Fiat 0.9 TwinAir maviri-humburumbira injini
Yakapetwa humburumbira? Mushure mezvose, Fiat haisi chinhu chitsva. Kwete kare kare Fiat yaigadzira yakawanda muTychy, Poland, inonzi. Iyo "diki" (Fiat 126 P), inozivikanwa munyika medu, inotyairwa neanotinhira uye inodedera mweya-yakatonhorera maviri-humburumbira injini. Mushure mekumbomira zvishoma (iyo mbiri-humburumbira Fiat 2000 yaive ichiri kugadzirwa muna 126), Fiat Boka rakasarudza kupindazve munyika yemaviri-humburumbira injini. Iyo SGE maviri-humburumbira injini inogadzirwa muBielsko-Biala, Poland.
Zvishoma zve "shoma cylindrical" nhoroondo
Vatyairi vedzimotokari vakura vakawanda vanoyeuka mazuva apo injini yemasilinda maviri (isina turbocharged, hongu) yakanga iri dambudziko rakajairika. Mukuwedzera kune "mwana" anotinhira, vazhinji vanoyeuka Fiat 500 yekutanga (1957-1975), iyo yaiva nejini-cylinder maviri kumashure, Citroen 2 CV (boxer engine) uye Trabant yakakurumbira (BMV - Bakelite Motor Vehicle) . ) ine mavhiri maviri-cylinder injini uye mberi-vhiri dhiraivha. Hondo isati yatanga, mhando yeDKW yakabudirira yaive nemhando dzakawanda dzakafanana. Iyo F1 yaive piyona wemota diki dzematanda kubva 1931, uye matatu-cylinder injini yakashandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeDKW kusvika makumi mashanu. Maviri-cylinder bestsellers LLoyd muBremen (1950-1961, maviri- uye mana-stroke) uye Glas kubva kuDingolfing (Goggomobil 1955-1969). Kunyangwe iyo diki yakazara otomatiki DAF kubva kuNetherlands yakashandisa maviri-cylinder injini kusvika kumaXNUMXs.
Pasinei nechitendero chakakurumbira chokuti hazvina maturo kuva nemasilinda asingasviki mana mumotokari, Fiat yakasarudza kutora danho iri. Varidzi ve "nyika yakakurumbira" HTP vanogona kutaura pamusoro peizvi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti injini ye-cylinder ine chiyero chakanaka chevhoriyamu kusvika pamusoro pemakamuri ekupisa, pamwe nekurasikirwa kwakaderera, izvo zvinodzorera rudzi urwu rweinjini pachirongwa chevazhinji vanogadzira motokari. . Kusvika parizvino, Fiat yanga iri yekutanga kutora basa rekushandura iyo yaimbova "kupopota" uye kudedera "mutsvairo" kuita murume ane mwero. Mushure mekuongorora kwakati wandei nenharaunda yevatapi venhau, tinogona kutaura kuti pamwero mukuru akabudirira. Kuderedzwa kwekushandisa kunobatsirawo mukuderedzwa kwegreenhouse gasi. Fiat inochengetedza nhamba yekutanga mukudzikisa zvikepe CO emission limits2 muna 2009 avhareji ye127 g / km.
0,9 kaviri humburumbira SGE ine chaiyo vhoriyamu ye875 cc3 yakanga yakagadzirirwa kutsiva mamwe emhando dzisina kusimba dzemoto wakareba-wakamira MOTO mana-humburumbira. Pane kupokana, inofanirwa kuunza zvakakosha kuchengetedza kwete chete pane kunwa uye CO choutsi.2, asi izvi zvinonyanya kuchengetedza kwakakura muhukuru uye nemutengo wekugadzira. Inofananidzwa neinjini ina-humburumbira yakafanana, ndeye 23 cm ipfupi uye yegumi yakareruka. Kunyanya, inongori 33 cm chete uye inorema 85 kg chete. Zviyero zvidiki uye huremu hazvingoderedze mitengo yekugadzira nezvinhu zvishoma, asi zvakare zvine zvazvinoita pakukwirisa mashandiro uye nehupenyu hwechasisi zvinhu. Kune dzimwewo nzira dziri nani dzekuisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinoderedza kushandiswa, sekuisa imwe mota yemagetsi yezvikwata zvehybrid kana kutendeuka kusinganetse kuLPG kana CNG.
