral Motors nerupo vachigadzirira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Misha yekuwedzeredza inowedzera simba uye torque curves pasina kuchinja chimiro chavo. Iwo atove anoshanda pazasi kusvika pakati kumhanya uye izvi zvinonyanya kuratidza kukurumidza kwemasimba. Dambudziko chete nderekuti masisitimu akadaro anonyanya kufarira kugadzira nekuisa, zvinoreva kuti anodhura. Imwe nzira yekuwedzera panguva imwe chete kumanikidza kwemhepo mune yakawanda yekudyira yakakurudzirwa nainjiniya Lisholm. Dhizaini yeiyo Lysholm fittings ingango fanana neyeyakajairika nyama yekukuya. Mamwe mapombi ekuwedzera epuru akaiswa mukati meimba. Inotenderera nenzira dzakasiyana, inotora chikamu chemhepo, inoitsimbirira uye voiisa mumasirinda.

Turbo injini - kugadzirisa

Iyi sisitimu inoratidzirwa nekumanikidza kwemukati uye kushomeka kurasikirwa nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakatemerwa chaizvo. Uye zvakare, iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza inoshanda pane ingangoita iyo yese injini kumhanya renji. Yakanyarara, yakaomesesa, asi inodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetseka kwekugadzira. Nekudaro, ivo havasi vanoregeredzwa neakadai masisitimu ekugadzirisa akadai seAMG kana Kleemann. Centrifugal fillers yakafanana mukugadzira kune turbocharger. Kuwedzeredza kumanikidza mune yakawanda yekudyara zvakare inogadzira iyo compressor vhiri. Iwo radial blade anotora uye anosundira mhepo kutenderedza tunnel vachishandisa centrifugal simba. Musiyano kubva kuTurbocharger unongori mumotokari. Centrifugal blower vane zvakafanana, kunyange zvisingaonekwe zvishoma, inertial hurema. Asi pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Muchokwadi, iko kumanikidzwa kunogadzirwa kwakaenzana nepamhepo kumhanya kwecompressor vhiri.

Turbo injini

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inofanirwa kutenderera nekuchimbidzika kwazvo kuitira kuti ipombi inodhadha mutero wemweya muma cylinders. Dzimwe nguva kagumi injini inomhanya. Inoshanda centrifugal fan pane yakakwira kumhanya. Mechanical centrifuges ishoma mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye yakasimba kupfuura gasi centrifuges. Nekuti vanoshanda pakadzika tembiricha. Izvo zviri nyore uye, nekudaro, yakaderera mutengo wedhizaini yavo yawana mukurumbira mumunda weamateur tuning. Injini inotonhorera. Iyo yemuchina kuwandisa kudzora redunhu iri nyore nyore. Pamutoro uzere, yekuvhara yekuvhara yakavharwa uye kudzipwa kwakavhurika. Yese kuyerera kwemweya kunoenda kune injini. Pakati pechikamu-mutoro mashandiro, vharuvhu shavhavha inovhara uye pombi damper inovhura. Mhepo yakawandisa inodzoserwa kune inopinza inlet. Iyo inotonhorera yekuchaja inotonhorera mweya chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kwete kwete chete mechina, asiwo gasi turbine yekuwedzera masisitimu.

Turbocharged injini kushanda

Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inotonhodzwa-batwa mune inotonhorera usati wapinzwa muzvigadzirwa zveinjini. Nekugadzira kwayo, iyi radiator yakajairika, iyo inotonhorera pamwe nekuyerera kwemweya wekutora kana nechinotonhora. Kuderedza tembiricha yemhepo yakachaji nemadhigirii gumi zvinoita kuti ikwanise kuwedzera huwandu hwayo neinenge 10%. Izvi, zvakare, zvinobvumira iyo injini simba kuti iwedzerwe neinenge yakafanana muzana. Injini yeTurbocharger. Turbocharger anonyanya kushandiswa muinjini dzemotokari dzazvino. Muchokwadi, iyi yakafanana centrifugal compressor, asi iine rakasiyana dhiraivha wedunhu. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, pamwe musiyano wakasarudzika pakati pemachine supercharger uye turbocharging. Iyo ndiyo cheni yekutyaira iyo inonyanya kugadzirisa hunhu uye mashandisirwo ezvirongwa zvakasiyana.

