Chiremba Robot - kutanga kwezvokurapa marobhoti

Haifanirwe kunge iri robhoti nyanzvi inodzora ruoko rwaLuke Skywalker, yatakaona muStar Wars (1). Muchina uyu unongoda kuchengeta kambani uye pamwe kufadza vana vanorwara muchipatara (2) - sezviri muchirongwa cheALIZ-E, chakatsigirwa neEuropean Union.

Sechikamu chechirongwa ichi, XNUMX Nao marobhotivakaiswa muchipatara nevana vane chirwere cheshuga. Iwo akarongerwa mabasa ezvekushamwaridzana, akashongedzerwa nekutaura uye hunyanzvi hwekuziva chiso, pamwe neakasiyana mabasa edidactic ane chekuita neruzivo nezvechirwere cheshuga, nzira yacho, zviratidzo uye nzira dzekurapa.

Kunzwira tsitsi sevanorwara muchipatara ipfungwa huru, asi kune mishumo kwese kwese kuti marobhoti ari kutora basa rekurapa chairo. Pakati pavo, semuenzaniso, Veebot, yakagadzirwa neCalifornian kutanga. Basa rake nderekutora ropa kuti riongororwe (3).

Chishandiso ichi chine infrared "chiono" system uye inonongedza kamera patsinga inoenderana. Kana angoiwana, anoiongororazve achishandisa Ultrasound, achitarisa kuti inopinda here muburi retsono. Kana zvinhu zvose zvakanaka, anobaya tsono uye anobudisa ropa.

Iyo yose nzira inotora inenge miniti. Veebot's blood mudziyo kusarudzwa kwakarurama ndeye 83 muzana. Diki? Mukoti anoita izvi nemaoko ane mhedzisiro yakafanana. Mukuwedzera, Veebot inotarisirwa kudarika 90% panguva yekuedzwa kwekliniki.

1. Robot Chiremba kubva kuStar Wars

2. Robhoti rinoperekedza vana muchipatara

Vaifanira kushanda vari muchadenga.

Kuvaka pfungwa marobhoti ekuvhiya etc. PaNASA muma80s uye 90s, makamuri ekushanda ane njere akavakwa kuti ashandiswe semidziyo yezvitundumuseremusere nemabhesi emuchadenga anotora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekuongorora muchadenga.

3. Veebot - robot yekuunganidza uye kuongorora ropa

Kunyangwe zvirongwa zvakavharwa, vaongorori veIntuitive Surgical vakaramba vachishanda pakuvhiya marobhoti, uye makambani akazvimirira akapa mari yavo. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive da Vinci, yakatanga kuunzwa mukupera kwema90s muCalifornia.

Asi kutanga munyika robhoti rekuvhiya yakabvumidzwa uye yakacheneswa kuti ishandiswe muna 1994 neUS Food and Drug Administration yaive irobhoti system AESOP.

Basa rake raive rekubata nekudzikamisa makamera panguva yekuvhiya kusingaite. Yaitevera yaive ZEUS, robhoti rine zvombo zvitatu rinodzorwa raishandiswa mukuvhiya laparoscopic (4), rakafanana nerobhoti reda Vinci raizouya gare gare.

Muna September 2001, paaiva kuNew York, Jacques Maresco, achishandisa ZEUS robhoti yokuvhiya, akabvisa nduru yemurwere ane makore 68 mukiriniki muStrasbourg.

Pamwe iyo yakakosha mukana weZEUS, sevamwe vese robhoti rekuvhiya, pakanga pane kubviswa kwakakwana kwekubvunda kwemaoko kunobata kunyange vanachiremba vane ruzivo uye vakanakisisa munyika.

4. ZEUS robhoti uye control station

Iyo robhoti ndeyechokwadi nekuda kwekushandiswa kwesefa yakakodzera iyo inobvisa kudengenyeka neiyo frequency ye6 Hz, hunhu hwekubata ruoko rwemunhu. Da Vinci (5) ambotaurwa akave nemukurumbira mukutanga kwa1998, boka reFrance parakavhiya kekutanga pasi rose.

Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, kuvhiyiwa pamitral valve kwakabudirira kuitwa, i.e. kuvhiyiwa mukati memwoyo. Zvemushonga panguva iyoyo, ichi chaive chiitiko chakafanana nekumhara kwePathfinder probe pamusoro peMars muna 1997.

Maoko mana aDa Vinci, anoguma nemidziyo, anopinda mumuviri wemurwere kuburikidza nediki diki paganda. Mudziyo wacho unodzorwa nachiremba anovhiya agere pane koni, akashongedzerwa nehunyanzvi hwekuona sisitimu, nekuda kwaanoona nzvimbo inovhiyiwa mumativi matatu, muHD resolution, mumavara echisikigo uye ne 10x magnification.

Iyi nzira yepamusoro inokutendera kuti ubvise zvachose matishu ane chirwere, kunyanya ayo akabatwa nekenza maseru, uye zvakare kuongorora nzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika, senge pelvis kana hwaro hwedehenya.

Vamwe vanachiremba vanogona kuona kuvhiyiwa kwaDa Vinci kunyangwe munzvimbo dziri kure nezviuru zvemakiromita. Izvi zvinobvumira nzira dzakaoma dzekuvhiya kuti dziitwe pachishandiswa ruzivo rwenyanzvi dzinoremekedzwa pasina kuunza mukamuri yekuvhiya.

Mhando dzezvokurapa marobhoti Kuvhiya marobhoti - yavo inonyanya kukosha chimiro chakawedzera kurongeka uye yakabatana yakaderedzwa njodzi yekukanganisa. Basa rekugadzirisa - rinofambisa uye rinotsigira hupenyu hwevanhu vane hutsika husingagumi kana hwenguva pfupi (panguva yekudzorera), pamwe chete nevakaremara uye vakwegura.  

Boka guru rinoshandiswa: kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa (kazhinji pasi pekutariswa kwemurapi, uye nekuzvimiririra nemurwere, kunyanya mu telerehabilitation), kushandura nzvimbo uye kudzidzira pamubhedha (robhoti mibhedha), kuvandudza kufamba (robotic wheelchair kune vakaremara uye exoskeletons), kutarisirwa (marobhoti), rubatsiro nekudzidza uye basa (robhoti nzvimbo dzebasa kana makamuri marobhoti), uye kurapa kwemamwe matambudziko ekuziva (marobhoti ekurapa evana nevakweguru).

Biorobots iboka remarobhoti akagadzirirwa kutevedzera vanhu nemhuka dzatinoshandisa pakuziva. Muenzaniso ndiyo robhoti yedzidzo yeJapan, iyo vanachiremba venguva yemberi vanodzidzisa mukuvhiya. Marobhoti anotsiva mubatsiri panguva yekuvhiyiwa - chikumbiro chavo chikuru chine chekuita nekugona kwechiremba anovhiya kudzora chinzvimbo cheiyo robotic kamera, iyo inopa yakanaka "maonero" enzvimbo dzinoshandiswa.

Kune zvakare Polish robhoti

История zvokurapa marobhoti muPoland yakatangwa muna 2000 nemasayendisiti kubva kuNheyo yeKuvandudza Cardiac Surgery muZabrze, vachigadzira muenzaniso weRobinHeart mhuri yemarobhoti (6). Vane zvikamu zvakakamurwa zvinokutendera kuti usarudze michina yakakodzera yekushanda kwakasiyana.

Mienzaniso inotevera yakagadzirwa: RobinHeart 0, RobinHeart 1 - ine nheyo yakasununguka uye inotungamirirwa nekombiyuta yeindasitiri; RobinHeart 2 - inonamatira patafura yekushanda, ine mabheji maviri paunogona kuisa midziyo yekuvhiya kana kutarisa ne endoscopic kamera; RobinHeart mc2 uye RobinHeart Vision inoshandiswa kudzora endoscope.