Yekutanga serial yekushandisa kweinjini iyi yaive 2010 Fiat, yakapihwa kuGeneva uye yakatengeswa kubva munaGunyana 500, yakashongedzerwa neshanduro yemabhiza 85 (63 kW). Sekureva kwemugadziri, inogadzira paavhareji chete 95 g yeC0.2 pamakiromita, iyo inoenderana neavhareji yekushandisa ye3,96 l / 100 km. Inobva pane shanduro yemhepo ine simba re 48 kW. Mimwe misiyano miviri yatove neturbocharger uye inopa 63 uye 77 kW yemagetsi. Injini ine TwinAir hunhu, apo Twin zvinoreva macylinders maviri uye Air ndiyo Multiair system, i.e. electro-hydraulic timing, kutsiva camshaft yekutora. Silinda yega yega ine hydraulic unit yayo ine solenoid valve inosarudza nguva yekuvhura.
Injini ine zvese-aruminiyamu yekuvaka uye ine isina kunanga mafuta jekiseni. Kutenda kune yambotaurwa MultiAir system, iyo hwese cheni yenguva yakaganhurirwa kune imwe yakavimbika yekuzvisarudzira cheni ine refu tensioner iyo inotyaira iyo yekuzorora-padivi camshaft. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa, zvaive zvakakodzera kuisa shaft yekudzora inotenderera zvakapetwa kaviri kumhanya kune yakatarisana nekwa crankshaft, kwairi kunotungamirwa kwakanangana nespur giya. Iyo mvura-yakatonhorera turbocharger chikamu chemapaipi ekudzimisa uye, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwazvino uye saizi diki, inopa mhinduro nekukurumidza kune iyo yekuwedzera yekumhanyisa. Panyaya yetorque, vhezheni ine simba kwazvo inofananidzwa neyakajairika aspirated 1,6. Injini nesimba 85 uye 105 zvapano yakagadzirirwa tangi yemvura yakatonhorera kubva kuMitsubishi. Nekuda kweiyi tekinoroji kukwana, hapana chikonzero chevharuvhu yekuvhara.
Sei uchida bhalanzi shaft?
Kunatsiridzwa nekudzikama kweinjini kunoenderana zvakananga nenhamba yesirinda uye dhizaini, nemutemo wekuti isinganzwisisike uye kunyanya mashoma masilinda anodzikisira mashandiro enjini. Dambudziko rinomuka nenyaya yekuti maPiston anokudziridza masimba makuru einertial kana achifamba kumusoro uye pasi, iro pesvedzero yacho inofanira kubviswa. Iwo ekutanga masimba anomuka apo iyo pisitoni inowedzera uye inoderera panzvimbo yakafa nzvimbo. Iwo emauto echipiri anogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwekufamba kwetsvimbo yekubatanidza kumativi ari pakati pekukombama kwecrankshaft. Unyanzvi hwekugadzira mota ndewekuti ese inertial masimba anoshanda pamwe chete achishandisa vibration dampers kana counterweights. Iyo gumi nembiri-humburumbira kana matanhatu-humburumbira injini-sandara injini yakanakira kutyaira. Iyo yakasarudzika mu-mutsara mana-humburumbira injini inosangana yakakwira torsional vibrations inokonzera kudengenyeka. Iwo maPiston ari muiri humburumbira ari panguva imwe chete kumusoro nepazasi vakafa, saka zvaive zvakakodzera kuisa shaft yekukwikwidzana kurwisa masimba asingadiwe.
