Chii chinokonzera mumota?
Vazhinji varidzi vemotokari vanorangarira kana kudzidza nezve kuvapo kweanoshandura epositi yemotokari chete kana vanzwa mutsara wakadai sekuti "catalyst yako yafa" kubva kune mushandi. Zviri nyore kubata nekusashanda kwakadaro, asi nenzira dzakasiyana siyana.
Iyo contraption, inonzi colloquially inonzi "catalyst", ine zita repamutemo re "Automotive Exhaust Catalytic Converter". Ichi chikamu cheiyo exhaust system yemotokari, inokonzera kubviswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza kuvanhu uye zvakatipoteredza zvakajairika, senge mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa mumasilinda, soot, carbon monoxide CO uye nitrogen oxide NO, mumagasi emhepo. Mune inokonzeresa, zvese izvi zvinhu zvinomanikidzwa mushure mekupiswa, zvichitendeuka kubva kune zvinhu zvisinganyanyi hutsinye kubva kune kemikari maonero: mvura, CO2 uye nitrogen. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekuita kwemakemikari kunoitika pamberi pezvinokonzera - radium, palladium uye platinamu.
Maitiro acho anoitika apo magasi epombi anofamba nepakati pechene-mesh ceramic kana simbi muzinga mukati me "dhiramu" yecatalytic converter, yakaputirwa nealloy yeaya asingawanzo simbi simbi. A car catalyst chikamu chinodhura uye chinogara kwenguva pfupi. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, vashoma vashanduri "vachararama" kweanopfuura 120 km. run. Kazhinji vanokundikana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Ceramic catalysts inogona kudonha pamwero wekukurumidza kana mota inogara ichityairwa pamusoro pemapundu akanyanya. Kubva pakudengenyeka uye kurohwa, madziro matete emizinga anotsemuka uye anotemwa.
Muchiitiko chekuti injini ine matambudziko muhurongwa hwekuzora, cylinder-piston boka kana kupisa, mafuta asina kupiswa uye mafuta kubva mumasilinda avo anopinda mukati meiyo catalyst uye anovhara huchi hwayo ne slag. Inenge mhedzisiro yakafanana inopa rudo rwemuridzi wemota aine kana pasina chikonzero chekutsikirira gasi pedal nzira yese mune chero mamiriro. Iyo yakadonha kana yakavharika catalyst haingoregi kuita basa rayo, asi zvakare inoomesa zvakanyanya kubuda kwemagasi emhepo kubva mujini. Izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kunoonekwa kwesimba reinjini. Chii chekuita neakakundikana catalytic converter?
Chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa ndechekuchitsinhanisa zvakafanana, asi chitsva chete. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kudhura sarudzo. Mitengo yevatsva branded catalytic converters inosvika zviuru makumi mashanu rubles. Naizvozvo, vatyairi vazhinji vanosarudza kutsiva yekare yakavharika catalyst neiyo isiri yepakutanga kana yakajairika modhi yepasirese. Kuisa catalyst inosangana neEuro 4 miyero iri kushanda muRussia ikozvino inodhura nezve 10 rubles. Kana chiyero ichi chichiita sechisingatsungiririki, ipapo pachinzvimbo chechinhu chinokonzeresa, "mbiya" yeanosunga murazvo inosungirirwa mumhepo yekuburitsa uye panguva imwechete iyo injini inodzora unit inorongwa zvakare. Kushanda kwekupedzisira kunokosha kuitira kuti inzwa yeokisijeni mumhepo inopera, ichiratidza kuti iyo catalyst haisi kushanda, haina kuenzana nemagetsi "brains".
