Dual mass flywheel, njanji yakajairika uye turbocharging - maitiro ekudzikisa njodzi yekutadza kweazvino injini dzedhiziri?

Injini dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano dzinokwezva nekushanda kwakanaka, kufambisa kwakanyanya, tsika yepamusoro yebasa uye kuderera kwemafuta. Mutengo weiyi dhizaini yakaoma uye inodhura kugadzirisa. Asi kumwe kuparara kunogona kudziviswa nekushanda kwakakodzera.

Nguva apo madhiziri akanga ari nyore, kunyange magadzirirwo echinyakare, aenda zvachose. Injini dzedhiziri dzeTurbocharged dzakave dzakajairika muma1.9s uye Volkswagen yakawana mukurumbira wakawanda neinjini yayo isingafe yeXNUMX TDI. Idzi injini dzaive nekushanda kwakanaka uye dzaive nemari asi dzine ruzha.

Zvichangoburwa zvakati nyararei, zvakaenzana neinjini dzepeturu. Vane simba rinopfuura 150 hp. uye torque hombe, ichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune nzendo refu. Uye vakasikwa vachifunga nezvavo. Heino mhedziso yemhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzinoshandiswa mumainjini edhiziri emazuva ano, rondedzero yematambudziko avo makuru uye maitiro ekuadzivirira.

Dual-mass flywheel - nekuda kwayo, iyo dizeli haizununguki

Iyo torque inowedzera inowanikwa neinjini nekumhanya kwakaderera uye kudzoreredzwa kwese kwechimiro kunokonzeresa kuitika kwakawanda kwekuzununguka kweiyo torsional vibrations mu crank-rod system. Panguva imwecheteyo, vagadziri vari kuyedza kuderedza uremu hwedhiraivha nekushandisa light-alloy zvinhu zvine low vibration damping. Izvi zvinhu zvinotungamira kune yakakwira vibrations yeinjini inomhanya, ine mhedzisiro inoparadza pagiya bhokisi, propeller shafts, majoini nemabhengi. Zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kumutyairi nevafambi.

Kuti akunde dambudziko rekudengenyeka, mavhiri maviri-mass flywheels ari kuwedzera kushandiswa muinjini dzedhiziri (asi zvakare muinjini dzepeturu). Ichi chinhu panguva imwe chete chinoita mabasa eiyo classic flywheel uye vibration damper. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, node iyi ine maviri anonzi masasi, epuraimari nesekondari. Pakati pavo pane vibration damper, iyo, nekuda kwezvitubu uye discs, inoderedza kuzhinji kwekudengenyeka kunogadzirwa nedhiraivha system.

Nzira yekuchengetedza sei dual mass flywheel?

Dhizaini yemaviri-mass flywheel yakaoma, uye chinhu pachacho chinoiswa pasi pekuremerwa kukuru. Zvese izvi zvinoreva kuti hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi hupfupi. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha zvikuru kuti motokari inoshandiswa sei. Kunyangwe iyo mbiri mbiri huru inobhururuka ichibatsira kuchengetedza mafuta nekupa rwendo rwakatsetseka pakaderera revs, haifanirwe kutenderera pazasi 1500 rpm panguva yekushanda. Pazasi pehukoshi uhwu, mavibrations anoitika anoremedza zvinhu zvinonyorovesa zveflywheel. Kutanga kwakaoma uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kunoita kuti chikamu chinodhura ichi chipfeke nekukurumidza. Kutasva pahafu yekubatanidza kunobvumirwa chete mumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana, sezvo inokonzera kupisa kwegadziriro yose uye kuchinja kwekusagadzikana kwemafuta kune akakurumbira maviri-mass, semugumisiro wezvikamu zvinofamba zvinogona kubata.

