Zvinhu gumi zvekutarisa mumotokari yako chando chisati chasvika
Ona kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvemotokari zvinoda kuongororwa kuitira kuti zvive zvakachengeteka kutyaira munguva yechando, uye injini inopisa kunyange muchando chakanyanya.
Chando ndiyo nguva yakaoma zvikuru kune vatyairi. Kurumidza kudonha mambakwedza, nzvimbo inotsvedza uye kunaya kwechando zvinogadzira mamiriro ane njodzi mumigwagwa. Uyezve, chando chinogona kuita kuti motokari yakamira panze isafambe zvakanaka. Saka kuti motokari irege kukundikana uye kutanga injini mangwanani echando, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, kuitira kuti irege kutyisidzira mumugwagwa, inofanira kugadzirirwa zvakanaka panguva ino. Hatigone kutarisa mapfundo mazhinji pasina hunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Zvakanaka kana makanika akaita izvi, semuenzaniso, pakuchinja matayi. Takabvunza vashandi vane ruzivo vezviteshi zvesevhisi zvakati kuti chii chekutarisisa zvakanyanya mukudonha. Isu takasarudza gumi mapoinzi aunoda kutarisa pamotokari pamberi pechando.
Onawo: Matairi echando - nguva yekuchinja, ndeipi yekusarudza, yekurangarira. Guide
1. Bhatiri
Pasina bhatiri rinoshanda, unogona kukanganwa nezvekutanga injini. Saka, nguva yechando isati yasvika, zvakakosha kutarisa mamiriro ekubhadhara kwebhatiri uye simba rayo rekutanga munzvimbo yebasa. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa muyedzo wakakosha. Mechanics anofanirawo kutarisa magetsi emotokari. Bhatiri rinogona kudzima nekuda kwepfupi dunhu mukuiswa, kana alternator inogona kusakwanisa kuichaja uchityaira.
Rangarira kuti pantographs haifanirwe kusiiwa yakabatidzwa husiku: mwenje wemusoro wakanyudzwa kana mwenje weparutivi, redhiyo, mwenje wemukati. Zvadaro zviri nyore kubudisa bhatiri.
Vamwe makanika vanokurudzira kuti mangwanani echando, usati watanga motokari, shandisa bhatiri - batidza chiedza kwemasekonzi mashomanana.
"Muchando chakanyanya -XNUMX degree, unogona kuenda nebhatiri kumba husiku," anodaro Rafal Kulikovsky, chipangamazano webasa kuToyota Dealer, Auto Park muBialystok. - Sezvo tembiricha inodonha, simba remagetsi rebhatiri rinoderera. Kana isu tisingashandisi mota kwenguva yakarebazviri nani chengeta bhatiri nzvimbo inodziya.
Bvisa bhatiri, kutanga ne "-" terminal, uye "+". Batanidza mune reverse order.
Mabhatiri ari kutengeswa pari zvino haana kugadzirisa. Munguva yechando, zvingava zvakanaka kuona kuti chii chinonzi ruvara. ziso remashiripiti riri mune bhatiri kesi. Green zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rachajiwa, dema zvinoreva kuti rinoda kuchajwa, uye chena kana yero zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rinoda kutsiviwa neritsva. Kazhinji unofanira kuitenga makore mana kusvika mashanu. Kana zvikaitika kuti bhatiri harina kubhadharwa, rinofanirwa kubhadharwa nekuibatanidza nechaja.
Kana tine bhatiri rebasa, tinofanira kutarisa chiyero che electrolyte. Isu tinogadzira kukanganisa kwayo nemvura yakasvibiswa.
Onawo: Bhatiri remota - sei kutenga uye riini? Guide
2. Jenareta
Zvakakosha kuyera ikozvino yekuchaja. Iyo alternator inochaja bhatiri uchityaira uye ndiyo inopa simba kana injini iri kushanda. Chiratidzo chinoratidza kusashanda kwejenareta kubatidzwa kwemwenje weyambiro yebhatiri paunenge uchityaira. Ichi chiratidzo kumutyairi kuti ikozvino yabviswa mubhatiri uye haisi kubhadharwa.
