Saka kusava nematuro ikoko kunopera

Vacuum inzvimbo iyo, kunyangwe ukasazviona, zvakawanda zvinoitika. Zvisinei, kuti tinyatsoona kuti chii chaizvo chinodiwa isimba rakawanda zvokuti kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura zvaiita sezvisingabviri kuti masayendisiti atarise munyika yezvimedu. Apo vamwe vanhu vanomira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hazvibviri kuti vamwe vavakurudzire kuedza.

Zvinoenderana neiyo quantum dzidziso, nzvimbo isina chinhu yakazadzwa neayo chaiwo zvidimbu zvinotenderera pakati pekuve nekusiri-kuva. Ivo zvakare havaonekwe zvachose - kunze kwekunge isu taive nechimwe chinhu chine simba chekuvawana.

“Kazhinji, kana vanhu vachitaura nezvevacuum, vanenge vachireva chimwe chinhu chisina zvachose,” akadaro nyanzvi yefizikisi inonzi Mattias Marklund weChalmers University of Technology muGothenburg, Sweden, mumagazini yaJanuary yeNewScientist.

Zvinoitika kuti laser inogona kuratidza kuti haisi iyo isina chinhu zvachose.

Electron mupfungwa yenhamba

Virtual particles ipfungwa yemasvomhu mu quantum field theories. Iwo zvidimbu zvemuviri zvinoratidzira huvepo hwavo kuburikidza nekudyidzana, asi zvichityora musimboti wegoko rehuwandu.

Virtual particles inoonekwa mumabasa aRichard Feynman. Maererano nedzidziso yake, chidimbu chega chega chemuviri chiri chokwadi mubatanidzwa wezvimedu. Erekitironi yemuviri ichokwadi erekitironi rinoburitsa mafotoni chaiwo, ayo anoora kuita mapeya erekitironi-positron, ayo anopindirana nemafotoni chaiwo - zvichingodaro nekusingaperi. Erekitironi "yemuviri" inzira inoenderera mberi yekudyidzana pakati pema electrons, positron, photons, uye pamwe zvimwe zvikamu. Izvo "chokwadi" cheelectron ipfungwa yenhamba. Hazvibviri kutaura kuti ndeipi chikamu cheseti iyi ichokwadi. Zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti huwandu hwemhosva dzezvikamu zvese izvi zvinokonzeresa kubhadharisa maerekitironi (kureva, kutaura zviri nyore, panofanira kuva nerekitironi rimwe chete rinopfuura kune mapositrons) uye kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwemaerekitironi. zvidimbu zvese zvinogadzira huwandu hweerekitironi.

Electron-positron pairs inoumbwa muvacuum. Chero chipi nechipi chine chaji yakanaka, semuenzaniso proton, inokwezva maerekitironi aya uye inodzinga positron (nerubatsiro rwemafotoni chaiwo). Chiitiko ichi chinonzi vacuum polarization. Electron-positron pairs inotenderedzwa neproton

vanoumba madiki dipoles anoshandura munda weproton nemunda wavo wemagetsi. Kuchaja kwemagetsi kweproton yatinoyera naizvozvo haisi yeproton pachayo, asi yehurongwa hwose, kusanganisira mapeya chaiwo.

Laser mune vacuum

Chikonzero chatinotenda kuti ma particles ariko anodzokera kunheyo dze quantum electrodynamics (QED), bazi refizikisi rinoedza kutsanangura kusangana kwemafotoni nemaerekitironi. Sezvo dzidziso iyi yakatangwa muna 30s, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzanga dzichinetseka kuti dzoita sei nedambudziko rezvikamu zvinodikanwa nemasvomhu asi zvisingaonekwe, kunzwika kana kunzwika.

QED inoratidza kuti nedzidziso, kana tikagadzira munda wemagetsi wakasimba zvakakwana, ipapo maerekitironi anoperekedza (kana kuti kugadzira conglomerate yenhamba inonzi electron) acharatidza kuvepo kwavo uye zvinokwanisika kuaona. Simba rinodiwa pane izvi rinofanira kusvika nekupfuura muganhu unozivikanwa seShwinger muganhu, kunze kweiyo, sezvainoratidzwa nenzira yekufananidzira, vacuum inorasikirwa nezvinhu zvayo zvekare uye inorega kuva "isina chinhu". Nei zvisiri nyore kudaro? Maererano nekufungidzira, huwandu hunodiwa hwesimba hunofanira kunge hwakakwana sesimba rose rinogadzirwa nemasimba ose emiti munyika - mamwe mabhiriyoni nguva.

Chinhu chacho chinoita sechisingagoneki. Sezvazvinoitika, zvisinei, kwete hazvo kana munhu akashandisa nzira yelaser yeakanyanya-pfupi, akanyanya-kusimba optical pulses, akagadziridzwa muma80s nevahwina Mubairo weNobel wegore rapfuura, Gérard Mourou naDonna Strickland. Mourou pachake akataura pachena kuti masimba egiga-, tera-, uye kunyange petawatt anowanikwa mune aya laser supershots anogadzira mukana wekupwanya vacuum. Mafungiro ake akaiswa muchirongwa cheExtreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), chinotsigirwa nemari yeEurope uye chakagadziridzwa muRomania. Kune maviri 10-petawatt lasers pedyo neBucharest ayo masayendisiti anoda kushandisa kukunda Schwinger muganhu.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe tikakwanisa kutyora masimba masimba, mhedzisiro - uye izvo zvinozopedzisira zvaonekwa nemeso efizikisi - zvinoramba zvisina chokwadi. Panyaya yezvimedu zvimedu, nzira yekutsvagisa inotanga kutadza, uye maverengero haasisina musoro. Kuverenga kwakapusa kunoratidzawo kuti maviri ELI lasers anoburitsa yakawandisa simba. Kunyangwe mabundle mana akasanganiswa achiri kakapetwa ka10 pane zvakakodzera. Nekudaro, masayendisiti haaore moyo neizvi, nekuti vanofunga iyi mashiripiti muganho kwete wakapinza-muganho, asi zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo yekuchinja. Saka vanoshuvira mamwe madhiri mhedzisiro kunyangwe nediki dosi resimba.

Vatsvagiri vane mazano akasiyana ekuti vangasimbisa sei matanda elaser. Imwe yacho ipfungwa yechienzi yekuratidzira nekukudza magirazi anofamba nekumhanya kwechiedza. Dzimwe pfungwa dzinosanganisira kukwidziridza mapango nekurovera matanda ephoton nemagetsi emagetsi, kana kubonderana kwemalaser matanda, ayo anonzi masayendisiti epaChinese Station of Extreme Light research centre muShanghai anonzi anoda kuita. Kudhumhana kukuru kwemafotoni kana maerekitironi ipfungwa nyowani uye inonakidza inofanirwa kucherechedzwa.