Opel Astra injini
Zviri mukati
1991 raive gore rekutanga remota nyowani yeAdam Opel OG. Kupera kwemakumi matatu emakore hegemony yeOpel Kadett E yaive zuva rekuzvarwa kwenyeredzi. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo zita reanoenderera mberi netsika, iyo Astra mota, inonzwika mukushandurwa kubva muchiLatin. Motokari dzakasarudzwa kutanga netsamba F. Motokari dzekutanga dzakauya kumusika weEurope sevamiririri ve "class golf" itsva. Mota dzeJ uye K dzakateedzana dzichiri kugadzirwa kumafekitori eGeneral Motors nanhasi.
Astra F - trendsetter yeEuropean fashoni
Concern Adam Opel AG yakaunza zvigadziriso zvakati wandei zve F. Semuyenzaniso, Caravan musiyano wakagadzirwa sengoro yemadhoo mashanu uye "rori" yemadhoo matatu. Mukuwedzera, vatengi vanogona kusarudza:
- sedan - 4 magonhi;
- hatchback - 3 uye 5 mikova.
Mota dzakasiana dzakabudirira dhizaini. Hatchbacks yaive nechikamu chekutakura che360 litres. Iyo chiteshi ngoro mune yakajairwa vhezheni yakatora mubhodhi mutoro unosvika 500 malita, uye neshure zvigaro zvakapetwa pasi - 1630 malita. Kureruka, kushanda uye nyore - aya ndiwo hunhu hukuru hwakacherechedzwa nevashandisi vese vemota nyowani pasina kusarudzika. Restyling muna 1994 yakaunza zvinhu zvitsva zvemukati trim kune vaperekedzi vemota. Airbag yakaiswa pachidhiraivho.
Iyo kambani haina kukanganwa vanoda mabasa ekunze nemitambo. Kwavari, shanduro mbiri dze-2-litre injini dzakaiswa paGT version - 115 uye 150 hp. Muna 1993, huwandu hwakawedzerwa nemotokari yakavhurika yezvigaro zvina zvekirasi inotendeuka. Kugadzirwa kwayo kudiki-diki kwakapihwa nemanejimendi eGerman kune isingazivikanwe kambani yemotokari yeItaly Bertone. Motokari yakagamuchira kuwedzera kune yekumaka - chidimbu cheGSI (Grand Sport Injection). Mavhezheni akadaro "akachaja" akasiya mitsetse yemafekitori muUK, South America, Australia, India, Poland, South Africa, China kusvika 2000. Kwemwaka mina yakatevera, mota dzeF dzakatevedzana dzakabva kuPoland dzakatengeswa kunyika dzaimbova musasa wesocialist neTurkey.
Muzana remakore idzva - pasi petsamba G
Chizvarwa chechipiri chemotokari yakakurumbira chakagamuchira tsamba inotevera yeLatin alphabet. Kufanana neshanduro yekutanga, Astra G yakagadzirwa munyika dzakawanda pasi rose. MuAustralia, iyo Holden label yakagadziridzwa nemavara TS. Shanduro yeBritain yakazozivikanwa seVauxhall Mk4. Opel Astra G akasvika kunyika yaimbova USSR:
- Russia - Chevrolet Viva.
- Ukraine - Astra Classic.
Kugadziriswa kweiyo G yakatevedzana yakagamuchira marudzi maviri ekutapurirana - yeJapan 4-kumhanya otomatiki transmission uye 5-kumhanya bhuku rine hydraulic drive. Mamwe hunhu dhizaini ruzivo:
- anti-lock braking system (ABS);
- kuturika - McFerson pamberi, semi-yakasununguka danda - kumashure;
- disc mabhureki.
Chinhu chitsva kwaive kuisirwa anti-slip system.
Iyo yakasarudzika yemutsara yaive OPC GSI hatchback ine yakasikwa inoshuvira 160 hp injini (1999). Makore matatu gare gare, pasi pechidimbu ichi, motokari dzemamwe marongerwo dzakatanga kuoneka - coupes, ngoro dzechiteshi, zvinoshandura. Iyo yekupedzisira yakava hit chaiyo pamusika weEurope. Iine injini ye turbocharged ine simba re 192-200 hp. uye vhoriyamu ye2,0 litres. aiita sechikara chaicho.
Astra H - Russian kutanga
Muna 2004, kugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa kwechitatu kweAstra motokari kwakarongwa muRussia. SKD musangano wemotokari wakaitwa neKaliningrad bhizinesi "Avtotor" kwemakore mashanu. 2008 raive gore rekutanga reiyo yakazara-chiyero kugadzirwa kweOpel modhi. Mutakuri wekutakura waiva mumusha weShushary, Leningrad Region. Kwapera nguva yakati, gungano racho rakagadziridzwa zvachose kuKaliningrad.