Izvo zvakanaka kana nyanzvi ichiongororawo mamiriro eiyo alternator accessory bhandi, inozivikanwawo seV-belt kana multi-groove bhandi, nekuda kwekutsemuka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, inoda kuchinjwa.
Onawo: Starter uye alternator. Mamiriro chaiwo uye mari yekugadzirisa
3. Glow plugs uye spark plugs
Glow plugs anowanikwa mumotokari dzine injini dzedhiziri. Ivo vane basa rekutanga kupisa kamuri yekupisa, uye mushure mekushandura kiyi mukiyi yekudzima, vanotora magetsi kubva mubhatiri nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Havachashandi vachityaira. Nhamba yemapulagi anopenya anoenderana nenhamba yeinjini masilinda. Panzvimbo yebasa, tarisa mamiriro avo nemultimeter, kana vachidziya zvakanaka.
Akapiswa kunze maplugs anopenya anokonzeresa matambudziko kutanga mota yako mukutonhora kwekunze. Zvinogona kuitika kuti tichazotanga injini mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu kwevatangi, kana kuti hatizokwanisi kuzviita zvachose. Kumutswa kwemutyairi kunofanirwa kunge kuri injini isina kuenzana inomhanya nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti imwe kana maviri spark plugs atadza. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira mwenje yeyero coil iyo isingadzimi nguva pfupi mushure mekubatidza kiyi yekubatidza uye mwenje weinjini unouya. Izvo hazvifanirwe kutsiva ese anopenya plugs, anokanganisa chete, nekuti ane hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, anogona kumira kusvika mazana ezviuru zvemakiromita.
Spark plugs anoshandiswa mumotokari dzine injini dzepeturu anotsiviwa mushure mekupera kwemazuva anokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari. Kazhinji iyi mileage ye60 zviuru. km kusvika 120 zviuru zvemakiromita. Ipfungwa yakanaka kuita izvi nguva yechando isati yasvika panguva yekutariswa kwako kana uchitarisira shanduko yespark plug muna Zvita kana Ndira. Tichachengetedza nguva yekushanyira musangano. Kubudirira kwezvikamu izvi hazvidzorwi. Nekudaro, zvinobatsira kuti makanika atarise chinhambwe pakati pemagetsi. Kukanganisa spark plugs kunogona kukonzerwa nematambudziko nekutanga injini, kushanda kwayo kusina kuenzana uye jerking, kunyanya panguva yekukurumidza.
Onawo: Ignition system - musimboti wekushanda, kuchengetedza, kuparara, kugadzirisa. Guide
4. Ignition waya
Rimwe zita ravo ndere high voltage cables. Vanogona kuwanikwa mumotokari dzekare, asi kuchine mota zhinji dzevechiri kuyaruka mumigwagwa yePoland. Mumotokari dzazvino, tambo dzakatsiviwa nemakoiri uye mamodule ekudzora.
Mumatsutso, zvingava zvakanaka kutarisa nemaziso kuti tambo dzinotaridzika sei. Kana yakasakara kana kutsemuka, chinja. Saizvozvo, kana tikaona kuti isu tine kuparara kwazvino kana waya dzanyorova. Kuti utarise mapundu, simudza hood kwasviba kana mugaraji rakasviba. Ehe, neinjini ichimhanya - kana tikaona sparks pawaya, izvi zvinoreva kuti pane puncture.
Waya dzinoendesa kuchaji yemagetsi kune maspark plugs. Kana paine ma punctures, kushomeka kwemagetsi kuchaji kuchaita kuti zviome kutanga dhiraivha. Injini inomhanya zvisina kuenzana uye inodzipwa paunenge uchityaira.
Dzvanya pano kuitira mafoto gallery - 10 zvinhu zvekutarisa mumotokari yako chando chisati chasvika
5. Kumanikidzwa kweTire
Dzinofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva, kamwechete pamavhiki matatu uye imwe neimwe isati yasimuka. Apo tembiricha yemhepo inodonha, kumanikidzwa mumatairi kunoderera. Izvo zvisizvo zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera kupisa uye nekukurumidza uye kusina kuenzana kupfeka matayi. Zvine ngozi zvakare nekuti zvinoita kuti kutyaira kunetse.
