Dai simba rive newe nemidziyo yako. Wireless charger

Akakurumbira Nikola Tesla aive akabatikana nepfungwa imwe. Aifungidzira kuti magetsi aigona kufambiswa pasina wireya, nemhepo mudenga madaro marefu, kana kuti neshongwe dzakarongwa mumambure (1). Hazvisi zvese zvakafamba maererano nehurongwa, sezvo chiono chake chaishandisa simba rakawandisa. Zvido zvaTesla hazvina kuitika, asi dzidziso yacho pachayo haina kurambwa.

Pepa rakaburitswa muna Ndira 2021 mujenari Nature rakakurudzira kuti vaigona kuvaka nekusaziva izvo Tesla akatadza kuvaka pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX - "wireless magetsi grid" inogona kuchinjirwa kuchaja. midziyo mumotokari, mudzimba. , mabasa nemafekitari.

Nekuti 5G inotsamira pane yakaomesesa network yemasts uye antennas, zvinogoneka kuti zvivakwa zvakafanana, zvine mashoma ekugadzirisa, zvinogona kuendesa simba kumidziyo midiki. Nekudaro, iyo sisitimu icharamba ichitambura nedambudziko rimwechete iro shongwe dzeTesla - kurasikirwa kukuru kwesimba.

Yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe, inogona kutakura zvese zveinternet uye magetsi. Zviyedzo zvakashandisa mhando nyowani dzeantenna kufambisa kuchaja isina waya. Murabhoritari, vaongorori vakashandisa 5G zvinongedzo kufambisa simba pamusoro pechinhambwe chipfupi chinodarika mamita maviri, asi vanotarisira kuti vhezheni inotevera yemudziyo wavo unokwanisa kufambisa 6 microwatts (6 miriyoni yewatt) pachinhambwe che. 180 mamita. Izvi hazvisati zvakwana. Hazvina kukwana kuchaja foni yako. Nekudaro, inogona kuchaja kana simba IoT zvishandiso, masensa uye maaramu. Mumafekitori, mazana eIoT sensors anogona kushandiswa kutarisa matura, kufanotaura kuputsika kwemidziyo, kana kuronda mafambiro ezvikamu pamutsara wekugadzira.

Kupa Wireless simba padanho iri, misa 5G dzinofanirwa kunge dzinenge 31 kW, iyo inoenderana nemaketeni gumi emvura inoramba ichifashaira. Kunyangwe kutya kuti 5G inogona kukonzera gomarara kwakaderedzwa nemasaenzi, huwandu hwesimba hunobva kumasts hunogona kuve nengozi. Vashandisi vanofanirwa kunge vari kure nemamita gumi nematanhatu kubva kune masts zvinoenderana nemirairo yekuchengetedza. Hunyanzvi uhu huchangotanga.

Zvinogoneka mune ramangwana mhinduro, kana chete antenna itsva ane matanda madiki uye akanyanya kutarisisa anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa kumhanyisa system. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, boka revasayendisiti kubva kuGeorgia Institute of Technology rakagadzira diki, 3D yakadhindwa rectifier antennaiyo inogona kuunganidza magetsi emagetsi e5G network masiginecha uye woishandisa kumagetsi zvishandiso. Iyo antenna inochinjika, iyo dhizaini yakavakirwa pamalenzi eRothman, inogona kuunganidza mamirimita masaisa mu28 GHz bhendi. Simba remagetsi emagetsi inoendeswa kune charger uye inofambiswa zvisina waya kune, semuenzaniso, inotakurika zvemagetsi kana IoT module.

Mhinduro dzakafanana nedzatsanangurwa pamusoro apa dziri kutoedzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi rose. Powerco, yechipiri pakukura muparidzi wemagetsi muNew Zealand iri kuyedza Emrod system, iyo inoshandisa rectennas inobata masaisai mumagetsi emagetsi anoenderana nemafrequency akadai seWi-Fi kana Bluetooth, uyezve kutumira microwave simba remagetsi kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe (2). Panguva imwecheteyo, ma lasers madiki anotarisisa antenna anogadzirisa kuti aone chero zvipingamupinyi pakati pemapoinzi ekudzosera. "Takagadzira tekinoroji yekufambisa magetsi pasina waya pamakiromita marefu," anodaro Greg Kushnir, muvambi weEmrod.

2. Kuisa kuenzanisa kweEmrod wireless power transmission system ine inowanzoitika network network

mapurojekiti wireless simba rekufambisa dzinosvika kunze munzvimbo dzakatokura. Sezvazvakazoitika munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvisinganzwisisike Mini shuttle X-37B inoshandiswawo nePentagon kuyedza matekinoroji ekufambisa simba pamusoro pechinhambwe uye kugovera kumidziyo yakasiyana. Iyo X-37B ine ndiro yakakosha ine dhayamita yemasendimita makumi matatu, iyo yakagadzirirwa kushandura simba rezuva kuita microwave simba. Zvinonzi mhedzisiro yePRAM-FX kuyedza yakashamisa zvikuru masayendisiti. Iko kushandiswa kwekushandura kwakanyanya kudarika kunotarisirwa.

Chii chiri chirongwa chePentagon? Mauto anoda kutumira zvisina waya masimba makuru kubva ku orbit kuenda kuPasi uyezve kutenderera pasirese. Kubatsira kweiyi tekinoroji ndeyekuti kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze akashata haatyi. Masayendisiti anoona kushandiswa kwayo kwete chete muzvigadziko paMars kana Mwedzi, apo zvichave zvichibvira kubudisa simba munzvimbo imwe uye wozotumira kune zvigadziko zviri kure, asiwo paNyika, semuenzaniso, kuendesa simba pakati pezvinhu zviri kure.

Iye zvino pentagon iri kuvakwa. chikepe chemuchadenga chinonzi Arachne i Solar system Helios. Ngarava iyi ichave yakashongedzerwa nema plates akakosha ezuva uye hurongwa hwekufambisa simba kune orbiters, pamwe nekuNyika. Chishandiso chinofanirwa kutumirwa muchadenga kutanga kwa2023. Mauto eUS anoronga kuvaka akati wandei mapurazi ezuva muEarth orbit muma20s ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kwazvinogoneka kugadzira simba nekuritumira kuPasi kana kuisirwa nzvimbo yemagetsi nayo.

Mapurazi akafanana achavakwawo mukutenderera kweMwedzi neMars, nekuti NASA inobatanidzwawo muchirongwa ichi.

Induction kana masaisai

Ne "wireless kuchaja" zvinoreva maitiro electric device kuchaja uye midziyo inoshandiswa nebhatiri pasina kudiwa kwekubatanidza magetsi newaya. Kazhinji kutaura, kune marudzi matatu ekuchaja: inductive, resonant, uye radio.

inductive charging inoshandisa chiitiko chemuviri che electromagnetic induction. Kana kuchinjanisa kwazvino kuchipfuura nepakati peiyo induction coil muchiteshi chekuchaja, iyo inofamba yemagetsi charge inogadzira magineti iyo simba rinochinja.

Iyi inotsinhanisa magineti inogadzira inochinjika yemagetsi mune induction coil yechishandiso chekuchaja, iyo inozopfuura nepainogadzirisa. Iyo yakananga ikozvino inochaja bhatiri kana inopa simba rekushandisa. Iyo pfungwa yekuchaja inductive yakatanga kuongororwa neChirungu physicist Michael Faraday muna 1831 uyezve yakakwenenzverwa naNikola Tesla.

Nekure iyo inonyanya kufarirwa application yerudzi urwu rwetekinoroji munyika ndeye Qi isina waya yekuchaja chiyero chemafoni, smartwatches uye mahwendefa (3). Kuchaja inductive kunoshandiswawo mumotokari, maturusi emagetsi, mabhurasho emagetsi emagetsi, uye midziyo yekurapa. Midziyo inotakurika inogona kuiswa padhuze nechiteshi chekuchaja kana induction hob pasina kudiwa kwekumisikidzwa chaiko kana kubata magetsi nechiteshi chekuchaja kana plug.

3. Wireless charger

Marefu madaro pakati peanotumira uye anogashira coils anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa resonant inductive coupling mune inductive kuchaja system umo capacitor inowedzerwa kune yega inductor kuti igadzire maseketi maviri pane yakatarwa resonant frequency. AC frequency match resonant frequencyuye izvi zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nedaro rinodiwa pakuita kwakanyanya.

Imwe yemakambani ane mukurumbira muindasitiri iyi ndeye kutanga WiTricity inozivikanwa neyayo isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji yakavakirwa pamagetsi resonance. Mhinduro dzekambani dzinosanganisira vanotumira uye vanogamuchira zvavanazvo magnetic antennas yakarongedzwa kune imwechete frequency, ichibvumira chikuva kubhadharisa akawanda maturusi panguva imwe chete.

Chinangwa chikuru cheWiTricity ndechekushongedza mota dzemagetsi neiyi system. WiTricity yakabatana neToyota, iyo yakaedza mats ekuchaja paPrius hybrids, pamwe neHonda, Hyundai, Nissan, neGM. Nekudaro, iyo chete 2018 BMW 530e iPerformance 2018e ndiyo yaive yekutanga modhi ine iyi system kurova pamusika.

Chaja isina waya Nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzakange dzatoratidza nhoroondo yekudzokera kunguva yaTesla. Inobva pane imwe nheyo yemuviri - kuendeswa kwesimba nemagetsi emagetsi. Ikozvino inoshanda mumabhendi emagetsi mashoma, kunyangwe basa rekusimudzira richiri kuenderera mberi.

Muna 2015, wireless microwave tekinoroji yaigona kufambisa 1,8 kilowatts emagetsi pachinhambwe chemamita makumi mashanu neshanu. Uyezve, izvi hazvina kuitika muvacuum, asi mumhepo yakajairika yePasi. Izvi zvakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi veJapan uye zvakaonekwa sekubudirira kukuru mumunda wekufambisa simba pasina kushandiswa kwetambo dzemagetsi. MuJapan, tsvakiridzo yave kuenderera mberi pamusoro pekufambiswa kwemagetsi pasina waya pamakiromita marefu kwemakore mazhinji. Kune zvakare anozivikanwa zvirongwa zvekuwana simba kubva kuZuva nerubatsiro rwehukuru purazi re solar muchadenga.

Patents uye zviyero

Mazhinji eanopfuura mazana mashanu emvumo munzvimbo ino akamirira muna 2019-20 ari kuChina - 401 (4). Ehe, makambani eAmerica akadai seQualcomm neApple ari kusimudzirawo. hutsva husina waya hwekuchaja tekinoroji. MuSouth Korea, Samsung neLG vari kushanda nesimba munzvimbo ino nemafoni avo eGreen S neV akatevedzana, anotsigira kuchaja pasina waya. MuJapan, kune rumwe rutivi, nzira iyi inofadza kune hofori dzemotokari Toyota neNissan.

4. Nyika dzinotungamira muhuwandu hwematendi mumunda wekuchaja isina waya

Nekudaro, kuti kuchaja isina waya kupararira, zviyero zvepasi rose zvinodiwa zvakare. Mumakore achangopfuura, maviri mawaya ekuchaja zviyero akabuda - Qi uye Power Matters Alliance (PMA).

Qi inoshandisa huwandu hwe100…205 kHz. Zvinoenderana neWireless Power Consortium, pari zvino pane 3700 Qi-yakatemerwa michina pamusika inokwanisa kuendesa 5 kusvika kugumi neshanu watts esimba kune nharembozha.

Iyo PMA yekuchaja chiyero inoshandisa iyo 277…357 kHz renji. Iyo inozivikanwawo seye AirFuel Alliance chiyero, iyi isina waya sarudzo inopa kusvika kumamirimita makumi mashanu emagetsi, ichikubvumira kushandisa midziyo yako uchichaja uye inobvumidza iwe kuchaja michina yakawanda panguva imwe chete.

Kunyangwe zvese izvi zviyero zvinoshandisa inductive charging uye vane chimiro chakafanana chechikamu, hazvienderane. Zvishandiso zvinoda zvigadziriso zvakasiyana kutsigira PMA neQi. Midziyo mitsva mizhinji inosanganisira Hardware inodiwa kushandisa ese ekuchaja zviyero. Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchinja sezvo Qi inoratidzika kunge iri kutora. Semuenzaniso, Powermat, nhengo yekutanga yePMA consortium, iri kuenda kuQi standard, iyo yakagamuchirwawo neApple seyero yekuchaja isina waya. Vamwe vanotungamira vagadziri veQi vanosanganisira Apple, Asus, HTC, LG Electronics, Motorola Mobility, Nokia, NuCurrent, Samsung, BlackBerry, Xiaomi, uye Sony.

Mukutsvaga zviri nyore, kuita uye kuvimbika

Ngatitarisei mhinduro dziripo pamusika kana dzichangobva kugadzirwa. Vagadziri vanoedza kuita kuti rudzi urwu rwemudziyo ruve nyore kushandisa. Muenzaniso ungava Shipyard Countertops, mumwe wevanotungamira vanogadzira countertop muUK, inopa nzira yekubatanidza isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji pamusoro pemakaunda avo. Iyi yakapusa uye inoshanda modular sisitimu inoshandisa yakajairwa SupaPowa Qi transmitter iyo inobvumira ikozvino kuyerera pakati peiyo transmitter coil uye inogamuchira coil iri padyo.

Iyo yemazuva ano uye yakashongedzwa tafura yepamusoro inopenya kana mudziyo uchichajwa. Mugadziri wacho anopawo kuisa dhisiki yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pane countertop, nekuda kwekuti nzvimbo yekuchaja inonyatsooneka kune vese vashandisi: masikati neusiku.

Aira's "FreePower" system inogona kubatanidzwa mumadhesiki, madhesiki uye madhibhodhi kuti azvishandure kuita majaja anokwanisa kugonesa akawanda maturusi panguva imwe chete. Machaja ekufonera anewo nzvimbo yakadzikama yekutendeukaiyo inofanirwa kuenderana neiyo smartphone kuitira kuichaja. Aira-powered nzvimbo dzinoshandisa akawanda coils pamusoro uye algorithms inochengeta track yemidziyo iri kuchajwa.

Energous 'WattUp(5) isina waya yekuchaja system inobvumira vashandisi kubhadharisa mafoni, mahwendefa uye zvimwe zvishandiso munzvimbo imwechete nepuratifomu. WattUp inoshanda zvakafanana neWiTricity (magnetic resonance imaging), asi inosiyana neyekutanga Boston pakuti mupepeti anoshandisa Bluetooth kutsvaga michina inogona kuchajwa uchishandisa Energous app.

Imwe yeakakurumbira mumusika wepasi rose ndeye Powermat tekinoroji (6), inonzi SmartInducitve, yakavakirwa pamagineti induction, inobvumira kufambiswa kwesimba pamusoro pemadaro marefu, kusvika masendimita makumi mana, inotsigira kuchaja isina waya nekuchinja kwakakosha (kunyangwe yakamira pakona), uye yakakodzera kuchaja uye kugonesa midziyo isina waya kuburikidza nemadziro. , kure, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekunze, pasi pemvura uye kunyange munzvimbo dzine hupamhi hwesimbi.

Nekudaro, Elix Wireless inogadzira majaja emagetsi akakwira kubva pa1 kusvika 000 20 W kune chero application uye zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri. Iyo kambani inoshanda mu "magnetodynamic coupling" (MDC), iyo inoshandisa magineti anotenderera mune ese ari maviri transmitter uye anogamuchira, akaparadzaniswa nemhepo gap. Kutenderera kwemagineti muchikamu chekutapurirana kunoita kuti magineti iri muinogamuchira itenderere musynchrony, ichipa kufambisa kwesimba kwakanaka kunoburitsa kupisa kushoma pane dzimwe nzira dzekupinza.

Kuenzaniswa nemhinduro dzese dzinotsanangurwa pano, chigadzirwa cheBeam chinosiyana pakuti chinoshandisa ultrasound pakuchaja. Zvinoenderana netsananguro yekambani iyi tekinoroji, chikuva chinoshanda neruzha-senge transmitter inoburitsa yakakwira-frequency ruzha muhuwandu hwe45 kusvika 75 kHz (inonzwika kuvanhu nemhuka). Inobva yashandisa antenna yakaganhurwa kutumira ruzha kune maikorofoni-senge inogamuchira yakaiswa pachigadzirwa chinoda simba. Next ultrasonic wave simba yakashandurwa kuita yakananga ikozvino. Kana mudziyo uchichaja, kufambisa kwemagetsi kunokanganiswa.

Ngwarira miviri yevatorwa

Pasinei nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa, nzira dzekuchaja dziri kushandiswa pari zvino mukuita dzichiri kuunza matambudziko mazhinji. Sezvakataurwa mune imwe nyaya ichangoburwa muThe New York Times, kuchaja iPhone XR neApple's 12-watt wired charger kwakawedzera huwandu hwebhatiri ne38 muzana mumaminetsi makumi matatu, asi kushandisa chiteshi chekuchaja isina waya kwehafu yeawa kwakangoburitsa 30 muzana yekuchaja.

Saka chigumisiro chacho hachinakidzi zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, iyo inosvika kure iyo inogamuchira kubva kune inotumira, iyo shoma simba iyo ichagamuchira kubva kune iyo sosi. simba remagineti. Kuchaja kushanda zvakanaka kunoderera kwete chete nekuwedzera chinhambwe, asiwo nekuda kweiyo "isina-optimal" chinzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, nzira dzose dzekufambisa simba dzinobudisa kupisa. Wireless kuchaja haisi nani, uye mune dzimwe nguva inogona kunetsa, pane kuchaja tambo.