Iyo H yakatevedzana yakava yekutanga yeAstra mota yedhizaini nyowani - sedans. Vakatsiva iyo yakapera Vectra B. Mushure mekutanga kweIstanbul muna 2004, motokari itsva yakagadzirwa muGermany, Ireland, Mexico neBrazil (4-gonhi Chevrolet Vectra hatchback). Mumutsara wenhevedzano maivewo nema body models nema station wagon. Iyo yekupedzisira yakava hwaro hwekusikwa muna 2009 yeAstra TwinTop coupe-cabriolet. MuRussia, mhando idzi dzakagadzirwa kusvika 2014 seAstra Family.
Uye zvakadaro, iyo hatchback marongerwo yakaramba ichinyanya kufarirwa. Muchikamu chemasuo mashanu, ine injini ye 1,6-lita ine simba re 115 hp, motokari yakanga ine zvakawanda zvakanaka:
- airbags yevatakuri vana;
- mahwindo emagetsi kumashure;
- chigaro chekudziya system;
- kudzora mamiriro ekunze;
- kumashure kwekuona kamera.
Yakabatanidzwa neCD/mp3 stereo system uye matanhatu-speed gearbox muma premium versions, motokari yaitaridzika zvakanaka.
Vamiriri vane simba zvakanyanya veiyo H akateedzana mota dzakaunganidzwa muActive uye Cosmo masisitimu ane otomatiki transmissions uye turbocharged injini:
- 1,6-lita 170 hp;
- 1,4-litita 140 hp
Chikuva chitsva chenhevedzano itsva
Pa2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, Opel yakaunza itsva compact platform, Delta II, kumusika wepasi rose wemotokari. Iwo maratidziro emota nyowani ainyanya kuratidzira sarudzo dzevanyori veInsigna pfungwa. Chirimwa chekutanga uko mota dzeH dzakateedzana dzakatanga kuunganidzwa yakazara yakazara yaive Vauxhall mudunhu reChirungu reCheshire.
Chinhu chinosekesa kubva munhoroondo yenhevedzano kuramba kweOpel manejimendi kushandisa vara ini ndichitevera H muarufabheti yechiLatin.
Kunyorwa kweiyo pfungwa yemuenzaniso ndeyeboka reOpel Design Center (Rüsselheim, Germany). Iyo yakazara yekucheneswa nguva yeiyo conceptual modhi mumhepo tunnel yakapfuura 600 maawa. Vagadziri vakaita shanduko huru kune yechinyakare chitarisiko che hatchback:
- wheelbase yakawedzerwa ne71 mm;
- yakawedzera track distance.
Iyo chassis yakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana ne mechatronic scheme. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kusanganisa mechanics uye "smart" yemagetsi kudzora masisitimu ezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemota, senge kumiswa kweFlexRide. Mutyairi anogona kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa marudzi matatu ekumiswa (Standart, Sport kana Tour) kuti aenderane nemaitiro ake ekutyaira.
Pamusoro pekuchinja shanduko muhurongwa hwekutonga, timu yedhizaini yakapa vatengi zvimwe zvinofadza zvitsva:
- yemazuva ano mukati memwenje system uye ergonomic zvigaro;
- bi-xenon mwenje wechizvarwa chitsva AFL +.
Izvo zvakasarudzwa kuisa kamera yekumberi yekutarisa Opel Ziso pamhando dzese dzeiyi nyowani. Inokwanisa kuziva zvikwangwani zvemumugwagwa zvakaiswa munzira uye kunyevera nezve kutsauka kubva kune yakanyanya kunaka trajectory yekufamba.
Astra K - motokari yeramangwana
Imwe nhengo yemazuva ano yemhuri yeAstra yemotokari dzeOpel ndiyo K-series hatchback. Mwedzi 2015 gare gare, motokari yekutanga yakawana mutengi wayo:
- muUK - saVauxhall Astra;
- muChina - pasi peBuick Verano brand;
- pakondinendi yechishanu ine Holden Astra label.
Dhizaini yemotokari yatove yemazuva ano kana ichienzaniswa neyakagadziridzwa yapfuura. Iyo yakashongedzerwa neyazvino ruzivo-maitiro mumunda wemotokari tekinoroji. Pamusoro peiyo 5-gonhi hatchback, yekumberi-mavhiri drive station wagon inowanikwawo. Zvinhu zvitsva zvakaunganidzwa pamafekitori maviri - muPolish Gliwice uye muElzmirport, muFoggy Albion. Iyo yepamutemo papuratifomu zita ndiD2XX. Pakati pemotokari dzekirasi yegorofu, iyo yave kujaira seC-kirasi, iyo Astra K ingave inoseka kana zvakakomba inonzi "quantum leap".
Vatyairi vanopihwa chero isingasviki 18 akasiyana ekugadzirisa zvigaro sarudzo. Hazvina maturo kutaura, AGR yakasimbiswa. Kunze kwezvo:
- otomatiki Opel Ziso rekutevera mamaki emugwagwa;
- kufa zone control;
- hurongwa hwekudzosera mota kunzira yayo kana uchiyambuka mugwagwa;
Mushanduro ye "mechanics", vhoriyamu ye3-cylinder injini ine simba re105 hp. inongova 1 litre, uye kumhanya pa autobahn iri pasi pe200 km / h. Kune matanhatu-speed automatic transmission, 4-cylinder 1,6 litre inoshandiswa. injini (136 hp).
Zvidyarwa zvesimba zveOpel Astra
Iyi modhi yeakakurumbira German automaker ndiyo mhare yakakwana pakati pehama dzayo maererano nehuwandu hweinjini dzakaiswa pane dzakasiyana siyana. Kwezvizvarwa zvishanu, kwaive nevakawanda vanosvika makumi mashanu nevasere vavo:
| Kumaka | Vhoriyamu, l. | Tora | Volume, | Simba guru, kW / hp | Power system |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| с 3 | |||||
| A13DTE | 1.2 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1248 | 70/95 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| A14NEL | 1.4 | turbocharged peturu | 1364 | 88/120 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| A14NET | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 101 / 138, 103 / 140 | DOHC, DCVCP |
| A14XEL | 1.4 | peturu | 1398 | 64/87 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| A14XER | 1.4 | -: - | 1398 | 74/100 | DOHC |
| A16 ZVINYORE | 1.6 | turbocharged peturu | 1598 | 132/180 | yakananga jekiseni |
| A16XER | 1.6 | peturu | 1598 | 85 / 115, 103 / 140 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| A16XHT | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 125/170 | yakananga jekiseni |
| A17DTJ | 1.7 | dhiziri | 1686 | 81/110 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| A17DTR | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 92/125 | -: - |
| A20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1956 | 118/160, 120/163, 121/165 | -: - |
| A20DTR | 2 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1956 | 143/195 | -: - |
| B16DTH | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 100/136 | -: - |
| B16DTL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 81/100 | -: - |
| C14NZ | 1.4 | peturu | 1389 | 66/90 | jekiseni rimwe chete, SOHC |
| C14 SE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 60/82 | chiteshi jekiseni, SOHC |
| C18 XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1799 | 85/115 | -: - |
| C20XE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 110/150 | -: - |
| X14NZ | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | -: - |
| X14XE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| X16SZ | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 52 / 71, 55 / 75 | jekiseni rimwe chete, SOHC |
| X16SZR | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 55 / 75, 63 / 85 | jekiseni rimwe chete, SOHC |
| X16XEL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| X17DT | 1.7 | turbocharged peturu | 1686 | 60/82 | SOHC |
| X17DTL | 1.7 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1700 | 50/68 | -: - |
| X18XE | 1.8 | peturu | 1799 | 85/115 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| X18XE1 | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/115, 85/116, 92/125 | -: - |
| X20DTL | 2 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1995 | 60/82 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| X20XER | 2 | peturu | 1998 | 118/160 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Y17DT | 1.7 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1686 | 55/75 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| Y20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 74/100 | -: - |
| Y20DTL | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 60/82 | -: - |
| Y22DTR | 2.2 | -: - | 2172 | 88 / 120, 92 / 125 | -: - |
| Z12XE | 1.2 | peturu | 1199 | 55/75 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Z13DTH | 1.3 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1248 | 66/90 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| Z14XEL | 1.4 | peturu | 1364 | 55/75 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Z14XEP | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 64 / 87, 66 / 90 | -: - |
| KUBVA 16 YEARS | 1.6 | turbocharged peturu | 1598 | 132/180 | -: - |
| Z16SE | 1.6 | peturu | 1598 | 62 / 84, 63 / 85 | -: - |
| Z16XE | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | -: - |
| Z16XE1 | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XEP | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74/100, 76/103, 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XER | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 85/115 | -: - |
| Z16YNG | 1.6 | gasi | 1598 | 71/97 | -: - |
| Z17DTH | 1.7 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1686 | 74/100 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| Z17DTL | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 59/80 | -: - |
| Z18XE | 1.8 | peturu | 1796 | 90 / 122, 92 / 125 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Z18XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/116 | -: - |
| Z18XER | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 103/140 | -: - |
| Z19DT | 1.9 | dhiziri turbocharged | 1910 | 88/120 | Zvakajairika Rail |
| Z19DTH | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88 / 120, 110 / 150 | -: - |
| Z19DTJ | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88/120 | -: - |
| Z19DTL | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 74 / 100, 88 / 120 | -: - |
| Z20LEL | 2 | turbocharged peturu | 1998 | 125/170 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Z20LER | 2 | peturu mumhepo | 1998 | 125/170 | jekiseni rejekiseni rakananga |
| turbocharged peturu | 1998 | 147/200 | |||
| KUBVA 20 YEARS | 2 | turbocharged peturu | 1998 | 140/190, 141/192, 147/200 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| Z22SE | 2.2 | peturu | 2198 | 108/147 | yakananga jekiseni |
Mamota maviri kubva pamutsetse wese anoshamisa kupfuura mamwe. Iwo maviri-litre Z20LER chete akaburitswa pasi pechinyorwa chimwe chete mushanduro mbiri dzakasiyana:
- mumhepo, ine jekiseni remafuta rakananga, 170 hp
- mazana maviri ejekiseni rakasimba, rine turbocharger.
Iyo Z16YNG ndiyo yega yegasi injini yeOpel Astra.
Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa injini yeOpel Astra
Zviri nyore kusiyanisa mota, iyo kazhinji kupfuura dzimwe yakava hwaro hwesimba remagetsi paOpel Astra mota. Iyi ndiyo 1,6-lita peturu injini yeZ16 yakatevedzana. Zvishanu zvekugadzirisa kwayo zvakaburitswa (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Vose vaiva nevhoriyamu yakafanana - 1598 cubic centimeters. Mumagetsi emagetsi enjini, jekiseni raishandiswa kugovera mafuta - yakagoverwa jekiseni control unit.
Iyi 101 hp injini muna 2000, akazova mutsivi weinjini yeX16XEL, iyo yakaiswa pamhando dzakasiyana dzeOpel. Yakashandiswa kwemakore mashanu paAstra G. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvekugadzira, inofanira kuonekwa kuvapo kweMultec-S (F) control system, electronic throttle control. Oxygen sensors akaiswa kumativi ose e catalyst.
Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwayo kukuru, kushanda kwayo kwakanga kusiri pasina matambudziko. Iwo makuru anosanganisira:
- kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta;
- backlash of collector mounting parts.
Kubatsira vatyairi vanosangana nematambudziko nekushanda kweinjini, vagadziri vakaisa iyo EOBD yekuzviongorora system. Nekubatsira kwayo, unogona kuwana chikonzero chekusashanda zvakanaka mujini nekukurumidza.
Sarudzo chaiyo yeinjini kana uchitenga Astra
Nzira yekusarudza yakanyatsobatanidzwa yekugadzirwa kwemotokari uye simiti yemagetsi inogara ichiperekedzwa nemafungiro anorwadza, kudzidza kwenguva refu kwemichina uye, pakupedzisira, kuzviedza. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEcotec injini, hazvina kuoma kusarudza iyo yakakwana dhizaini yemagetsi chirimwa cheOpel Astra. Iwo matatu epamusoro eakasiyana ongororo uye zviyero zvemakore achangopfuura agara achisanganisira iyo turbocharged peturu A14NET. Engine displacement - 1364 cm3, simba - 1490 hp. kukurumidza kumhanya - 202 km / h.
Iyo turbocharger inobatsira injini kubata zviri nyore nekutyaira mumigwagwa yechero kuoma uye kurongeka. Zvichienzaniswa chero maviri-lita injini, rinotarisa zvikuru ane chivimbo. Zvinoshamisa kuti mugadziri akaisa turbine painjini yevhoriyamu diki zvakadaro. Asi ivo vakazvifungidzira zvachose, sezvo injini yakave yakabudirira zvikuru. Mushure mekutanga muna 2010, akabva apinda mumutsara wemhando dzinoverengeka dzemotokari dzeOpel - Astra J uye GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.
Kuwana kwakanaka kwaive kuiswa kweketani yenguva. Inotarisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika kupfuura bhanhire. Nekuda kwekuiswa kwema hydraulic lifters, kudikanwa kwekugadziriswa kwevharuvhu nguva dzose kwakabviswa. Kushandura nguva yevhavha inotungamirirwa neDCVCP system. Turbine A14NET ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana:
- kuvimbika;
- profitability;
- saizi diki.
Iwo "cons" anosanganisira kusarudzwa kwakasarudzika kweyuniti kune kunaka kwemafuta ari kudururwa.
Injini haifanirwe kutakurwa zvakanyanya paunenge uchityaira. Haina kugadzirwa kusundidzira kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kuwana kumhanya kwepamusoro, senge A16XHT, kana A16LET. Sarudzo yakanakisa yekutyaira kutyaira zvine hupfumi nekumhanya kuri pakati nepakati. Kushandiswa kwemafuta hakupfuuri 5,5 malita. mumugwagwa mukuru, uye 9,0 malita. mumugwagwa weguta. Zvichienderana nezvose zvinodiwa nemugadziri, injini iyi inokonzeresa kuti mushandisi aite mashoma ematambudziko.