- Mhinduro yakanaka ndeyekuputira mavhiri nenitrogen, inochengetedza kudzvanywa kwakakosha kakawanda kupfuura mhepo, anodaro Jacek Baginski, maneja webasa weMazda Gołembiewscy muBiałystok.
Nzira iri nyore yekutarisa kudzvanywa pachiteshi chegesi ndeye compressor. Muchiitiko ichi, mavhiri anofanira kunge achitonhora. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti kudzvanywa kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana mumavhiri ega ega. Ruzivo rwekudzvanywa chaiko kwemota yedu runogona kuwanikwa mukati memafuta ekuzadza mafuta, pane chinonamirwa padivi pembiru yepadivi, mukamuri regirovhosi, kana mubhuku remuridzi wemotokari.
Onawo: Vatyairi havana basa nekumanikidzwa kwetai. Lublin nharaunda ndiyo yakaipisisa
6. Chiedza chekuisa
Kunosviba nekukasira munguva yechando, uye marambi asina kuiswa zvakanaka anogona kuvheneka mugwagwa zvakanaka kana mapofu ekutyaira motokari dziri kuuya. Magetsi ebasa - zviri nani pachiteshi chekuongorora - haafanire kuisirwa nguva yechando isati yasvika, asiwo mushure mekuchinja kwega kwegirobhu.
Kugadziriswa kunoitwa panzvimbo yakati sandara, mota haifanirwe kutakurwa, kudzvanywa mumavhiri kunofanirwa kuve kwakarurama. Zvakakosha kuti makanika kana diagnostician akwanise kunyatsogadzirisa mwenje wemusoro uchishandisa yakakosha yekuyera mudziyo.
Mota zhinji dzinewo gadziriso yemwenje yemusoro. Kugadziriswa nekuchinja pane dashboard kunofanira kuitwa patinenge tichityaira nevatakuri uye mikwende, nokuti kana motokari inotakurwa, mberi kwemotokari kunosimuka.
Onawo: Kutyaira kwakachengeteka husiku - nzira yekugadzirira, yekutarisa
7. Inotonhorera
Zvakakosha kutarisa nzvimbo yayo yechando ne glycometer kuti urege kutonhora. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti radiator iputika.
"Zvigadzirwa zviripo pamusika zvine chando cheminus 35 kana minus 37 degrees Celsius," anodaro Jakub Sosnowski, mumwe muridzi weDiversa kubva kuBiałystok, iyo inotengesa oiri nemvura inoshanda pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. - Kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera chiyero chemvura, zviri nani kukwidza chigadzirwa chakapedzwa, chero icho chiri mutangi chine maparamita akakodzera. Isu tinowedzera concentrate kana tichida kudzoreredza ma parameter aya.
Musiyano uripo pakati pezvinotonhorera uri pahwaro hwazvinogadzirwa: ethylene glycol (kazhinji bhuruu) uye propylene glycol (kazhinji girinhi) uye silicate-isina zvigadzirwa. Yeuka kuti ethylene glycol haienderani nepropylene glycol uye zvakasiyana. Ruvara haruna basa, kuumbwa kunokosha. Iyo inotonhorera inoshandurwa makore matatu kusvika mashanu ega ega.
Onawo: Kutonhora system - kutsiva kwemvura uye tarisa chando chisati chasvika. Guide
8. Wipers uye washer fluid
Iwe unofanirwa kuongorora blade yemisodzi, kucheka, kana mabrasions. Zvadaro chinotsiviwa chinodiwa. Minhenga inodawo kuchinjwa kana ichizhamba uye isingatsungiriri kubvisa mvura kana chando kubva mugirazi, ichisiya mitsetse. Munguva yechando, usashandise wipers pagirazi yakavharwa nechando, nokuti ichakurumidza kuipa. Windshield wipers inofanira kuchinjwa kamwechete pagore.
Summer windshield washer fluid inofanira kutsiviwa nemvura yewachi yechando. Kuti uite izvi, yekutanga inongoda kushandiswa kumusoro. Zviri nani kutenga imwe ine kutonhora kwechando kweinenge minus 20 degrees Celsius. Hunhu hwemvura hune basa. Zviri nani kusashandisa zvinwiwa zvakachipa.
