PSA injini - Ford 1,6 HDi / TDCi 8V (DV6)

Muchikamu chechipiri cha2010, PSA / Ford Boka rakatangisa injini yakagadziriswazve 1,6 HDi / TDCi pamusika. Inofananidzwa neyakatangira, ine zvikamu zvinosvika makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvakagadzirwazve. Kuteerana neiyo Euro 50 emission standard yeinjini iyi inotorwa seisina basa.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura kuiswa kwayo pamusika, iyo yekutanga unit yakave inozivikanwa kwazvo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekuita. Izvi zvakapa mota simba rakaringana, mashoma turbo mhedzisiro, inonaka kwazvo mafuta, kushandiswa kwepamusoro uye, sezvakakosha, nekuda kwehuremu hwakanaka, zvakare simba shoma reinjini pane hunhu hwekutyaira mota. Iko kushandiswa kwakawanda kweinjini iyi mumotokari dzakasiyana kunopupurira mukurumbira wayo mukuru. Inowanikwa, semuenzaniso, muFord Focus, Fiesta, C-Max, Peugeot 207, 307, 308, 407, Citroën C3, C4, C5, Mazda 3 uye kunyange premium Volvo S40 / V50. Pasinei nezvakataurwa nezvazvo, injini ine "nhunzi" dzayo, idzo dzinonyanya kubviswa nechizvarwa chemazuva ano.

Iyo yekutanga injini dhizaini yakaita shanduko huru mbiri. Yekutanga ishanduko kubva ku16-vharuvhu DOHC kugovera kune 8-vharuvhu OHC "chete" kugovera. Nemaburi mavharuvhu mashoma, musoro uyu unewo simba rakakwirira rine huremu hushoma. Iyo nzira yemvura iri kumusoro kwechivharo chakabatana nemusoro unotonhorera nediki asymmetrically iripo shanduko. Pamusoro pemitengo yakaderera yekugadzira uye simba rakakura, iyi yakaderedzwa dhizaini yakakodzerawo kutenderera uye kunotevera kupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa. Izvo zvinonzi symmetrical kuzadza kwemasilinda kwakaderedza kutenderera kusingadikanwi kwemusanganiswa unopisa ne 10 muzana, nekudaro kushoma kudhumhana nemadziro ekamuri uye nekudaro inenge 10% kushoma kurasikirwa kwekupisa pamadziro ehumburumbira. Uku kudzikiswa kwe swirl kunenge kuri kukangaidzika, sezvo kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika swirl yakakonzerwa nemaune nekuvhara imwe yenzira dzekusveta, iyo inonzi swirl flaps, nekuda kwekusanganiswa kuri nani uye kunotevera kupisa kwemoto musanganiswa. Zvisinei, nhasi mamiriro acho akasiyana, sezvo majekiseni achiendesa mafuta edhiziri pamhepo yakakwirira ine maburi akawanda, saka hapana chikonzero chekuibatsira kuti atomize nokukurumidza nekutenderera mhepo. Sezvatotaurwa, kuwedzera kwemhepo kutenderera kunosanganisira, kunze kwekutonhodza mhepo yakamanikidzwa pamadziro ecylinder, uyewo kurasikirwa kwepamusoro kwekupomba (nekuda kwechikamu chiduku chemuchinjikwa) uye kunonoka kupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa.

Chechipiri chikuru dhizaini shanduko ndiko kuchinjiswa kwemukati cast iron cylinder block, iyo inogara mune yealuminium block. Ipo pasi pazasi zvichakadzika zvakadzika mune yealuminium block, yepamusoro yakavhurika. Nenzira iyi, iwo ega ega masirinda anopindirana uye anogadzira izvo zvinonzi zvinonaya mvura (yakavhurika deck block). Nekudaro, kutonhorera kwechikamu ichi kwakanangana nekanaiyo inotonhorera mumusoro we cylinder, izvo zvinoguma nekutonhora kwakanyanya kushanda kwenzvimbo yemoto. Injini yekutanga yaive yakanda masimbi ekuisa akakanda zvakazara musirinda (yakavharwa chikuva).

Zvimwe zvikamu zveinjini zvakachinjwawo. Musoro mutsva, manifold ekutora, akasiyana jekiseni angle uye chimiro chepiston chakakonzera kuyerera kwakasiyana kwekupisa uye nekudaro maitiro ekupisa. Iwo majekiseni akatsiviwawo, ayo akagamuchira rimwe gomba (ikozvino 7), pamwe chete nereshiyo yekumanikidza, iyo yakaderedzwa kubva kune yepakutanga 18: 1 kusvika 16,0: 1. Nokuderedza chiyero chekumanikidza, mugadziri akawana kuderera kwekushisa kwekupisa, hongu, nokuda kwechikonzero chekupedza gasi recirculation, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuderedza kubudiswa kweasingagone kuora nitrogen oxides. Kudzora kweEGR kwakashandurwawo kuderedza kuburitswa uye iko zvino kwave kunyatsojeka. EGR valve yakabatana nemvura inotonhorera. Huwandu hwemagasi eflue akadzokororwa uye kutonhora kwawo kunodzorwa nemagetsi. Kuvhura kwayo uye kumhanya kunodzorwa neiyo control unit. Iyo crank mechanism yakavewo nekudzikiswa kwehuremu uye kukweshana: matanda ekubatanidza anokandwa muzvikamu uye akapatsanurwa. Iyo piston ine yakareruka yepasi mafuta jet isina swirl chiteshi. Iyo yakakura yakaboora pasi pepiston, pamwe nekukwirira kwekamuri yekupisa, inobatsira kune yakaderera compression ratio. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvigaro zvevhavha hazvibatanidzwi. Iyo crankcase ventilation inoitwa kuburikidza nepamusoro chikamu chemubati-chivharo chenguva yekutyaira. Iyo aluminium block yemasilinda yakakamurwa pamwe neaxis ye crankshaft. Iyo yakaderera furemu ye crankcase inogadzirwawo neyakajeka alloy. Pani yemafuta inoiswa pairi. Iyo pombi inobviswa yemvura inobatsirawo kuderedzwa kwemechini kuramba uye nekukurumidza injini kudziya-kumusoro mushure mekutanga. Nokudaro, pombi inoshanda mumamodhi maviri, yakabatana kana kuti isina kubatanidzwa, iyo inotungamirirwa nepulley inofambisa, iyo inotungamirirwa maererano nemirayiridzo yechikwata chekutonga. Kana zvichidikanwa, pulley iyi inowedzerwa kuti igadzire friction transmission nebhandi. Aya magadzirirwo akakanganisa ese ari maviri shanduro (68 uye 82 kW), iyo inosiyana kubva kune imwe neimwe ine VGT turbocharger (82 kW) - overboost basa uye akasiyana jekiseni. Kunakidzwa, Ford haina kushandisa glue papombi yemvura inobviswa uye yakasiya pombi yemvura yakabatana nebhandi reV. Inofanirawo kuwedzerwa kuti pombi yemvura ine plastiki impeller.

Iyo isina kusimba vhezheni inoshandisa Bosch system ine solenoid jekiseni uye jekiseni rinomanikidza re1600 bar. Iyo yakanyanya simba vhezheni inosanganisira Continental ine piezoelectric majekiseni anoshanda pa1700 bar jekiseni pressure. Iwo majekiseni anoita anosvika maviri mutyairi uye jekiseni guru rimwe chete uchityaira mudenderedzwa rega rega, mamwe maviri panguva yekuvandudzwa kweFAP sefa. Panyaya yezvigadzirwa zvejekiseni, zvinonakidzawo kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Kuwedzera kune yakaderera mwero yezvinosvibisa mumagasi emhepo, iyo Euro 5 emission standard inoda kuti mugadziri avimbise chiyero chinodiwa chekuburitsa kusvika kumakiromita 160. Iine injini isina kusimba, fungidziro iyi inozadzikiswa kunyangwe pasina ekuwedzera magetsi, sezvo mashandisirwo uye kupfeka kwejekiseni system kushoma nekuda kwesimba rakaderera uye kuderera kwejekiseni. Panyaya yekusiyana kwakasimba, iyo Continental system yaitofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa neinonzi auto-adaptive electronics, iyo inoona kutsauka kubva painodiwa paramita yekupisa uchityaira uyezve kugadzirisa. Iyo sisitimu inoyerwa pasi peinjini braking, kana paine kunenge kusinganzwisisike kuwedzera kwekumhanya. Zvemagetsi zvinobva zvaona kuti mamhanyiro iwayo akawedzera sei uye kuti yaidiwa mafuta akawanda sei. Kuti ugadzirise auto-calibration, zvinodikanwa kutakura mota nguva nenguva, semuenzaniso, pasi pemateru, kuitira kuti pave neakareba injini braking. Zvikasadaro, kana chiitiko ichi chikasaitika mukati menguva yakatarwa nemugadziri, zvemagetsi zvinogona kuratidza meseji yekukanganisa uye kushanya kunzvimbo yebasa kunodiwa.

Nhasi, ecology yekushanda kwemotokari yakakosha zvakanyanya, saka kunyangwe mune yakakwidziridzwa 1,6 HDi, mugadziri haana chaakasiya. Anopfuura makore gumi nemaviri apfuura, boka rePSA rakaunza chidimbu chesefa yemureza wayo Peugeot 12, ine zvakakosha zvekuwedzera kubatsira kubvisa zvinhu. Boka ndiro chete rakachengeta system iyi kusvika nhasi, kureva kuwedzera mafuta mutangi isati yatanga kupisa. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera kugadzirwa zvichibva parhodium uye cerium, nhasi mhedzisiro yakafanana inowanikwa neakachipa iron oxides. Iyi mhando yekuchenesa gasi yekuchenesa yakashandiswawo kwenguva yakati nehanzvadzi Ford, asi chete neEuro 607 inoenderana ne1,6 uye 2,0 litita injini. Yokutanga inzira iri nyore, i.e. kana injini iri kushanda nemutoro wepamusoro (somuenzaniso, paunenge uchityaira nekukurumidza mumugwagwa mukuru). Ipapo hapana chikonzero chekutakura dhiziri isina kupiswa yakabaiwa muhumburumbira kuenda kusefa uko yaigona kukonesa nekunyungudutsa mafuta. Iyo kabhoni dema yakaumbwa panguva yekupisa kwea naphtha-rich additive inokwanisa kupisa kunyange pa4 ° C. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakakwana kunonoka chikamu chekupedzisira chejekiseni, mafuta (kunyange ne soot) anopisa zvakananga mu cylinder uye. haina kukanganisa kuzadza mafuta nekuda kwedilution-condensation yemafuta edhiziri muDPF (FAP) sefa. Chechipiri sarudzo ndiyo inonzi yakabatsira kuberekwa patsva, umo, pamagumo ekuputika kwemhepo, mafuta edizeli anoiswa mumagasi eflue kuburikidza nepombi yekupedza. Magasi eflue anotakura mafuta edhiziri akapwanyika kune oxidation catalyst. Diziri rinotungidza mariri uye soti yakaiswa musefa inotsva. Ehe, zvese zvinotariswa nemagetsi ekudzora, ayo anoverenga dhigirii rekuvharika kwesefa zvinoenderana nemutoro uri painjini. Iyo ECU inotarisisa majekiseni ekupinda uye inoshandisa ruzivo kubva kune okisijeni sensor uye tembiricha / mutsauko wekumanikidza sensor semhinduro. Kubva pane data, iyo ECU inosarudza mamiriro chaiwo esefa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, inoshuma kudiwa kwekushanya kwesevhisi.

Kusiyana nePSA, Ford iri kutora nzira yakasiyana uye yakapusa. Haishandisi chinowedzera mafuta kubvisa chinhu chemukati. Kuberekwa patsva kunoitika sedzimwe mota zhinji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kutanga, kupisa preseji kusvika ku450 ° C nekuwedzera injini mutoro uye nekuchinja nguva yejekiseni rekupedzisira. Shure kwaizvozvo, iyo naphtha inodyiswa kune iyo oxidation chinokonzera mune isina kupisa mamiriro inopiswa.

Paiva nedzimwe shanduko dzakawanda kune injini. Semuyenzaniso. Iyo sefa yemafuta yakatsiviwa zvachose nesimbi imba yakavharirwa kumusoro uko pombi yemaoko, mweya wekufema uye sensor yemvura yakawandisa iripo. Iyo yakakosha 68 kW vhezheni haina mbiri-mas flywheel, asi yakasarudzika yakagadziriswa flywheel ine chitubu-yakarodha clutch disc. Iyo yekumhanyisa sensor (Hall sensor) iri pane yenguva pulley. Iyo giya ine 22 + 2 mazino uye sensor iri bipolar kuona kutenderera kutenderera kwe shaft mushure mekudzima injini uye kuunza imwe yepiston muchikamu chekumanikidza. Iri basa rinodiwa kukurumidza kutangazve kumira-kutanga system. Pombi yejekiseni inofambiswa nebhandi renguva. Panyaya ye68 kW version, Bosch CP 4.1 single-piston mhando inoshandiswa nepombi yakasanganiswa yekudya. Iyo yakanyanya jekiseni pressure yakaderedzwa kubva pa1700 bar kusvika 1600 bar. Iyo camshaft yakaiswa muvhavhavhavhavhavha. Iyo pombi yevacuum inofambiswa necamshaft, iyo inogadzira vacuum yebhureki booster, pamwe nekudzora turbocharger uye bypass yekubuda gasi recirculation system. Iyo yakadzvanywa mafuta tangi yakashongedzerwa ine yekumanikidza sensor pamagumo ekurudyi. Pachiratidzo chake, chikwata chekutonga chinogadzirisa kudzvinyirira kuburikidza nekugadzirisa pombi uye kupfachukira mabhomba. Kubatsira kwechigadziriso ichi kusavapo kwemutongi wekumanikidza wakasiyana. Shanduko ndeyewo kusavapo kwekuwanda kwekudya, nepo mutsetse wepurasitiki unovhura wakananga mumhepo uye unoiswa zvakananga pane inopinza mumusoro. Imba yepurasitiki kuruboshwe ine yemagetsi inodzorwa kutonhora bypass valve. Muchiitiko chekusashanda, inotsiviwa zvachose. Iyo diki saizi yeturbocharger yakavandudza nguva yekupindura uye yakawana kumhanya kwepamusoro apo mabheji ayo ari mvura yakatonhodzwa. Muchikamu che 68 kW, mutemo unopiwa nekupfuura nyore, munyaya yeshanduro ine simba, mutemo unopiwa ne geometry yakasiyana-siyana ye stator blades. Iyo sefa yemafuta inovakwa mumvura yekupisa yekutsinhanisa, iyo chete yekuisa pepa yakatsiviwa. Iyo gasket yemusoro ine akati wandei akaturikidzana ecomposite uye sheet simbi. Notches pamucheto wepamusoro anoratidza rudzi uye ukobvu hwakashandiswa. Ivharuvhu yeshavishavi inoshandiswa kuyamwa chikamu chemagasi eflue kubva kudunhu reEGR nekumhanya kwakaderera. Iyo inoshandisawo iyo DPF panguva yekuzvarwa patsva uye inovhara mhepo yekupa kuti ideredze vibration kana injini yadzimwa.

Pakupedzisira, iyo technical parameter yeakatsanangurwa injini.

Iyo yakasimba kwazvo vhezheni ye 1560 cc dhiziri ina-humburumbira injini inopa yakakwira torque ye 270 Nm (yaimbove 250 Nm) pa 1750 rpm. Kunyangwe pa1500 rpm, inosvika 242 Nm. Simba rakakura re82 kW (80 kW) rinosvika pa3600 rpm. Iyo isina kusimba vhezheni inowana yakanyanya torque ye230 Nm (215 Nm) pa1750 rpm uye simba rakakura re68 kW (66 kW) pa4000 rpm.

Ford naVolvo vari kutaura 70 uye 85 kW magetsi ratidziro emota dzavo. Kunyangwe paine misiyano mishoma mukuita, injini dzakafanana, mutsauko chete kuve kushandiswa kwekuwedzera-kwemahara DPF mune iyo Ford neVolvo.

* Sekuratidzira kwaratidza, injini inonyatsovimbika kupfuura yaakatangira. Iyo mabuji yakasungirirwa zvirinani uye panenge pasisina kuchenesa, iyo turbocharger zvakare ine hupenyu hwakareba uye zvakanyanya kushomeka kugadzirwa kwecarob. Nekudaro, gango remafuta rakaumbwa zvisina kujairika rinoramba riri, iro pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa (echinyakare kutsiva) haribvumidze shanduko yemafuta yepamusoro. Carbon dhipoziti uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakagara pasi pezasi pe cartridge zvinokanganisa mafuta matsva, zvinokanganisa hupenyu hweinjini nezvikamu zvacho. Injini inoda yakawanda uye inodhura kugadzirisa kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo. Kana uchitenga mota yakamboshandiswa, ingave iri zano rakanaka kukatanura pamwe nekuchenesa pani yemafuta. Shure kwaizvozvo, kana uchinja mafuta, zvinokurudzirwa kugeza injini nemafuta matsva, zvichiteerana. uye bvisa uye uchenese pani yemafuta angangoita makiromita zviuru zana.