Kusvika kune asingaoneki neruoko rwechitatu

Kana paine "yakawedzerwa chokwadi", nei isingagone kuve "yakawedzerwa munhu"? Uyezve, kuvandudzwa kwakawanda uye zvigadziriso zvitsva zvakagadzirirwa uyu "munhu mukuru" zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira kufamba mu "musanganiswa chaiwo" wetekinoroji, dhijitari uye yemuviri (1).

Kuedza kwevatsvagiri pasi pemureza we AH (Augmented Human) kugadzira "munhu akawedzerwa" kunonangana nekugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzekuziva uye kuvandudzwa kwemuviri sechikamu chakakosha chemuviri wemunhu. (2) Nehunyanzvi, kuwedzera kwevanhu kunowanzo kunzwisiswa sechishuwo chekuwedzera kugona kana kugona kwemunhu uye kunyange kukudziridza muviri wake. Kusvika parizvino, zvakadaro, kupindira kwakawanda kwebiomedical kwakanangana nekuvandudza kana kudzoreredza chimwe chinhu chaionekwa sechakashata, sekufamba, kunzwa, kana kuona.

Muviri wemunhu unoonekwa nevakawanda sehunyanzvi hwechinyakare hunoda kuvandudzwa kwakakomba. Kuvandudza biology yedu kunganzwika sezvazviri, asi kuedza kuvandudza vanhu kunodzokera shure kwezviuru zvemakore. Isu tinovandudzawo zuva rega rega kuburikidza nezvimwe zviitiko, zvakaita sekurovedza muviri kana kutora mishonga kana zvinhu zvinosimudzira kushanda, kufanana ne caffeine. Nekudaro, maturusi atinonatsiridza biology yedu ari kuita nani nekukurumidza uye kuita zvirinani. Iko kunatsiridza kwese kwehutano hwevanhu uye kugona kunotsigirwa zvakanyanya nevanodanwa transhumanists. Vanozviti transhumanism, uzivi hune chinangwa chakajeka chekusimudzira tekinoroji yekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu.

Vazhinji vezvenguva yemberi vanopokana kuti zvishandiso zvedu, zvakaita semafoni efoni kana zvimwe zvinotakurika, zvatove mawedzero ecerebral cortex yedu uye nenzira dzakawanda chimiro chisingaoneki chekusimudzira kwevanhu. Kune zvakare mashoma abstract ekuwedzera akadai robhoti rechitatu ruokoinodzorwa nepfungwa, ichangobva kuvakwa muJapan. Ingobatanidza tambo kuEEG cap uye tanga kufunga. Masayendisiti kuInstitute of Advanced Telecommunications Technology muKyoto akavagadzira kuti vape vanhu ruzivo rutsva, rwechitatu runowanzodiwa kubasa.

2. Diodes akaiswa mumaoko

Uku ndiko kunatsiridza pane inozivikanwa prototype prostheses. inodzorwa neBMI interface. Kazhinji, masisitimu akagadzirirwa kuumbazve mitezo isipo, nepo maJapan magadzirirwo anosanganisira kuwedzera kweimwe nyowani. Mainjiniya vakagadzira iyi sisitimu vaine multitasking mupfungwa, saka ruoko rwechitatu harudi kutariswa kwakazara kweanoshanda. Muzviedzo, vaongorori vakazvishandisa kubata bhodhoro apo mutori wechikamu ane “tsika” BMI maelectrodes akaita rimwe basa rekuenzanisa bhora. Chinyorwa chinotsanangura hurongwa hutsva chakabuda mumagazini yeScience Robotics.

Infrared uye ultraviolet kuona

Chimiro chakakurumbira mukutsvaga kugoneswa kwevanhu ndechekuwedzera kuoneka kana kuderedza nhanho yekusaonekwa kwakatitenderedza. Vamwe vanhu vanodaro genetic mutationsizvo zvichatipa, semuenzaniso, maziso akafanana nekatsi nenyuchi panguva imwe chete, pamwe nenzeve dzechiremwaremwa uye pfungwa yekunhuwa kwembwa. Nekudaro, maitiro ekutamba nemajini haaite kunge akaedzwa zvizere uye akachengeteka. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kugara uchitsvaga magajeti ayo anozowedzera zvakanyanya kunzwisisa kwako kwechokwadi chaunoona. Semuenzaniso, kuonana lenses inobvumira infrared kuona (3) Mumakore achangopfuura, masayendisiti epaYunivhesiti yeMichigan akashuma kusikwa kweiyo ultra-thin graphene detector inoshanda mune yakazara infrared range. Maererano naProf. Zhaohui Zhong kubva kudhipatimendi reinjiniya yemagetsi yeyunivhesiti iyi, detector yakagadzirwa nechikwata chake inogona kunyatsobatanidzwa nekuonana lenzi kana kuvakwa mu smartphone. Kuonekwa kwemasaisai muhunyanzvi hwavo kunoitwa kwete nekuyera huwandu hwemaerekitironi anofara, asi nekuyera mhedzisiro yemaerekitironi anochajiswa mugraphene layer padunhu remagetsi riri padyo, kusanganisira mugraphene coating.