Onawo: Glow plugs mune dizeli injini - basa, kutsiva, mitengo. Guide

Sezvauri kuona, kushanda nguva dzose mumigwagwa yeguta, kutanga kazhinji uye shanduko yegiya haishandire iyo iyo mbiri-mas flywheel; inowana yakakura-isina dambudziko mileage mumotokari dzinovhara nzira refu uye dzakanyarara. Zviratidzo zvekupfeka zvinonzwika kugogodza pasina kuita, mavibrations uye jerks paunodzvanya gasi zvine simba. Iyo yepamusoro sosi yehuviri-mass flywheel ndeye 150-200 zviuru. km (nechinyoro chekutyaira). Muchiitiko chekusatevedzera kurudziro uye kuwanda kwekushanda mumigwagwa yemuguta, iyo dual-mass flywheel ingangoda kutsiviwa nechekare pamakiromita asingasviki 100 km. km.

Dual mass flywheel - inodhura marii kutenga itsva uye inodhura marii kudzosera?

Mitengo yemavhiri matsva maviri-mavhiri anosiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa uye modhi yemota, semuenzaniso (vagadziri: LUK neValeo):

• Opel Vectra C 1.9 CDTI 120 km - PLN 1610,
• Renault Laguna III 2.0 dCi 130 km - PLN 2150,
• Ford Focus II 1.8 TDCI 115 km - PLN 1500,
• Honda Accord 2.2 i-CTDi 140 km - 2260 zlotych.

Kumari iri pamusoro apa inofanira kuwedzerwa mari yebasa, iyo ichaita avhareji PLN 500-700. Izvi hazvina kukwana, saka kazhinji vhiri rembiri rinotsiviwa pamwe chete neclutch kudzivirira kubvarura kaviri uye kunodhura kwekutapurirana. Zvakakodzera kutaura mukana wekuvandudzwa kweiyo dual-mass flywheel. Kuvhiya uku kuchakubvumidza kuti uchengetedze kusvika hafu yemari yawaizofanira kushandisa pakutenga chinhu chitsva. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti gumbo richawanazve kushanda uye kusimba kwechikamu chitsva chete kana zvese zvakasakara uye zvisizvo zvinotsiviwa. Kazhinji inotsiviwa: zvitubu, multi-groove bushing, spacing shangu, shangu dzinoparadzanisa sarudzo kubva kumusoro uye pasi mahwendefa, high-temperature girisi. Zvakakoshawo kuti zvikamu zvakasungirirwa zvienderane nemuenzaniso.

Turbocharger - kuvonga kwaari, dizeli ine kick

Mitemo yakasimba yekubudisa mhepo yakamanikidza kushandiswa kweturbocharger kunyange mumainjini maduku. Kubva pakuona kwevagadziri, iyi ndiyo mhinduro inobatsira, sezvo mari yekuwedzera simba remotokari ine turbocharger yakaderera zvikuru kwavari kupfuura kuchinjwa kwechinyakare kwemusoro uye kufambisa kwekufambisa. Kwete pasina kukosha zvinhu zvakaita sekudzikisa huremu hweinjini uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuburitswa kwataurwa pamusoro kwecarbon dioxide nezvimwe zvinokuvadza.

Imwe neimwe turbocharger ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: turbine uye compressor. Iyo turbine rotor inofambiswa nemagasi emagetsi einjini uye inosvika kumhanya inopfuura 200 rpm. Iyo yakabatanidzwa ne shaft kune compressor rotor. Iyo yekubatanidza sisitimu inobereka uye inozorwa neoiri injini. Iyo rotors inodzivirirwa kubva kumafuta ingress kuburikidza neO-mhete. Basa re turbocharger nderekupomba chikamu chekuwedzera chemhepo mune yakawanda yekudyara, ine avhareji yekumanikidza ye000-1,3 bar. Somugumisiro, injini inopisa mafuta akawanda munguva pfupi, izvo zvinowedzera kushanda kwemaitiro uye naizvozvo kushanda kwemotokari.

Nzira yekuchengetedza sei turbocharger?

Anenge ese injini dzedhiziri anogadzirwa nhasi ane turbocharger. Mhinduro yacho inonyanya kufarirwa, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, inonzwa kushata kwakashata uye nekukurumidzira. Hazvibvumirwi kutanga nekukurumidza uye kusvika pakumhanya kwepamusoro nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga injini. Iyo turbine inoda kubvumidzwa nguva yekudziya, kutenderera uye kuwana kwakaringana lubrication. Pfungwa yekupedzisira inonyanya kukosha: zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti injini yemafuta ndeyemhando yepamusoro uye kuchena, uye inofanirawo kuchinjwa kakawanda. Iyo yekutsiva inopindirana yakanakisa hafu, sezvakakurudzirwa nemugadziri (munguva zhinji ichava 7-10 zviuru zvemakiromita). Mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu nekumhanya kwakanyanya, usakurumidza kudzima injini, asi kumirira anenge maminetsi maviri nekumhanya kwakaderera kusvikira turbocharger rotors ichidzika uye chinhu chose chinotonhora zvishoma. Kana izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa dzikateverwa, hupenyu hwesevhisi yeturbocharger hunofanira kuwedzerwa.

Turbocharger kuvandudzwa

Nekudaro, kana mabhengi akabatwa kana rotor ikakuvadzwa, iyo turbocharger inogona kazhinji kuvakwa patsva. Inosanganisira kunyatsocheneswa kweturbine uye nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu zvakasakara. Panyaya yehurongwa husina kuoma, i.e. turbine ine yakagadziriswa rotor blade geometry, iyi nzira inowanzopa mhedzisiro inotarisirwa, uye zvese, kusanganisira basa, zvinogona kudhura zvishoma pane PLN 1000. Nekudaro, kana ari masisitimu ane inoshanduka geometry, uko kune mamwe anonzi exhaust vanes akatenderedza denderedzwa reiyo turbine rotor, nyaya yacho yakanyanya kuoma. Iwo madhairekitori emagetsi mabhuradhi ayo, nekuchinja chinzvimbo chawo, anodzora kudzvanywa kwekuwedzera uye kubatsira kuunza kune akanyanya kukosha zvinoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti udzikise kuitika kwezvinonzi. turbo denderedzwa. Nekuda kwekudzika kwakadzika tembiricha yemafuta edhiziri, masisitimu aya anonyanya kushandiswa mumainjini edhiziri.

Maturbocharger matsva ane blade geometry anogona kudhura zvinodarika PLN 5000, saka hazvishamise kuti vatyairi vanosarudza kugadzira patsva zvinhu zvakasakara. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinoitika kuti maitiro, iyo mari inowanzopfuura PLN 2000, haiunzi migumisiro inotarisirwa - pasina midziyo yakasarudzwa uye midziyo yebasa, hazvibviri kuita kugadzirisa nenzira yekuchengetedza iyo yekutanga injini parameters. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, mota dzinorasikirwa kusvika hafu yesimba radzo rakayerwa uye torque. Kana tichifunga kugadzira patsva blade blade geometry turbocharger, tinofanira kusarudza wekishopu yehunyanzvi uye yemazuva ano. Kune musika wezvitsva zvinotsiva turbocharger, asi nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hunotyisa uye kusawirirana, mhinduro yakadaro haina kukodzera kufunga.

- Unogona kuziva turbocharger yakasakara nezviratidzo zvinotevera: mota inoputa zvakanyanya kubva papombi yekuburitsa, nekuti mweya mushoma unopihwa necompressor uchikonzeresa soot, muridzo uye kurira kwesimbi kunonzwika kana uchityaira wakaderera, mota inogona kunge "inetsvina. ”. Tinofanirawo kunetsekana nekudonha kwemafuta kubva muturbocharger,” anodaro Zbigniew Domański, Moto-Mix Service Nyanzvi muSiedlce.

Fparticulate filter (DPF / FAP) - nekuda kwayo, iyo turbodiesel haiputi

Tekinoroji yekuchenesa soot yakashandiswa mukupindura kutangwa kweEU emission standards Euro 4 uye Euro 5. DPF (dry filtration) uye FAP (soot afterburning) mafirita ave kushandiswa munenge mumotokari dzese dzedhiziri dzinogadzirwa nhasi. Particulate mafirita ari mu exhaust system, kazhinji mushure meiyo catalytic converter, uye ine imba uye chinhu. Iyo yekuisa inogadzirwa neakawanda network yesilicon carbide migero yakavharwa nesoot inonwisa makomisheni. Sezvineiwo, mafirita sarudzo ane mashoma. Vagadziri vakapa sefa yekuzvichenesa nzira, iyo inosanganisira kupisa soot mairi. Iyo nzira inowanzoitika zviuru zvishoma zvemakiromita. Zvisinei, panofanira kuva nemamiriro akakodzera eizvi, i.e. mukana wekutyaira kwakagadzikana nekumhanya kwakanyanya kwemaminetsi gumi-10. Saka, unofanirwa kutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru kana mugwagwa mukuru.

