Mativi maviri emari anodedera pane imwe tambo

Albert Einstein haana kumbokwanisa kugadzira dzidziso yakabatana iyo yakatsanangura nyika yese mune imwechete yakabatana chimiro. Mukati memakore zana, vatsvakurudzi vakabatanidza matatu emasimba mana anozivikanwa kuva avakadana kuti Standard Model. Zvakadaro, kuchine simba rechina, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, risinganyatsokodzeri mune chakavanzika ichi.

Kana kuti pamwe ndizvo?

Kutenda kune zvakawanikwa uye mhedziso dzefizikiki dzakabatana neAmerican Princeton University yakakurumbira, ikozvino pane mumvuri wemukana wekuyananisa dzidziso dzeEinstein nenyika yezvikamu zvekutanga, izvo zvinotongwa nequantum mechanics.

Kunyangwe iyo isati iri "dzidziso yezvese", basa rakaitwa anopfuura makore makumi maviri apfuura uye richiri kuwedzera rinoratidza zvinoshamisa maitiro emasvomhu. Dzidziso yaEinstein yegiravhiti nedzimwe nzvimbo dzefizikisi - kunyanya iine subatomic phenomena.

Izvo zvese zvakatanga netsoka dzakawanikwa muma90s Igor Klebanov, purofesa wefizikisi paPrinceton. Kunyangwe hazvo isu tichifanira kuenda zvakadzika, muma70s, apo masayendisiti akadzidza diki diki subatomic particles inonzi. quarks.

Nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakaona zvisinganzwisisike kuti kunyangwe simba rakawanda sei iro mapurotoni akadhumhana naro, maquark aisagona kutiza — aigara akavharirwa mukati meproton.

Mumwe wevakashanda panyaya iyi aiva Alexander Polyakovzvakare purofesa wefizikisi kuPrinceton. Zvakazoitika kuti ma quarks "akabatanidzwa" pamwe chete neakazonzi zvidimbu zvitsva ndirumbidzei. Kwenguva yakati, vaongorori vakafunga kuti gluons aigona kugadzira "tambo" dzinosunga quarks pamwechete. Polyakov akaona hukama pakati peiyo particle theory uye stru theoryasi haana kukwanisa kusimbisa izvi nechero humbowo.

Mumakore akatevera, vanoongorora dzidziso vakatanga kutaura kuti zvidimbu zvekutanga zvaive zvidiki zvetambo dzinozunguza. Dzidziso iyi yakabudirira. Tsananguro yaro yekuona inogona kuva sezvizvi: sezvinoita tambo inozunguzika muviolin ichiburitsa manzwi akasiyana-siyana, kuzunguzika kwetambo mufizikisi kunoratidza huremu uye maitiro echinhu.

Muna 1996, Klebanov pamwe chete mudzidzi (uye gare gare doctoral mudzidzi) Stephen Gubser uye Postdoctoral Fellow Amanda Pete, akashandisa dzidziso yetambo kuverenga magluons, uyezve akaenzanisa zvabuda netambo dzidziso ye.

Nhengo dzechikwata dzakashamisika kuti nzira mbiri dzakaburitsa mhedzisiro dzakafanana. Kwapera gore, Klebanov akadzidza kutorwa kwemakomba matema uye akaona kuti panguva ino ainyatsoenderana. Kwapera gore, nyanzvi yefizikisi yakakurumbira Juan Maldasena vakawana tsamba pakati pechimiro chakakosha chegiravhiti nedzidziso inotsanangura zvimedu. Mumakore akatevera, mamwe masayendisiti akashanda pazviri uye akagadzira mathematical equations.

Pasina kupinda muhunyengeri hwemasvomhu aya maformula, zvese zvakasvika pakuti kupindirana kwegiravhiti uye subatomic kwezvikamu kwakafanana nemativi maviri emari imwe chete. Kune rumwe rutivi, ishanduro yakawedzerwa yegiravhiti yakatorwa mudzidziso huru yaEinstein yerelativity ya 1915. Kune rimwe divi, idzidziso inotsanangudza maitiro ezvimedu zvesubatomic uye kudyidzana kwadzo.

Basa raKlebanov rakaenderera mberi naGubser, uyo akazova purofesa wefizikiki pa ... Princeton University, hongu, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, akafa mwedzi mishomanana yapfuura. Akanga ari iye akakakavadzana pamusoro pemakore kuti kubatana kukuru kwekubatana kwechina negiravhiti, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwetambo dzidziso, inogona kutora fizikisi kune imwe nhanho.

Nekudaro, kutsamira kwemasvomhu kunofanirwa kusimbiswa neimwe nzira, uye izvi zvakanyanya kuipa. Kusvika parizvino hapana kuyedza kuita izvi.