Uyezve, boka revasayendisiti uye mainjiniya rinotungamirirwa Joseph Ford kubva kuUC San Diego uye Erica Tremblay kubva kuInstitute of Microengineering muLausanne yakagadzira malenzi ekusangana ane polarizing sefa, yakafanana neiyo inopfekwa mumabhaisikopo e3D, inobvumira. inoonekwa paanenge XNUMXx magnification. Iyo yakagadzirwa, iyo yakakosha zvakanyanya, kune yakasimba optics yakadaro, iyo diki gobvu yemalenzi (inopfuura millimeter chete), yakagadzirirwa vanhu vakwegura vanotambura neamblyopia inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwe macula muziso. Nekudaro, vanhu vane maziso akanaka vanogona zvakare kutora mukana wekuwedzera kwemaziso - kungowedzera kugona kwavo.

Pane imwe chete isingabvumiri vanachiremba kuti vaone mukati memuviri wemunhu pasina kupindira kwekuvhiya, uye auto mechanics pakati peinjini inomhanya, asi inopawo, semuenzaniso, vadzimi vemoto vanokwanisa kukurumidza kufamba mumoto nekusaoneka. zvakaipa kana kwete. Kamwe yakatsanangurwa mu "MT" C Thru Helmet ine yakavakirwa-mukati yekupisa imaging kamera, iyo inodzima moto inoona pachiratidziro pamberi pemeso ake. Iyo tekinoroji yemaheti akakosha evatyairi vendege yakavakirwa pama sensors epamusoro anotendera iwe kuona kuburikidza nefuselage yeF-35 murwi kana mhinduro yeBritish inonzi. Pamberi XNUMX -Magirazi emutyairi anosanganiswa mungowani, ane ma sensors uye otomatiki anochinja kuenda kuhusiku modhi kana zvichidikanwa.

Tinofanira kubvuma chokwadi chokuti mhuka dzakawanda dzinogona kuona kupfuura vanhu. Hationi ese masaisai echiedza. Meso edu haakwanisi kupindura kune wavelengths mapfupi pane violet uye akareba kupfuura tsvuku. Saka ultraviolet uye infrared mwaranzi haisi kuwanikwa. Asi vanhu vari pedyo nekuonekwa kwe ultraviolet. Imwe gene mutation inokwana kushandura chimiro cheprotein mumafotoreceptors nenzira yekuti iyo ultraviolet wave haichazove isina hanya nayo. Zviso zvinoratidzira mafungu e ultraviolet mumaziso akachinja-chinja achave akasiyana nemeso emazuva ese. Kune akadaro "ultraviolet" maziso, kwete chete zvisikwa uye mabhengi zvingaratidzika zvakasiyana. Cosmos yaizochinjawo, uye amai vedu nyeredzi, Zuva, vaizochinja zvakanyanya.

Midziyo yekuona husiku, mapikicha anopisa, ma ultraviolet detectors uye sonars zvagara zviripo kwatiri, uye kwenguva yakati zvino midziyo midiki muchimiro chemalenzi yavepo.

4. Malenzi anokubvumira kuona inki isingaoneki mu ultraviolet range.

kuonana (4) Kunyangwe vachitipa hunyanzvi hwaimbozivikanwa chete kumhuka, katsi, nyoka, zvipembenene uye zviremwaremwa, havatevedzeri maitiro echisikigo. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvekufunga kwehunyanzvi. Kune zvakare nzira dzinokutendera iwe "kuona" chimwe chinhu murima usingade mamwe mafotoni papixel, senge yakagadziridzwa ne. Ahmed Kirmaniego kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uye yakaburitswa mupepanhau Sainzi. Chishandiso, chaakavaka nechikwata chake, chinotumira pasi-simba laser pulse murima, iyo, kana ichiratidzwa kubva muchinhu, inonyora pixel imwe chete kune detector.

"Ona" magineti uye radioactivity

Handei mberi. Tichaona here kana kuti "Inzwa" magineti minda? Kadiki magineti sensor ichangobva kuvakwa kubvumira izvi. Inochinjika, yakasimba uye inoenderana neganda remunhu. Masayendisiti kubva kuInstitute for Materials Research muDresden vakagadzira mudziyo wemodhi ine yakasanganiswa magineti sensor inogona kuiswa pamusoro pemunwe. Izvi zvaizobvumira vanhu kukudziridza "pfungwa yechitanhatu" - kugona kuona kusimba kwePasi uye kusimba kwemagineti.

