Audi Engine Drive Test Range - Chikamu 2: 4.0 TFSI

Kuenderera mberi kweakateedzana ezvikwata zvekutya zveiyo mhando

Audi neBentley's sere-cylinder 4.0 TFSI ndiyo muenzaniso wekudzikisa mumapoka epamusoro. Yakatsiva iyo yakasikwa yaishuvira 4,2-lita uye 5,2-litre V10 unit yeS6, S7 uye S8 uye yaiwanikwa mumazinga emagetsi kubva pa420 kusvika 520bhp. kusvika ku605 hp zvichienderana nemuenzaniso. Panhamba idzi, injini yeAudi inokwikwidza zvakananga kuBMW's 4,4-liter N63 biturbo injini uye yayo S63 shanduro yeM-models. Sezvakaita BMW, ma turbocharger maviri akaiswa mukati memabhangi ehumburumbira, ayo ari pa90 madhigirii sekunge neiyo yapfuura 4,2-litre unit. Nekurongeka uku, kuwirirana kwakawanda kunowanikwa uye nzira yemagasi ekupedza inopfupikiswa. Iyo twin-scroll configuration (paBMW inongoshandiswa muS-version) inobvumira kudzikisa kusawirirana kwakashata kupesvedzera kwemapurusi kubva kumasilinda akasiyana uye kubvisa chikamu chikuru chesimba ravo rekinetic, uye inoitwa nemusanganiswa wakaoma we migero kubva kumasilinda emitsara yakasiyana. Iyi nheyo yekushanda inopa yakasimba yekuchengetedza torque kana ichimhanyisa kunyange mumamodhi zvishoma pamusoro pekumhanya kusina basa. Kunyangwe pa1000 rpm, iyo 4.0 TFSI yatova ne400 Nm. Iyo ine simba vhezheni yakagadzirira kuendesa torque yayo yakakura ye650 Nm (700 pa560 uye 605 hp shanduro) mukati mehupamhi kubva 1750 kusvika 5000 rpm, nepo standard's 550 Nm iripo kunyange kare - kubva 1400 kusvika 5250 rpm. Iyo injini block inogadzirwa nealuminium alloys ine homogeneous casting yealuminium pakumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye mumashanduro ane simba inowedzera kupisa kupisa. Kuti usimbise chivharo, shanu ductile iron inopinza inobatanidzwa muchikamu chayo chezasi. Sezvinei neiyo diki EA888 unit, iyo pombi yemafuta inochinja-chinja, uye pakadzika rpm uye mutoro, piston pazasi inotonhorera nozzles inodzimwa. Iyo logic yekutonhora kweinjini yakafanana, uko iyo control module inogadzirisa tembiricha munguva chaiyo, uye kutenderera kunoitwa kusvika tembiricha yekushanda yasvika. Kana iripo, mvura inotanga kufamba kubva mukati memasilinda kuenda kune musoro we cylinder, uye kana kupisa kuchidiwa, pombi yemagetsi inotungamirira mvura kubva kumusoro kusvika kune cabin. Pano zvakare, kupotsa kubvisa zvachose mafashama episton, majekiseni akati wandei emafuta paawa imwe neimwe anoitwa kana injini ichitonhora.

Bvisa chikamu chemasirinda

Iyo yakasarudzika mutoro silinda yekuvhara-kure system haisi nzira nyowani yekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, asi neAudi's turbocharged injini, mhinduro iyi yakagadziriswa. Pfungwa yetekinoroji dzakadai ndeyekuwedzera izvo zvinonzi. yekushandisa poindi - apo injini inoda chiyero chemagetsi chaizobata mana emakirinda masere, ekupedzisira anoshanda nenzira inoshanda zvakanyanya nehupamhi hwakawanda. Iyo yepamusoro muganho wesilinda deactivation oparesheni iri pakati pe25 ne40 muzana yeiyo yakanyanya torque (iri pakati pe120 ne250 Nm), uye mune iyi modhi avhareji inoshanda kumanikidza mumasilinda inowedzera zvakanyanya. Iyo tembiricha inotonhorera inofanirwa kunge yasvika pamadhigirii makumi matatu, kufambisa kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwechitatu kana kwakakwirira giya, uye injini inofanira kunge ichimhanya pakati pe30 ne960 rpm. Kana aya mamiriro akasangana, iyo system inovhara yekudyira uye yekupedza mavharuvhu maviri masirinda eimwe humbwe mutsara, iyo iyo V3500 unit inoramba ichishanda seV8.

Kuvharwa kwemavhavha anodiwa pamakamera mana anoitwa nekubatsira kweshanduro nyowani yekudzora zvikamu uye kurova kwemavhavha eAudi valvelift system. Iyo bushings ine cams iri pairi yekuvhura mavhavha maviri uye chiteshi zvinofambiswa padivi nerubatsiro rwemagetsi emagetsi nemapini, uye mushanduro nyowani zvakare vane makamera e "zero stroke". Iyo yekupedzisira haina kukanganisa mavhavha anosimudza uye matsime anoachengeta akavharwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, injini yekudzora injini inomira jekiseni remafuta uye kuvesa. Zvisinei, mavharuvhu asati avhara, makamuri emoto anozadzwa nemhepo nyowani - kutsiva kwemweya wekudzimisa nemhepo kunoderedza kumanikidza kuri mumasilinda uye simba rinodiwa kutyaira mapistoni.

Kana mutyairi achingodzvanya chiwedzera chekuwedzera chinowedzera kuomesa, masilinda akaremerwa anotanga kushanda zvekare. Kudzoka kune sere-humburumbira kushanda, pamwe neyakagadziriswa maitiro, yakanyatsojeka uye nekukurumidza, uye zvisingaite zvisingaite. Shanduko yese inoitika mumamirisikioni mazana matatu chete, uye shanduko yemamiriro inotungamira mukudzikiswa kwenguva pfupi mukubudirira, zvekuti kudzikiswa chaiko kwekushandisa kwemafuta kunotanga anenge masekondi matatu mushure mekubviswa kwesirinda.

Sekureva kwaAudi, vanhu vanobva kuBentley, avo vanoshandisa yepamusoro 4.0 TFSI yeiyo nyowani Continental GT (2012 kutanga), vakabatanidzwawo mukuvandudzwa kweiyi tekinoroji. Sisitimu yakadaro haisi nyowani kukambani uye inoshanda mu6,75-litre V8 unit.

V8 injini dzinozivikanwa kwete kwete chete nekuda kwekubata uye kupindirana kwekupindurana, asiwo nekushanda kwavo kwakanaka - uye izvi zvinoshanda musimba kuzere kune 4.0 TFSI. Nekudaro, kana injini yeV8 ichishanda seV4, zvinoenderana nemutoro uye nekumhanyisa, crankshaft yayo uye zvinhu zvinodzosera kumashure zvinotanga kuburitsa yakakwira torsional vibration. Izvi zvinotungamira mukuonekwa kwemheremhere chaiyo inopinda mukati memotokari. Nehukuru hwayo hukuru, iyo yekuzadza sisitimu inogadzirawo akasarudzika mabass kurira ayo akaomarara kudzvinyirira, kunyangwe ine akangwara gasi kuyerera kudzora system ine mavhavha. Mukutsvaga nzira dzekudzora kudedera uye ruzha, vagadziri veAudi vashandisa yakasarudzika tekinoroji maitiro, kugadzira maviri akasarudzika masystem - anti-kurira chizvarwa uye vibration damping.

Kutenda kune yakanyanya vortex maitiro panguva yekuzadza uye nekuwedzera mwero wekupisa, mwero wekumanikidza unogona kuwedzerwa zvisinei nekuvapo kweye turbocharging pasina njodzi yekukonzera kudonhedza mune yekupisa maitiro. Pane misiyano yetekinoroji pakati pesimba rakasiyana reshanduro ye4.0 TFSI, senge kushandiswa kweyechete- kana mbiri-dunhu rekutora system, akasiyana masisitimu ekushandisa eiyo turbocharger uye kuvepo kwekuwedzera oiri inotonhorera mumayuniti ane simba. Iko kune zvakare musiyano wemuumbirwo mumakorapfits uye avo makuru mabheyari, mwero wekumanikidza, zvikamu zvekuparadzirwa kwegasi uye majekiseni zvakasiyana.

Anoshanda ruzha kudzora uye vibration damping

Active Noise Control (ANC) inopesana neruzha rusingadiwe nekugadzira "anti-kurira". Nheyo iyi inozivikanwa sekukanganisa kunoparadza: kana mafungu maviri ezwi eakafanana frequency achipindirana, maapliplus avo anogona "kurongedzwa" kuitira kuti vadzikiswe pamwe chete. Nechinangwa ichi, kwavo kukura kunofanira kunge kwakafanana, asi vanofanirwa kunge vari kunze kwechikamu pamadhigirii zana neshanu zvichienzaniswa, kureva kuti vanofanirwa kunge vari mune antiphase. Nyanzvi zvakare dzinodaidza maitiro aya "kudzoreredza ruzha kubvisa". Mhando dzeAudi, dzinozopa iyo nyowani 180 TFSI yuniti, yakagadzirirwa mamaikorofoni mana madiki akabatanidzwa mudenga remberi. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinonyora ruzha rwuzere munzvimbo iri pedyo. Zvichienderana nemasaini aya, module yekudzora yeANC inogadzira yakapesana nzvimbo ruzha pikicha, nepo panguva imwechete iyo crankshaft yekumhanyisa sensor inopa ruzivo nezve iyi paramende. Munzvimbo dzese dzakatemerwa nzvimbo iyo sisitimu inoratidza ruzha runovhiringidza, inogadzira zvine mutsindo kurira kwekubvisa. Kushanda ruzha ruzha rwakagadzirira kushanda chero nguva - kunyangwe iyo odhiyo sisitimu iripo kana kudzima uye kana ruzha rwakawedzerwa, rwaderedzwa, nezvimwe. Iyo sisitimu inoshandawo zvisinei nesystem iyo iyo mota yakagadzirirwa.

Nzira yekudzikisira kudedera yakafanana chaizvo nepfungwa. Mukutaura, Audi inoshandisa akaomarara, marongero emitambo enjini inokwira. Kune iyo 4.0 TFSI, mainjiniya akagadzira anoshanda ekumisikidza mabhureki kana mapedhi ane chinangwa chekubvisa mota kudedera neakaora akadzokororwa oscillations Chinhu chakakosha mune ino sisitimu yemagetsi inokonzeresa kudedera. Iyo ine magineti anogara aripo uye inomhanya-mhanya coil, iyo kufamba kwayo kunoendeswa kuburikidza neyakagadziriswa membrane kune kamuri ine mvura. Urume uhwu hunotora zvese kudengenyeka kunokonzerwa nemota uye neavo vanozvipikisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvi zvinhu zvinodzora kudedera kwete chete mune atypical mashandiro modhi senge V4, asi zvakare mune yakajairwa V8 modhi, iine hanya zvakanyanya kubhadharwa kune idling.

(kutevera)

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev

2020-08-30