Turbo injini zvinobatsira

Kune turbocharger, iyo impeller iri pane imwechete shaft seye impeller, turbine. Iyo inovakwa mukati meinjini chiutsi chakasiyana uye inotyairwa nemweya wekubuda. Iyo inomhanya inogona kupfuura 200 rpm. Iko hakuna kuwirirana kwakanangana neinjini crankshaft uye iyo yemhepo inopa inodzorwa neiyo yekuzadza gasi kumanikidza. Zvakanakira turbocharger zvinosanganisira. Kuvandudza kugona kweinjini uye hupfumi. Iyo yemagetsi dhiraivhu inotora simba kubva kuinjini, iyo imwechete inoshandisa simba kubva kuneta, nekudaro kugona kunowedzerwa. Usavhiringidze injini yakanangana uye nekugona kwese Nomuzvarirwo, kushanda kweinjini ine simba rakawedzera nekuda kwekushandisa turbocharger inoda mafuta akawanda kupfuura iyo yakafanana injini ine yakaderera simba ine yakasikwa aspirator.

Turbo injini simba

Muchokwadi, kuzadzwa kwemasilindiri nemhepo kunovandudzwa, sezvatinoyeuka, kuitira kupisa mafuta akawanda mavari. Asi chidimbu chakakura chemafuta pauniti yemagetsi paawa yeinjini inoshongedzerwa nesero remafuta rinogara rakaderera pane iro dhizaini yakafanana yeyuniti ine simba isina kukwidziridzwa. Iyo turbocharger inokutendera iwe kuti uwane iyo yakatarwa hunhu hweyuniti yemagetsi ine diki saizi uye huremu. Kupfuura nenyaya yekushandisa injini yakasarudzika. Uye zvakare, iyo turbo injini ine yakanakisa kuita kwezvakatipoteredza. Iko kumanikidza mukamuri yemoto kunotungamira mukudzikira kwetembiricha uye, semhedzisiro, kuderera mukuumbwa kwe nitrogen oxides. Kana mafuta epeturu achiwedzera mafuta, huni yakakwana yemafuta inowanikwa, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu epashure. Mune injini dzedhiziri, kuwedzerwa kwemhepo kunokubvumira kusundira miganhu yekuonekwa kweutsi, i.e. kurwisa kubudiswa kwesosi inodzika.

Diesel turbo injini

Dhiziri zvakanyanya kukodzera kuwedzera mune zvakajairika uye kuturbocharging kunyanya. Kusiyana neinjini dzepeturu, uko kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kunogumira nenjodzi yekugogodza, ivo havazive nezvechiitiko ichi. Injini yedhiziri inogona kumanikidzwa kusvika kune yakanyanya kunetsekana michina munzira dzayo. Uye zvakare, kushomeka kwekutora mweya unopinza uye iyo yakanyanya compression ratio inopa yakanyanya kupera mweya gasi kumanikidza uye kwakadzika tembiricha zvichienzaniswa neepeturu injini. Turbocharger zviri nyore kugadzira, iyo inobhadhara nezvakawanda zvakasarudzika zvakashata. Pakumhanya kwepasi kweinjini, huwandu hwemagasi ekudzikisa hwakaderera, uye nekudaro iko kompressor kunyatsoshanda kwakaderera. Uye zvakare, injini ine turbocharged kazhinji ine inonzi Turboyama.