Soot afterburning kurapwa haisi nguva dzose inoshanda; Paive nezviitiko apo imwe chikamu chemafuta, yakanyungudutswa kuti iwedzere kumhanya kweinjini, uye nekudaro tembiricha yemagasi ekupedza, yakapinda mumafuta einjini, ichiidzikisa. Ngozi yechiitiko chakadaro inomuka zvakanyanya kana chiitiko chekuti mushure memoto unovhiringidzwa nemutyairi, semuenzaniso, kana chiitiko chisingatarisirwe munzira: kamwe kamwe braking, giya rinoshanduka uye, nekudaro, kutsauka kweinjini kubva. kukurumidza kukurumidza. Migumisiro inogona kuva nengozi zvikuru kune mamiriro ejini, pamwe chete ne turbocharger, iyo yakasvibiswa nemafuta. Mukuwedzera, pane nguva dzose zvisingasviki zvikamu mu soot, kuunganidza izvo, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, zvinotungamirira kukuvhara zvachose kwesefa, izvo zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwekuitsiva. Uye iyi inogara iri mutengo wezviuru zvakati zlotys, kazhinji sefa nyowani inofungidzirwa pa10000 zlotys.

Nzira yekuchengeta sei particulate sefa?

Kutyaira muguta kunogona kuuraya mafirita edhiziri. Kana iyo mota isiri kushandiswa pamotokari, mamiriro ari mumhepo yekupisa haana kukwana kupisa soot. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pano ndechekuziva kwemutyairi. Kana isu tikashandisa mota yedu nguva zhinji muguta, inodhura yega 2-3 zviuru. makiromita, famba rwendo rwemakumi emakiromita akati wandei uchitevedza nzira.

Onawo: Injini yedhiziri yemazuva ano - zvinogoneka uye kuti ungabvisa sei sefa kubva pairi - gwara

Kunyangwe kutevedzera kurudziro, hupenyu hwesevhisi hwesefa hahupfuuri 150-200 zviuru zvemamaira. km. Chiratidzo chesefa yakavharwa kazhinji kudonha kwesimba uye injini inoenda kune emergency mode. Ipapo iwe unogona kuedza kumanikidza kubviswa kwekabhoni pasi pemamiriro ekushanda, asi izvi hazvisi nguva dzose zvinoshanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, kubviswa kwesefa kunogara kwakabatana nehuwandu hwezvimwe zvigadziriso (exhaust, software) uye inodhura PLN 1500-3000. Iri zvakare sarudzo isiri pamutemo, uye mota yakashandurwa nenzira iyi haina mukana wekusangana neyakaomesesa emission standard. Izvi zvinogona kuguma nemapurisa akabatirira pahumbowo, kana matambudziko ekupfuura anosungirwa kuongororwa mota pachiteshi chekuongorora mota.

Mafuta majekiseni - injini yedhiziri inovakwereta kuita uye kuderera kwemafuta.

Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chemazuva ano ejini dizeli ijekiseni yemafuta edhiziri, ayo nhasi anowanzo shanda mune yakajairika njanji system. Injector yakajairika ine muviri, solenoid, vharafu yekudzora, uye jekiseni tip. Zvinhu zviviri zvekupedzisira zvinowanzokundikana. Kana vharuvhu yasakara, mafuta anodirwa anodzoserwa mutangi. Zvadaro hatizotangi injini. Kune rimwe divi, chiratidzo chikuru cheakavharika kana akapfekwa ejekiseni matipi utsi hutema. Common Rail majekiseni akakamurwa kuita electromagnetic uye piezoelectric majekiseni. Parizvino, hapana matekinoroji akapupurirwa uye anoshanda ekugadzirisa uye kuvandudzwa kwepiezo majekiseni; matanho anogumira kukuongorora kwavo uye kutsiva neatsva.