W isina waya charger unofanirwa kuchenjerera zvinhu zvekunze zviri pedyo necoil, kunyanya kana zvakagadzirwa nesimbi. Semuenzaniso, coin kana seti yemakiyi akaiswa netsaona pajaja anogona kutanga kutamisa simba, zvichigona kunyungudusa chinhu nekukuvadza charger. Kune, hongu, zvishandiso zvinoratidzira kana zvinhu zvekunze zviri pazvisingafanirwe kunge zviri, asi, sezvaungafungidzira, zvinodhura zvisingasviki pane zvakajairwa.

Simba kubva kumhepo yakatetepa rinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rebhatiri rako

Hondo yekuvandudza avo vasati vashamisira iri kuwedzera Wireless charger marongero. Makambani ari kutsvaga nzira dzekuita kuti nzira yekuchaja iyo smartphone ive nyore, kuitira kuti foni haifanirwe kunge iri padyo nemagetsi kana kuti yakanyatso mira panzvimbo yekuchaja. Muna 2019, kambani yeChinese OPPO yakapa Reno Ace mafoni emhando dzaishanda ne65W isina waya charger, iyo yakabvumira bhatiri kuchajwa kusvika zana muzana.

mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu. Kubva ipapo, kukwikwidza kweyepamusoro waya yekuchaja huwandu hwakaenderera. Muna 30, VIVO neXiaomi vakazivisa tekinoroji yekuchaja 2020W iyo inogona kuchaja 120mAh bhatiri mumaminetsi makumi maviri. Nekudaro, michina iyi haisati yave kuwanikwa pamusika, sezvakaita Xiaomi yakaziviswa 4000-watt system.

Kutanga kwa2021 nhevedzano yezviratidziro zvehurefu hwekuchaja masisitimu enharembozha "isina waya uye chero mastand ekuchaja." OPPO yakaratidza mhinduro yayo kekutanga. Muvhidhiyo yedemo, tinogona kuona kuti foni inochaja isina waya, kunyangwe ichibviswa pachigadziko chayo. Nguva pfupi yapfuura iyi mharidzo, maChinese kubva kuXiaomi akazivisa iyo Mi Air Charge system. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, kare muna Kukadzi, Motorola yakaita kuratidzira chiteshi chekuchaja chiri kure inonzi "Motorola One Hyper" (7). Uye kambani yeJapan Aeterlink yakafumura mudziyo weAirplug wainoti unogona kugonesa midziyo inosvika makumi maviri kubva kure.

7. Mharidzo yeMotorola One Hyper system yekuchaja makamera kubva chinhambwe chingangoita mita

Muna Kurume, Xiaomi yakaratidza zvimwe zvakawanda nezve nzira yayo yekuchaja yenguva refu. Charger yayo ine antennas inokwanisa kuona pamire smartphone. Phase Kudzora Matrix ine 144 antennas inofambisa mamilimita masaisai zvakananga kurunhare kuburikidza nekupenya. Iyo yekugamuchira antenna array yegumi nemana antenna inoshandura millimeter wave chiratidzo kuita magetsi, iyo inochaja foni.

Iyo kambani yakati "munguva pfupi iri kutevera" sisitimu iyi ichakwanisawo kushanda nemawachi akangwara, zvishongo uye zvimwe zvingapfekwa. Kana iri iyo smartphone, Xiaomi yakagadzira "signal antenna" uye "dummy kugamuchira antenna". Yekutanga inotumira ruzivo nezve nzvimbo.

Imwe yeasina waya yekuchaja mazano kureba isina waya chargeriyo inopindirwa pachigadziko chemwenje. Ichi chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa nekambani yeIsrael Wi-Charge. Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwechiedza che infrared kufambisa simba remawatts maviri. Iyo kambani yakaratidza maitiro kuCES 2020 uye yakahwina mubairo wehunyanzvi. Pfungwa nderekuti iyo transmitter ichave yakabatana kune echinyakare edzimba magetsi masosi uye inoshandura magetsi kuita infrared laser matanda. Vanogamuchira vakavakirwa mumidziyo vanoshandura mwenje uyu kuita sosi yemagetsi. Wi-Charge parizvino iri kuburitsa mhinduro yayo yekuchaja kure kure makamera ekuchengetedza uye masherufu akangwara muzvitoro zveUS uye matura.

Kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopfekwa zvakambobatsirwa nekuchaja isina waya, ingave panetiweki senge 5G kana imwe isingamire tekinoroji, mabhatiri anogona kudzikiswa muhukuru, uye mune dzimwe nguva zvachose. . Izvi zvinogadzirisa akawanda ematambudziko ayo chikamu chekupfeka chakatarisana nacho nhasi.