Ceramic simbi turbo rotor

Dambudziko guru nderokupisa kwepamusoro kwemagasi ekupedza. Ceramic metal turbine rotor inenge 20% yakareruka pane iyo yakagadzirwa kubva kumagetsi asingasviki kupisa. Uye zvakare ine yakaderera nguva inertia. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, hupenyu hwechigadzirwa chose hwaive hwakaganhurirwa kuhupenyu hwemusasa. Aive makwenzi-akaita kunge crankshaft aive akazorwa nemafuta akadzvanywa. Kupfeka kwemabhengi akajairwa akadaro, hongu, kwakakura, asi mabhengi akatenderera aisakwanisa kumira nekumhanya kwakakura uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Mhinduro yacho yakawanikwa pazvaikwanisika kugadzira mabhengi ane ceramic balls. Kushandiswa kwekeramics, zvisinei, hazvishamisi, mabheji anozadzwa nekugara kunowanikwa kwemafuta. Kubvisa kukanganisa kwe turbocharger kunobvumira kwete chete kuderedza inertia ye rotor. Asi zvakare kushandiswa kwekuwedzera, dzimwe nguva kwakaomarara kunowedzera kudzvanya kudzora maseketi.

Mashandiro anoita turbo injini

Iwo makuru mabasa mune ino kesi ndeyekuderedza kumanikidza kune yakakwira injini kumhanya uye kuiwedzera pane yakaderera. Matambudziko ese anogona kugadziriswa zvakakwana neiyo inoshanduka geometry turbine, kusiana kamwene turbine. Semuenzaniso, nemashizha anotakurika, iwo ma parameter ayo anogona kuchinjika pamusoro pehupamhi hwakawanda. Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo VNT turbocharger ndeye kukwidziridza kuyerera kwemweya wekudzimisa wakanangiswa kune turbine vhiri. Pakumhanya kwakaderera kweinjini uye mavhoriyamu epasi ekudzimisa, iyo VNT turbocharger inotungamira iyo yose yekuyerera kuyerera kune vhiri remhepo. Nekudaro, kuwedzera simba rayo uye kuwedzera kumanikidza. Pakumhanya kwakanyanya uye nemhepo yakakwira kuyerera, iyo VNT turbocharger inochengeta iwo anofamba mashizha akavhurika. Kuwedzera nzvimbo inochinjika-chikamu uye kuburitsa mamwe magasi ekudzimisa kubva kumhepo.

Turbo injini yekudzivirira

Kuwedzeredzwa kudzivirirwa uye kuwedzera kumanikidza padanho rinodiwa reinjini, kubviswa kwakawanda. Mukuwedzera kune imwechete yekuwedzera masisitimu, maviri-masitepisheni ekuwedzera anowanzoitika. Chikamu chekutanga, icho chinotyaira iyo compressor, inopa zvinowedzeresa kusimudzira pane yakaderera injini kumhanya Uye yechipiri, iyo turbocharger, inoshandisa simba remagasi ekudzimisa. Panongosvika simba remagetsi kumhanya inokwana kuita zvakajairika turbine, iyo compressor inozvivhara yega, uye kana ikawa, inotangazve. Vazhinji vagadziri vanoisa maviri turbocharger painjini dzavo kamwechete. Masystem akadaro anonzi biturbo kana mapatya-turbo. Iko hakuna musiyano wakakosha pakati pavo, kunze kwekusiyana. Biturbo inofungidzira kushandiswa kwema turbine emadhayamita akasiyana, uye nekudaro mashandiro acho. Uye zvakare, iyo algorithm yekubatanidzwa kwavo inogona kunge iri yakafanana kana yakateerana.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi turbocharging? Kuwedzera kutsva kwemhepo muhumburumbira kunovimbisa kupisa kuri nani kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa, iyo inowedzera injini simba.

Chii chinonzi turbocharged injini inorevei? Mukugadzirwa kwechikwata chesimba chakadaro, pane nzira inopa kuwedzera kuyerera kwemweya mutsva mumasilinda. Nokuda kweizvi, turbocharger kana turbine inoshandiswa.

Ko turbocharging inoshanda sei pamotokari? Iwo exhaust magasi anotenderedza turbine impeller. Kune imwe mugumo we shaft, kune yekumanikidza impeller yakaiswa mune yekudyara manifold.