Common njanji jekiseni regeneration

Nekudaro, mota dzinotongwa nemagetsi majekiseni emagetsi, kuvandudzwa kwayo iri nzira yakakurumbira uye inoshanda yekugadzirisa. Majekiseni eDenso ndiwo anosarudzika pano. Nepo masisitimu uye machati ekugadzirisa aripo kune Bosch neDelphi masisitimu, Denso inoita kuti zvisaite kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvayo kubva pakutanga. Mitsipa yekambani iyi yakaiswa pamotokari dzemhando dzakawanda dzeJapan, pamwe chete nedzimwe motokari dzeFord neFiat. Munguva ichangopfuura, Denso akatanga kuunza mutemo wakadzikama zvishoma, uye musangano wakabvumirwa wakatotangwa muPoland, unobata nekuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni akadaro. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso (semuenzaniso, Toyota), unogona kutenga majekiseni ipapo pamitengo kubva PLN 700 kusvika PLN 1400 imwe neimwe, iyo isingasviki hafu yemutengo wechinhu chitsva chinowanikwa kubva kumugadziri.

Onawo: Kuvandudza uye kugadziriswa kwedhiziri majekiseni - akanakisa jekiseni masisitimu

Kugadziriswazve kweBosch neDelphi masisitimu kwakachipa zvakanyanya; Tichagamuchira chikamu chakazara-chakazara muhuwandu hwePLN mazana maviri kusvika ku200, uye mutengo wechinhu chitsva zvachose uchabva kuPLN 700 kusvika ku900. Mitengo haisanganisi mutengo webasa - kubva PLN 1500 kusvika 200 yekusangana kwekiti. Zvisinei, kune piezoelectric injectors isingagoni kugadziriswa, tichafanira kubhadhara kubva ku300 kusvika ku1000 zł pachidimbu; mienzaniso yemhando dzavakashandiswa: Skoda Octavia 1500 TDI CR, Renault Laguna 2.0 dCi, Mercedes E2.0 CDI.

Maitiro ekutarisira majekiseni muinjini yedhiziri ine yakajairika njanji system uye kwete chete?

Kutadza kwejekiseni mumainjini edhiziri kunowanzo kukonzerwa nemafuta edhiziri asina kunaka. Kune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano, zvinonzi sulfur-isina mafuta anoshandiswa, sezvo sarufa inobatsira kukurumidza kupera kweinjector nozzles. Kuvapo kwemvura uye kusvibiswa mumafuta kunogona kupedza hupenyu hwemajekiseni nekukurumidza, sezvo vachifanira kutsungirira kumanikidzika kusvika ku2000 bar.

Iyo chete, asi kusvika pari zvino inokahadzika nzira yekudzivirira ndeyekuwedzera mafuta chete pazviteshi zvakaratidzwa. Rangarira kushandura sefa yemafuta nguva nenguva; Zvakare, kucheneswa nguva nenguva kwetangi remafuta mumamiriro echiPolish kunoonekwa semhinduro inonzwisisika yekudzivirira. Kunyangwe pakuisa mafuta nedhiziri pazviteshi zvakanaka, mushure mekumhanya kwe50 zviuru. km pazasi pe tangi yemafuta panogona kunge paine sludge yakawanda, iyo, kana yakayamwa nepombi, ichakuvadza majekiseni.

Onawo: Itsva compact mota - kuenzanisa mutengo wekutenga uye kushandisa yakakurumbira mhando

- Paunenge uchishanda mota ine injini yedhiziri yemazuva ano, zvakakosha kutevedzera zvese zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekugadzirisa nguva dzose uye neunyanzvi, nokuti injini idzi, nekuda kwekuoma kwavo, dzinoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nekutevera iyi mitemo uye kushandisa mota yako zvine hungwaru mumigwagwa yakasanganiswa, haungadzivise kutadza kwejekiseni kana sefa yakavharwa yedhiziri. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe usati watenga mota, unofanirwa kufunga nezve iyo kazhinji isinganetsi peturu, nekuti kazhinji mari inochengetwa pamafuta inofanira kusiiwa pachiteshi chebasa, anorayira Zbigniew Domański.