Bhizinesi nzvimbo. Mari yakamirira muchadenga, ingovhura roketi

Kunyange mungano dzesainzi, tinowana mienzaniso yendege dzomuchadenga umo fungidziro inopindirana nekutengeserana. Mubhuku raHG Wells ra1901 rinonzi The First Men in the Moon, VaBedford vane makaro vanongofunga nezvegoridhe romwedzi, vachipikisana nechinzvimbo chesaenzi chemumwe wavo. Nekudaro, iyo bhizinesi pfungwa yakagara yakabatana nepfungwa yekuongorora nzvimbo.

1. Iridium satellite foni

Indasitiri yemuchadenga yepasi rose parizvino yakakosheswa madhora mazana matatu nemakumi mana emadhora. Masangano ezvemari kubva kuGoldman Sachs kuenda kuMorgan Stanley anofanotaura kukosha kwaro kuchakwira kusvika kumadhora 340 tiririyoni kana kupfuura mumakumi maviri emakore anotevera. Upfumi hwemuchadenga huri munzira yakafanana neshanduko yeInternet: sezvakangoita panguva yedot-com, hunhu hwakajeka hweSilicon Valley uye yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka venture capital ecosystem yakagadzira musanganiswa unoputika uchiputika nemazano matsva ebhizinesi, ndizvo zvakaitawo kutanga kwakavakirwa. pamabhirioni akajeka akadai saElon Musk's SpaceX kana Blue Origin naJeff Bezos. Ivo vese vakaita hupfumi hwavo panguva ye com boom makumi maviri emakore apfuura.

Kufanana nemakambani eInternet, bhizinesi remuchadenga rakasanganawo ne "balloon puncture". Mukutanga kwezana ramakore, geostationary orbit yakafanana nenzvimbo yekupaka pasi penhandare inotambwa fainari yeChampions League. Kufambira mberi kweInternet kwakakurisa uye kwakakanganisa rinenge rose rekutanga indasitiri yemuchadenga. Iridium Satellite Phone System (1) kutungamira.

2. Microsatellite yeCubeSats mhando

3. Space industry brands - list

kubva kuBessemer Venture Partners

Makore mashoma apfuura, uye bhizimusi remuchadenga rakatanga kudzoka mune rimwe fungu. akamuka SpaceX, Elon Musk, uye ruzhinji rwekutanga-ups yakatarisana zvakanyanya neiyo micro-communication satellite, inozivikanwawo se. masathelaiti (2). Makore gare gare, nzvimbo inonzi yakavhurika bhizinesi (3).

Tiri kupinda munguva itsva apo iyo yakazvimirira chikamu inopa yakachipa uye yakavimbika kuwana nzvimbo. Izvi zvinogona kuvhura nzira kune mabhizinesi matsva nemaindasitiri akadai semahotera anotenderera uye migodhi yeasteroid. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekushambadza kwenzira dzekutangisa spacecraft, satellite, uye miripo, uye munguva pfupi, pamwe, vanhu. Sekureva kwemushumo wekambani yekudyara Space Angels, rekodhi yemari yakaiswa mumakambani akazvimirira ega gore rapfuura. 120 makambani ekudyara mhando, iyo inoshandura mumari muhuwandu hwe3,9 mabhiriyoni emadhora. Muchokwadi, iro bhizinesi remuchadenga rinoitwawo pasi rose uye rinoitwa nemasangano mazhinji ari kunze kwenzvimbo yechinyakare nzvimbo masimba, i.e.

Musika unoramba uchizivikanwa pane weUS musika Chinese space startups. Zvinogona kuita kune vamwe kuti nyaya yekuongorora nzvimbo iri mumaoko ehurumende zvachose. Haisi chokwadi. Kune zvakare makambani emuchadenga akazvimirira. SpaceNews nguva pfupi yadarika yakashuma kuti maChinese maviri ekutanga akabudirira kuyedza uye kuratidza maroketi sehwaro hwemotokari dzinotanga kushandiswa zvakare. Sekureva kweReuters, zvakasarudzwa kuvhura iyo diki satellite musika kumakambani akazvimirira kumashure muna 2014, uye semhedzisiro, angangoita gumi neshanu SpaceX ekutanga akagadzirwa.

Chinese space startup LinkSpace yakatanga roketi yayo yekutanga muna Kubvumbi RLV-T5, huremu hunopfuura matani 1,5 chete. Inozivikanwawo se NewLine-1Maererano neSpaceNews, muna 2021 ichaedza kuisa 200-kilogram payload muorbit.

Imwe kambani, pamwe yakanyanya kufambira mberi muindasitiri Iyo kambani Beijing LandSpace Technology Limited (LandSpace), nguva pfupi yadarika yakapedza bvunzo yakabudirira yegumi-tani Phoenix roketi injini kumvura oksijeni / methane. Maererano neChina zvinyorwa, ZQ-2 ichakwanisa kuburitsa matani 1,5 emubhadharo mu500 km synchronous solar orbit kana 3600 kg mune 200 km yakaderera pasi orbit. Mamwe maChinese nzvimbo ekutanga anosanganisira OneSpace, iSpace, ExPace - kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira ichitsigirwa zvakanyanya nebazi rehurumende CASIC uye inongoramba iri bhizinesi rakazvimiririra.

Chikamu chakakura chakazvimiririra chemuchadenga chiri kubudawo muJapan. Mumwedzi ichangopfuura kambani Interstellar Technologies yakaunzwa zvakanaka muchadenga Rocket MOMO-3, iyo yakapfuura nyore nyore inonzi Karman line (100 km pamusoro pegungwa). Chinangwa chikuru cheInterstellar ndechekuipinza muorbit nechidimbu chemutengo wehurumende. JAXA Agency.

Kufunga kwebhizinesi, kana kutema mutengo, kunotungamira kumhedzisiro yekuti kuita zvese paPasi uye nekuvhura maroketi kunodhura uye kwakaoma. Saka patova nemakambani anotora nzira yakasiyana. Vanoedza kuburitsa muchadenga zvavanokwanisa.

Muenzaniso ndewe Yakagadzirwa mudenga, iyo inoitisa zviedzo paInternational Space Station nekugadzira zvikamu uchishandisa 3D kudhinda. Zvishandiso, zvigadziriso uye zvishandiso zvekurapa zvevashandi zvinogona kugadzirwa pakukumbira. Zvakanakira kuchinjika kukuru Oraz zviri nani inventory management pa. Mukuwedzera, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa munzvimbo. zvakanyanya kushanda kupfuura paPasi, semuenzaniso, pure optical fibers. Mukuona kwakafara havafanire kutakura zvakare. zvimwe zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, nekuti zvinowanzove zviripo. Simbi dzinogona kuwanikwa muma asteroids, uye mvura yekugadzira roketi mafuta inogona kutowanikwa muchimiro chechando pamapuraneti nemwedzi.

Izvi zvakakoshawo kune bhizinesi remuchadenga. kuderedza njodzi. Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa neBank of America, rimwe rematambudziko makuru ragara riripo akatadza kupotsera zvombo. Nekudaro, kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore re0,79, ndege dzemuchadenga dzave dzakachengeteka. Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, 50% chete yezvirongwa zvevanhu zvakakundikana. Muna 2016, mamishini mana kubva mashanu haana kubudirira, uye muna 5, chikamu chemakambani emuchadenga chakawira kusvika paXNUMX%.

Chikoro Chekuderedza Noise

Nepo maroketi matsva nezvitundumuseremusere zvinomiririra chikamu chidiki chete, chisiri chikamu chikuru, chemari yese yeindasitiri yemuchadenga - zvichienzaniswa nemasevhisi esatellite akadai seterevhizheni, Broadband uye kuona kwePasi, kutangwa kweroketi kunoshamisa kunogara kuchinyanya kunakidza. Uye kuti uite mari yakawanda, unoda manzwiro, kushambadzira flash uye varaidzo, iyo inonzwisiswa zvakanaka nemukuru ambotaurwa we SpaceX, Elon Musk. Naizvozvo, mukubhururuka kwekuyedza, mukuru wake Falcon Heavy zvombo akatumira muchadenga kwete kapule inofinha, asi Tesla Roadster mota nemuzivi wemuchadenga "Starman" pavhiri, zvese kumumhanzi David Bowie.

Iye zvino ari kuzivisa kuti achatumira vanhu vaviri mukutenderera nemwedzi, yekutanga-yakavanzika yendege yemuchadenga munhoroondo. Yekutanga, yakafanana neMask, yakasarudzwa kune iyi mishoni, Yusaku Maedzawa, aifanira kubhadhara mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora ekubhadhara chigaro mubhodhi. Ichi chikamu chekutanga. Zvakadaro, sezvo mari yese yekutumwa ichifungidzirwa kumadhora mabhiriyoni mashanu, imwe mari ichadikanwa. Izvi zvinogona kunetsa sezvo Maezawa anga achitumira masaini nguva pfupi yadarika kuti haana zvekushandisa. Izvi zvimwe ndosaka kubhururuka kweMwedzi zvine ruzha kusingazoitike mumakore mashoma anotevera. Mubvunzo ndewokuti, zvine basa here? Mushure mezvose, kushambadzira uye kushambadzira carousel iri kutenderera.

Musk zviri pachena kubva kuchikoro chebhizinesi rekudzikisa ruzha. Kusiyana nemukwikwidzi wayo mukuru, Jeff Bezos, muvambi weAmazon uye space company Blue Origin. Uyu anoita seanotevera mumwe mutemo wekare webhizinesi: "Mari inoda kunyarara." Hazvigoneke kuti chero ani zvake akanzwa nezvezvakataurwa naMusk kuti achatumira vanhu zana panguva mukuona kwakanaka. Nyeredzi. Zvisinganyanyozivikanwa, zvakadaro, chirongwa cheBlue Origin chekupa vashanyi matikiti emaminetsi gumi nerimwe gore rino. inobhururuka kusvika kumucheto kwechadenga. Uye ndiani anoziva kana zvichave zvechokwadi mumwedzi mishoma.

zvisinei SpaceX ine chimwe chinhu icho Bezos asina. Icho chikamu chehurongwa hwemotokari yeNASA (kunyangwe Bezos akazopedzisira ashanda nesangano padiki diki).. Muna 2014, Boeing uye SpaceX vakagamuchira maodha kubva kuNASA's Commerce Crew Chirongwa. Boeing yakapa $4,2 bhiriyoni yekusimudzira Capsules CST-100 Starliner (4) uye SpaceX yakaita mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana matanhatu emadhora kubva kumunhu Dragon. NASA yakataura panguva iyo chinangwa chaive chekuvhura imwe yacho mukupera kwa2017. Sezvatinoziva, tichiri kumirira kushandiswa.

4. Capsule Boeing CST-100 Starliner ine vashandi vari mubhodhi - kuona

Kunonoka, dzimwe nguva kwakareba, kwakajairika muindasitiri yemuchadenga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa kwete chete nekuoma kwehunyanzvi uye hutsva hwemagadzirirwo, asiwo kune yakanyanya kuoma mamiriro ekushanda enzvimbo tekinoroji. Mapurojekiti mazhinji haaitwe zvachose, nekuti anovhiringwa nekuda kwematambudziko anomuka. Nokudaro, mazuva ekutanga achachinjwa. Unofanira kuzvijaira.

Boeing, semuenzaniso, yakaronga kubhururuka kuenda kuInternational ISS mune yayo CST-2018 capsule muna Nyamavhuvhu 100, iyo yaizoenderana neSpaceX Demo-1 ndege munaKurume wegore rino (5). Nekudaro, muna Chikumi apfuura, dambudziko rakamuka panguva yekuyedzwa kweStarliner starter mota. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, vakuru veBoeing vakazivisa kuti kambani iyi yaimisa bvunzo, inozivikanwa seOrbital (OFT), kusvika mukupera kwa2018 kana kutanga kwa2019. OFT yakakurumidza kumisikidzwa zvakare, kuna Kurume 2019, uyezve kuna Kubvumbi, Chivabvu, uye pakupedzisira Nyamavhuvhu. Iyo kambani ichiri kuronga kuita ndege yayo yekutanga bvunzo kuenda kuISS gore rino, vakuru vakuru vakadaro.

5. Kubviswa kwe Dragon Crew capsule kubva mugungwa mushure mekuedza kwaMarch.

Nekudaro, SpaceX's crew capsule yakatambura tsaona yakaipa panguva yekuyedzwa kwevhu muna Kubvumbi wegore rino. Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi chakanga chisingadi kubudiswa pachena, pashure pemazuva mashomanana zvakava pachena kuti izvi zvakanga zvaitika. Kuputika uye kuparadzwa kweshato. , sezviri pachena akajairana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, akataura kuti kukura kunosuruvarisa uku kunopa mukana wekuita kuti Dhiragoni ine vanhu ive nani uye kuchengeteka.

"Ndizvo zvinoedza," mukuru weNASA Jim Bridenstine akadaro mukutaura. "Tichadzidza, toita gadziridzo dzinodiwa, uye toenda kumberi zvakachengeteka nechirongwa chedu chezvokutengeserana chemuchadenga."

Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kureva kumwe kunonoka munguva yeDhiragoni 2 (Demo-2) bvunzo, iyo yakarongerwa Chikunguru 2019. kuyerera uye kwete kuputika. Sezvazvakazoitika muna Chivabvu, kune matambudziko nekushanda kwakakodzera kweDragon 100 parachute, saka zvese zvinogona kunonoka. Zvakanaka, ibhizinesi.

Nekudaro, hapana anobvunza kugona uye kugona kweSpaceX kana Boeing. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, Muska yave imwe yeanonyanya kushanda uye ane hunyanzvi makambani emuchadenga munyika. Muna 2018 chete, yakaita makumi maviri nerimwe ekutanga, angangoita makumi maviri muzana ezvese zvakatangwa pasirese. Anofadzawo nezvaakawana zvakaita sehunyanzvi hweruzivo rwemichina kudzorerwa kwezvikamu zvikuru zve rocket pavhu rakaoma (6) kana mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe. Kudzokororwa kushandiswa kwezvombo zvinokandwa kwakakosha zvikuru mukuderedza mutengo wekupfura kunotevera. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kubvumwa kuti kekutanga kumhara kwakabudirira kweroketi mushure mekubhururuka kwakaitwa kwete neSpaceX, asi neBlue Origin (diki New Shepard).

6. Kumhara zvikamu zvikuru zveFalcon Space X rocket

Iyo hombe vhezheni yeMusk's main Falcon Heavy rocket - inozivikanwa kuve yatoyedzwa-ndege - inokwanisa kuburitsa matani anopfuura makumi matanhatu mupasi pasi orbit. Kudonha kwekupedzisira, Musk akafumura dhizaini yeroketi rakakura. Big Falcon Rocket (BFR), inonyatso shandiswa zvakare kuvhura mota uye spacecraft system yakagadzirirwa ramangwana reMartian mishoni.

MunaNovember 2018, yechipiri chinzvimbo uye ngarava yakatumidzwa zita naElon Musk kune yambotaurwa Starship (7), nepo yekutanga chinzvimbo ichinzi. super heavy. Iyo payload kuPasi orbit ingangoita zana matani muBFR. Pane mazano kuti Starship-Super Inorema yakaoma inogona kukwanisa kuburitsa matani zana nemakumi mashanu kana kupfuura muLEO (yakaderera Earth orbit), inova rekodhi rekodhi kwete pakati pezviripo chete, asiwo maroketi akarongwa. Yekutanga orbital ndege yeBFR yakatanga kurongerwa 150.

7. Kuonekwa kwechikwata cheStarship kubva kuBig Falcon rocket.

The yakachengeteka muchadenga

Kuita kwaJeff Bezos bhizinesi naye hakuna kunaka zvakanyanya. Pasi pechibvumirano, Blue Origin yayo ichavandudza nekugadzirisa Test Stand 4670 paMarshall Space Flight Center muHuntsville, Alabama, kuti ikwanise kuyedza ikoko. Rocket injini BE-3U uye BE-4. Nzvimbo 1965, yakavakwa muna 4670, yakashanda sehwaro hwebasa Saturn V achimhanya yechirongwa cheApollo.

Bezos ine maviri-nhanho bvunzo chirongwa che2021. Rockets New Glenn (zita rinobva ku John Glenn, muAmerica wekutanga kutenderera Pasi), anokwanisa kupinza matani makumi mana neshanu pasi peEarth orbit. Chikamu chayo chekutanga chakagadzirirwa kukwira mugungwa uye kushandiswazve kusvika ka45 nguva.

Blue Origin yapedza kuvaka fekitori itsva ye70 sqm. m², yakagadzirirwa kugadzira maroketi aya, iri padyo neKennedy Space Center muFlorida. Zvibvumirano zvakatosainwa nevatengi vakati wandei vekutengesa vanofarira New Glenn. Ichafambiswa neinjini yeBE-4, iyo kambani inotengeserawo kuUnited Launch Alliance (ULA), Lockheed Martin neBoeing kambani yakavambwa muna 2006 kushandira vatengi vehurumende yeUS nekutangisa mihoro munzvimbo. Gumiguru apfuura, ese ari maviri Blue Origin neULA vakagamuchira makondirakiti kubva kuUS Air Force kutsigira kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzavo dzekutangisa.