Zvinwiwa zvemhando yakaderera zvinokwanisa kuomesa nechando zvikaita minus ten degrees Celsius. Kana mvura ikaoma pagirazi, hapana chaunokwanisa kuona. Mukuwedzera, kuedza kutanga washers kunogona kuridza fuse kana kutokuvadza pombi yewasher. Frozen fluid inogonawo kukonzera kuti tangi iparare. Zvigadzirwa zvakachipa zvakare zvinowanzova nepamusoro methanol yemukati. Izviwo zvine njodzi kuutano hwemutyairi nevafambi.
A mashanu-litre canister yechando washer fluid inowanzoita 20 PLN.
Onawo: Motokari wipers - kutsiva, mhando, mitengo. Photoguide
9. Kumiswa
Iva nechokwadi chokuti hapana yekutamba mukumiswa uye kutungamira kwemotokari, iyo inogona kukanganisa kubata. Zvakakodzera kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune zvinotyisa zvinotora. Kana dzasakara, nhambwe yokumira inorebesa, zvinova zvine ngozi zvikuru panzvimbo inotsvedza apo motokari inotora nguva yakareba kuti imire. Paunenge uchiisa makona neakapfekwa ekukatyamadza, zvinova nyore kutsvedza uye muviri unozununguka. Pamusoro pazvo, zvinobatisa tsinga zvisina kunaka zvinopfupikisa upenyu hwematai.
Hazvikuvadzi kutarisa kunyorova kwesimba rekuvhunduka kunobata munzira yekuongorora. Inobatsira kuti makanika atarise kana zvidzitiro zvekuvhunduka zvakasimbiswa uye kana mafuta achiyerera kubva kwavari, kana pane imwe yekutamba pamapini ekuvhundutsa.
Paunenge uchiongorora mamiriro ekumiswa, uye kunyanya mushure mekugadzirisa kwayo, zvakakosha kutarisa geometry yayo. Kurongeka kwevhiri kusiri kunobatsira kwete kukurumidza kupera kwematayi, asiwo kugadzikana kwemotokari paunenge uchityaira.
Onawo: Shock absorbers - sei uye nei uchifanira kuvachengeta. Guide
10. Mabhureki
Grzegorz Krul, mukuru weMartom motokari yemotokari muBiałystok, anotiyeuchidza kuti nguva yechando isati yasvika zvakakosha kutarisa kukora kwemapadhi uye mamiriro emabhureki discs. Zvichavawo zvakanaka kutarisa mabhureki hoses - inoshanduka uye simbi. Muchinoitika chekare, unofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti hadzina kukuvadzwa uye kuti hadzisi mungozi yokuvhiringidzwa. Metal, zvakare, inogona kuita ngura. Usakanganwa kutarisa kushanda kwehandbrake.
Panzira yekuongorora, zvakakodzera kutarisa kugoverwa kwesimba rebhureki, kana iri kunyange pakati pekuruboshwe nekurudyi maekisi emotokari. Munguva yechando, simba rebhureki risina kuenzana rinogona kutungamira nyore kune skid. Kana mugwagwa uchitsvedza, motokari inotadza kugadzikana paichamiswa uye inogona kukandwa.
Mumatsutso, makanika anofanirwa kutarisa kunaka kweiyo brake fluid mumotokari yedu.
"Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa mita yakakosha, iyo mvura inotariswa kuti iine mvura," anodaro Tadeusz Winski, mukuru weFiat Polmozbyt Plus sevhisi muBiałystok. -Iri hygroscopic fluid, zvinoreva kuti inotora hunyoro.
Onawo: Brake system - nguva yekuchinja mapadhi, madhisiki uye fluid - gwara
Brake fluid inofanira kuchinjwa makore maviri oga oga. Mvura iri mairi inoderedza kuvira. Inogona kutopisa pasi pemabhureki anorema. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuita kwebhureki kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Mota zhinji dzinoda kushandiswa kweDOT-4 giredhi fluid. Kana isu tichida kukwidziridza mwero wemvura mutangi, yeuka kuwedzera chimwe chigadzirwa chatova mairi. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa chiyero chebrake fluid kamwe chete pamwedzi.
Petr Valchak