Initiator, murongi, mugadziri wefungidziro, kuronga mashandiro uye akawanda mechatronic mhinduro dzepurojekiti. Robhoti yekuvhiya yePolish Robin Hart aiva chiremba. Zbigniew Navrat. Pamwe chete nemushakabvu Prof. Zbigniew Religa ndiye mwari webasa rose rakaitwa nenyanzvi dzeZabrze mukubvunzana nenzvimbo dzedzidzo uye masangano ekutsvagisa.

Chikwata chevagadziri, zvemagetsi, IT uye makanika vakashanda paRobinHeart vaigara vachibvunzana neboka rekurapa kuti vaone kuti ndezvipi zvigadziriso zvinoda kuitwa kwairi.

"Muna Ndira 2009, paCentre for Experimental Medicine yeMedical University yeSilesia muKatowice, pakurapa mhuka, robhoti rakaita nyore mabasa ese arakapihwa. Zvitupa zvaro zviri kupihwa izvozvi.

6. Polish yezvokurapa robhoti RobinHeart

Kana tawana vatsigiri, zvinopinda mukugadzirwa kwe serial, "akadaro Zbigniew Nowrat anobva kuFoundation for the Development of Cardiac Surgery muZabrze. Dhizaini yePolish ine zvakawanda zvakafanana neAmerican da Vinci - inobvumira kuumbwa kwechifananidzo che3D mumhando yeHD, inobvisa kudedera kwemaoko, uye zviridzwa zvinopinda mukati memurwere.

RobinHeart inodzorwa kwete nemafaro akakosha, saDa Vinci, asi nemabhatani. Ruoko rumwe rwePolish robhoti anovhiya inokwanisa kubata kusvika kune maviri maturusi, ayo, kuwedzera, anogona kubviswa chero nguva, semuenzaniso, kuishandisa nemaoko.

Nehurombo, remangwana rekutanga wekuPoland robhoti anovhiya rinoramba risinganyatso zivikanwa. Parizvino pane mc2 mumwe chete asati avhiya murwere mupenyu. Chikonzero? Hakuna vanoisa mari vakakwana.

Dr. Nowrat vave vachivatsvaga kwemakore akawanda, asi anenge mamiriyoni makumi mana ezloty anodiwa kuti aise marobhoti eRobinHeart muzvipatara zvePoland. Zvita wapfuura, prototype yerobhoti isingaremi, inotakurika vhidhiyo yekutevera yemhando dzakasiyana dzemakiriniki application yakavhurwa: iyo RobinHeart PortVisionAble.

Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatsigirwa nemari neNational Center for Research and Development, iyo Nheyo Yekuvandudza Kwekuvhiyiwa Kwemoyo uye vazhinji vanotsigira. Gore rino zvakarongwa kuburitsa mhando nhatu dzemudziyo. Kana Komiti Yezvetsika ikabvuma kuzvishandisa mukuedza kwekiriniki, vanozoongororwa muchipatara.

Kwete kuvhiya chete

Pakutanga takataura nezve marobhoti anoshanda nevana muchipatara uye kutora ropa. Mushonga unogona kuwana mamwe mashandisirwo e “social” emichina iyi.

Muenzaniso ndewe robhoti kutaura murapi Bandit, yakagadzirwa kuYunivhesiti yeSouthern California, yakagadzirirwa kutsigira kurapwa kwevana vane autism. Inotaridzika setoyi yakagadzirirwa kufambisa kusangana nevarwere.

7. Robot Clara mune mukoti zvipfeko

Kune makamera maviri mu "maziso" ayo, uye nekuda kwekuisa infrared sensors, robot, inofamba pamakumbo maviri, inokwanisa kuziva nzvimbo yemwana uye kuita zviito zvakakodzera.

Nenguva isipi, anoedza kutanga ataura nemurwere mudiki, asi paanotiza, anomira oita masaini kuti aswedere pedyo.