Kuitwa kwakabudirira kweiyo pfungwa kwaizopa ramangwana sarudzo dzekushongedza vanhu magnetic field shanduko sensorsuye nekudaro kutungamira mumunda pasina kushandisa GPS. Tinogona kuratidza magnetoreception sekugona kwezvipenyu kuona mafambiro eMitsetse yeMagineti yePasi, iyo inopa kutaridzika munzvimbo. Chiitiko chacho chinowanzo shandiswa mumhuka uye inonzi geomagnetic navigation ipapo. Kazhinji, tinogona kuzviona mukutama kwevanhu, kusanganisira. nyuchi, shiri, hove, ma dolphin, mhuka dzomusango, uyewo kamba.

Chimwe chitsva chinonakidza chinowedzera kugona kwevanhu pamwero usina kumboonekwa kare ikamera inozotitendera "kuona" radioactivity. Boka revasayendisiti kubva kuJapan Waseda University vakavandudza mafotonics akagadzirwa naHamamatsu. Gamma detector kamera, vachishandisa inonzi Compton effect. Kutenda kupfura kubva ku "Compton kamera" zvinokwanisika kuona uye kuona chaizvo nzvimbo, kusimba uye chiyero chekusvibiswa kweradioactive. Waseda parizvino iri kushanda pakuita miniaturizing muchina kusvika pahuremu hwe500 magiramu uye huwandu hwe10 cm³.

Iyo Compton mhedzisiro, inozivikanwawo se Compton kuparadzira, ndiwo mhedzisiro yekupararira kweX-rays uye gamma rays, ndiko kuti, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, pamaerekitironi akasununguka kana asina kusimba, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwewavelength yemwaranzi. Isu tinofunga zvakasungwa zvisina simba erekitironi rine simba rekusunga muatomu, molecule, kana crystal lattice ishoma pane simba rechiitiko photon. Iyo sensor inonyoresa shanduko idzi uye inogadzira mufananidzo wavo.

Kana kuti pamwe zvingaite nekuda kwema sensors "Ona" chimiro chemakemikari chinhu chiri pamberi pedu? Mbeu yechinhu sensor-spectrometer Scio. Zvakakwana kutungamirira danda rayo pane chimwe chinhu kuitira kuti uwane ruzivo pamusoro pemakemikari ayo mumasekondi mashoma. Mudziyo uyu wakada kuenzana nefob yemota kiyi uye unoshanda ne-smartphone app inokubvumira kuona

scan mhinduro. Zvichida mune ramangwana rudzi urwu rwehunyanzvi ruchave neshanduro dzakatonyanya kubatanidzwa nemanzwiro edu uye nemuviri wedu (5).

5. Murume Akatambanudzwa (Neuromuscular Interface)

Murombo akatongerwa "basic version" here?

Nguva itsva ye "rehabilitation" madivayiri, anosimudzirwa nebionic tekinoroji, inotungamirwa nechishuwo chekubatsira vakaremara uye vanorwara. Zvinonyanya kuitirwa prosthesis i exoskeletons Kubhadhara kushomeka uye kudimburwa maoko, kuwedzera uye kutsva kweneuromuscular interfaces ari kuvandudzwa kuti adyidzane zvakanyanya ne "accessories" uye zvinosimudzira kumuviri wemunhu.

Nekudaro, matekiniki aya atotanga kushanda senzira yekugonesa vanhu vakakwana uye vane hutano. Takatozvitsanangura kanopfuura kamwe, izvo zvinopa simba uye kutsungirira kuvashandi kana varwi. Kusvika ikozvino, ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa kubatsira nekushanda nesimba, kuedza, kugadzirisa, asi zvingasarudzwa zvekushandisa maitiro aya kunyatsogadzirisa zvinodiwa zvevaduku vashoma vanoremekedzwa zvinonyatsooneka. Vamwe vanotyira kuti kuwedzera kuri kuitika kuchamutsa nhangemutange yezvombo izvo zvine njodzi yekusiya kumashure avo vanosarudza kusatevera nzira iyi.

Nhasi, kana paine misiyano pakati pevanhu - zvese zvenyama nenjere, zvisikwa zvinowanzova "muparadzi", uye apa ndipo panoperera dambudziko. Nekudaro, kana, nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kuwedzera hakuchatsamira pane biology uye zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sehupfumi, izvi zvinogona kuita zvishoma kunakidzwa. Kupatsanurwa kuita "vanhu vakakura" uye "basic versions" - kana kunyangwe kuzivikanwa kwemhando nyowani dzeHomo sapiens - chingave chiitiko chitsva chinongozivikanwa kubva mumabhuku engano dzesainzi.