New Glenn inovaka pane chiitiko cheBlue Origin neNew Shepard (8) suborbital "tourist" craft, yakatumidzwa zita Alan Shepard, wekutanga muAmerica mudenga (pfupi suborbital ndege, 1961). Ndiyo New Shepard, ine zvigaro zvevatanhatu, inogona kunge iri motokari yekutanga yevashanyi kusvika munzvimbo gore rino, zvisinei ... izvo hazvina chokwadi.

Jeff Bezos akadaro pamusangano weWired25 Gumiguru apfuura. -

Elon Musk anozivikanwa nekusimudzira pfungwa yekugadzira vanhu "Multiplanetary civilization". Zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezve mapurojekiti ake emwedzi uye Martian. Zvichakadaro, musoro weBlue Origin unotaura - uye zvakare: zvakanyanya kunyarara - chete nezveMwedzi. Kambani yake yakazvipira kusimudzira mwedzi inogara. Blue Moon kuitira kuendesa zvinotakura uye, pakupedzisira, vanhu kunzvimbo yemwedzi. Zvinogoneka kuti ichaunzwa uye kuverengerwa mumakwikwi eNASA kune vanoenda kumwedzi.

Orbital kugamuchira vaeni?

Colored maonero ekushanya kwemuchadenga vangaunza zvipikirwa zvakawandisa pakutongwa. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika kuSpace Adventures, iyo yakamhan'arirwa namuzvinabhizimisi wekuAustria uye mutambi Harald McPike kuti adzoserwe mari yechibatiso chemadhora mamiriyoni manomwe yakabhadharwa zvigaro pamusangano weSoyuz pamwedzi. Nekudaro, izvi hazvimise vatengesi vanotevera vekunze kwevashanyi vekunze.

Kambani yeAmerica Orion Span, yakavakirwa muHouston, iri kushanda purojekiti yemuchadenga, semuenzaniso, yainotsanangura se "yekutanga hotera yepamusoro munzvimbo"(pfumbamwe). Her Aurora Station inofanira kuvhurwa muna 2021. Chikwata chevaviri chichaperekedza vatengi vanobhadhara nerupo vanopedza pamusoro pePLN 2,5 miriyoni pahusiku, iyo, nezororo remazuva gumi nemaviri, inowedzera kusvika kune yakazara kugara inosvika mamirioni makumi matatu ePLN. Iyo orbital hotera yakagadzirirwa kutenderera Pasi "maminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe ega ega", ichipa "zvisingaverengeki kubuda nekunyura kwezuva" uye maonero asina kuenzana. Rwendo urwu ruchave rwendo rwakadzama, se "chaiye astronaut chiitiko" pane zororo reusimbe.

Vamwe vaoni vakashinga kubva kuGateway Foundation, yakavambwa neaimbove mutyairi wendege John Blinkow uye mugadziri wenzvimbo Tom Spilker, akamboshanda kuJet Propulsion Laboratory, anoda kuvaka. Cosmodrome station. Izvi zvinobvumira zvese kuedza kwesainzi kunoitwa nevenyika masangano emuchadenga uye kushanya kwemuchadenga. Muvhidhiyo yakatsvinda yakatumirwa paYouTube, hwaro hunoratidza hurongwa hwayo hwekuda, kusanganisira Hilton-kirasi space hotera. Nhepfenyuro inofanira kutenderera, zvichida kutevedzera simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi pamatanho akasiyana. Avo vanoshuvira vanopihwa "nhengo" muGedhi uye kutora chikamu muhurongwa hwekudhirowa. Mukudzoka kwemubhadharo wepagore, tinogashira "newsletters", "chiitiko discounts" uye mukana wekuhwina rwendo rwemahara kuenda kuspaceport.

Bigelow Aerospace mapurojekiti anotaridzika zvakati wandei - kunyanya nekuda kwebvunzo dzinoitwa paISS. Anogadzirira vanoshanyira muchadenga flexible modules B330iyo inoora kana "kufuridzira" mudenga. Kuiswa kwemamodule maviri madiki mu orbit kwakawedzera kuvimbika kuzvirongwa zvaRobert Bigelow. Genesisi I uye IIuye, pamusoro pezvose, kuedza kwakabudirira ne BEAM module. Yakagadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji imwechete yakaedzwa paISS kwemakore maviri, uyezve muna 2018 yakagamuchirwa neNASA senge yakazara-yakazara chiteshi module.