Kazhinji, vana vanoswedera kurobhoti uye voita chisungo naro nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuratidza manzwiro kuburikidza nezviso zvechiso.

Izvi zvinoita kuti vana varambe vachitamba, uye kuvapo kwerobhoti kunofambisawo kudyidzana kwevanhu sekutaura. Makamera erobhoti anoitawo kuti zvikwanise kurekodha maitiro emwana, zvichitsigira kurapwa kunoitwa nachiremba.

Rehabilitation basa Nekupa kunyatsojeka uye kudzokororwa, vanobvumira maekisesaizi kuti aitwe kune varwere vasingabatanidzwe zvishoma nevarapi, kuderedza mari uye kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu vanorapwa (iyo yakabatsirwa exoskeleton inoonekwa seimwe yemhando yepamusoro yerobhoti rehabilitation).

Mukuwedzera, kururamisa kusingawaniki kune vanhu kunoita kuti zvibvirire kuderedza nguva yekudzorera nekuda kwekushanda kukuru. kushandiswa rehabilitation marobhoti zvisinei, kutarisirwa nevarapi kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka. Varwere kazhinji havatauri kurwadziwa kwakanyanya panguva yekurovedza muviri, vachikanganisa vachitenda kuti, semuenzaniso, chiyero chepamusoro chekurovedza muviri chinotungamirira kumigumisiro inokurumidza.

Kunzwa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukurumidza kucherechedzwa neanorapa echinyakare, sezvakaita maekisesaizi akareruka. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekugona kwekukanganisa kwekukanganisa kwekugadzirisa uchishandisa robhoti, semuenzaniso, kana iyo control algorithm ikatadza.

Robot Clara (7), yakagadzirwa neUSC Interaction Lab. robhoti nurse. Inofamba nenzira dzakafanotemerwa, ichiona zvipingaidzo. Varwere vanozivikanwa nekuongorora macode akaiswa padivi pemibhedha yavo. Robhoti rinoratidza mirairo yakarekodhwa yezviitwa zvekuvandudza.

Kukurukurirana kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora nemurwere kunoitika kuburikidza nemhinduro "hongu" kana "kwete". Robhoti rakagadzirirwa vanhu mushure memaitiro emoyo avo vanoda kuita spirometric kurovedza kusvika kagumi paawa kwemazuva akati wandei. Yakagadzirwa zvakare muPoland. robhoti rinobatsira kugadzirisa.

Yakagadzirwa naMichal Mikulski, nhengo yeDhipatimendi Rekudzora uye Robotics paSilesian University of Technology muGliwice. Iyo prototype yaive exoskeleton - mudziyo unopfekwa paruoko rwemurwere, unokwanisa kuongorora nekuvandudza kushanda kwemhasuru. Zvisinei, yaingokwanisa kushandira murwere mumwe chete uye yaizodhura zvikuru.

Masayendisiti akasarudza kugadzira robhoti rakachipa rimire iro rinogona kubatsira mukudzoreredza chero chikamu chemuviri. Nekudaro, nekufarira kwese kwemarobhoti, zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti kushandiswa marobhoti mumishonga ane zvakawanda kupfuura marozi chete. Mukuvhiya, semuenzaniso, izvi zvinosanganiswa nemari yakakosha.

Nzira yekushandisa da Vinci system, iri muPoland, inodhura anenge 15-30 zviuru. PLN, uye mushure memaitiro gumi iwe unofanirwa kutenga seti nyowani yezviridzwa. NHF haidzosere mari yemashandiro akaitwa nemudziyo uyu, inosvika 9 miriyoni mazloty.

Iyo inewo kukanganisa kwekuwedzera nguva inodiwa yemaitiro, izvo zvinoreva kuti murwere anofanira kuramba ari pasi peanesthesia kwenguva refu uye akabatanidzwa ne cardiopulmonary bypass (munyaya yekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo).