Kushanda uye kugadzirisa kwekufambisa kwemanyore

Chinangwa uye mudziyo wemakanika "bhokisi"

Iyo bhuku rekufambisa rinoendesa torque yakagadziridzwa neinjini kumavhiri ekutyaira kuburikidza nekutapurirana. Ibhokisi regiya rematanho akawanda rine giya reshiyo.

Iyo clutch imba (kesi) inosanganiswa neinjini kuita imwechete simba unit, iyo yekumberi inotakura shaft yekuisa yebhokisi inoiswa kumucheto kumashure kweinjini crankshaft.

Iyo clutch mechanism inowanzo batwa uye inogara ichibatanidza injini crankshaft flywheel kune gearbox yekuisa shaft. Iyo clutch inoshanda chete panguva yekuchinja kwegiya, ichibvisa injini uye bhokisi regiya uye nekuona kubatanidzwa kwavo kwakatsetseka.

Panyaya yesimba remagetsi emota dzemberi-mavhiri kutyaira, kune zvakare giya bhokisi rinopatsanura iro rinogovera torque pakati pemadhiraivha ekufambisa uye inobvumira mavhiri kutenderera akasiyana angular kumhanya.

Manual transmissions yakakamurwa kuita:

- nehuwandu hwemagiya reshiyo:

• mana-nhanho;
• nhanho-shanu, yakawanda kwazvo;
• nhanhatu-kumhanya.

- maererano ne kinematic scheme:

• maviri-shaft, mu crankcase yechina- kana mashanu-yekumhanya bhokisi, yekutanga uye yechipiri shafts yakaiswa;
• matatu-shaft, gearbox gearbox ine yekutanga, yepakati uye yechipiri shafts.

Nekumisikidza, huwandu hwemagiya bhokisi matanho haasanganisire asina kwaakarerekera uye anodzosera magiya, iyo nhamba ye shafts haisanganisire reverse giya shaft.

Iwo mazino magiya emagiya mabhokisi ane helical murudzi rwekuita. Spur magiya haashandiswe nekuda kwekuwedzera ruzha panguva yekushanda.

Ese mashaft emabhokisi emakanika akaiswa mu rolling bearings, radial kana thrust, akaiswa zvinoenderana nekutungamira kweiyo longitudinal simba inoitika mune helical gearing. Mune matatu-shaft magadzirirwo, yekutanga uye yechipiri shafts inowanikwa coaxially uye, sekutonga, ine yakajairwa tsono inotakura.

Iwo magiya anotenderera uye anofamba pamusoro pemashaft ari pabani mabhengi - akatsikirirwa bushings akagadzirwa neakaderera-friction copper alloys.

Kushanda kusingavhunduke, masynchronizer akaiswa anoenzana nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwemagiya panguva yekuchinja.

Iwo magiya magiya emakanika magiya mabhokisi akabatanidzwa nevagadziri vepasirese uye anotaridzika seizvi:

• Chekutanga giya - giya reshiyo 3,67 ... 3,63;
• Yechipiri - 2,10 ... 1,95;
• Chechitatu - 1,36 ... 1,35;
• Chechina - 1,00 ... 0,94;
• Chechishanu - 0,82 ... 0,78, nezvimwewo.
• Reverse giya - 3,53.

Iyo giya, umo injini yekumhanyisa crankshaft inoenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwechipiri shaft yebhokisi, inonzi yakananga (kazhinji yechina).

Kubva pairi, munzira yekudzikisa huwandu hwekuchinja kwechipiri shaft, painjini inoramba ichimhanya, downshifts inoenda, munzira yekuwedzera huwandu hwekuchinja - kuwedzera magiya.

Gear shifting mechanism

Yese manyorerwo ekufambisa anoshandisa lever-rocker magadzirirwo, umo magiya ebhokisi, kana achichinja magiya, anofambiswa nemaforogo anofamba achitevedza matanda akaenzana pasi pesimba rerevheti. Kubva panzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera, chitsigiro chinotsauswa nemutyairi kuenda kurudyi kana kuruboshwe (giya kusarudzwa) uye kumashure nekudzoka (kuchinja).

Kuchinja masisitimu zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda akakamurwa kuita:

• Zvechinyakare, kana zvechinyakare, zvinokutendera kuti ubatidze chero giya kubva ku "neutral".
• Sequential, inobvumira chete sequential switching.

Sequential maitiro anoshandiswa pamidhudhudhu, matirakita, uye mumayuniti ane anopfuura matanhatu magiya - marori nematirakita.

Manual kutapurirana manejimendi

Mutyairi wechikoro anofanira kudzidziswa izvi pachikoro chekutyaira.

Kuenzanisa kwezviito:

• Pinda mumotokari yakamira injini yakadzimwa. Vhara musuwo wemutyairi, tora nzvimbo yakasununguka pachigaro, sunga bhandi rako rechigaro.
• Ita shuwa kuti parking brake iripo uye shift lever haina kwayakarerekera.
• Tanga injini.

Attention! Kubva panguva yaunotanga, iwe unotyaira mota uye uri mutyairi wemota.

• Sveta clutch pedal, shandisa giya raunoda (kutanga kana "reverse", uri kusiya nzvimbo yekupaka).
• Dzvanya zvishoma pane gasi pedal. Kana iyo tachometer ichiratidza nezve 1400 rpm, zvinyoronyoro sunungura clutch pedal, uchibvisa bhureki rekupaka. Mota inotanga kufamba, asi clutch pedal haigoni "kukandwa" kamwe kamwe, inofanira kuenderera mberi ichifamba zvakanaka kusvikira clutch mechanism discs yanyatsobatana, kugadzirisa kukurumidza kwekufamba negasi pedal.

Giya rekutanga rinodiwa kuitira kuti usangofambisa mota kubva panzvimbo yayo chete, asiwo kuti ikurumidze kumhanya iyo, pasina kuzununguka uye kumisa injini, zvinokwanisika kuvhura "yechipiri" uye kuramba uchifamba. nechivimbo.

Upshifting inofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kufamba kwegumbo rekuruboshwe, iro rinodzora clutch, rinononoka nemaune. Rutsoka rworudyi runobudisa gasi synchronously nechokuruboshwe clutch kusunungurwa, ruoko rworudyi runoshanda nechivimbo cheshift lever uye "inonamatira" giya pasina kumirira kuti motokari inonoke.

Neruzivo, iyo "mechanics" control algorithm inoenda kune subconscious level, uye mutyairi intuitively anoshanda ne clutch uye "mubato" asingatarise zvinodzora.

Maitiro ekusarudza kumhanya uye injini kumhanya kwaunoda kushandura magiya

Mune chimiro chakareruka, simba reinjini ndicho chigadzirwa che torque iyo inokura uye nhamba yekuchinja kwe crankshaft.

Iine inoshanda nemazvo clutch mashandiro, simba rese rinonzwisiswa neiyo yekuisa shaft yekufambiswa kwemanyorerwo uye inoenda kuburikidza negiya system uye kutapurirana kumavhiri ekutyaira.

Iyo bhokisi rinoshandiswa nemaoko re "mechanical box" rinoshandura simba rinofambiswa zvinoenderana nezvido zvemutyairi, izvo zvisingagara zvichipindirana nekugona kwemota uye mamiriro chaiwo ekutyaira.

Paunenge uchishandura magiya "kumusoro", haufanirwe kubvumira kuderera kwakanyanya mukumhanya kwemuchina panguva yekumbomira.

Paunenge uchichinja magiya "pasi", kunonoka kunodiwa pakati pekubvisa clutch uye kufambisa shanduko yekuchinja kuitira kuti zvikamu zvebhokisi zvidzike zvishoma mukutenderera kwavo.

Paunenge uchifamba mumagetsi akananga uye akakwirira, haufaniri "kumonyanisa" injini kusvika kumuganhu, kana iwe uchida jerk paunopfuura kana kukurira kukwira kwenguva refu, unofanira kushandura kune imwe nhanho kana kunyange maviri "pasi".

Economy driving mode

Mune zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvemotokari chero ipi zvayo, unogona kuwana "iyo torque yakakura (yakadaro uye yakadaro), nekumhanya (zvakawanda)". Kumhanya uku, i.e. nhamba yekuchinja kwe crankshaft paminiti, uye pane kukosha uko injini ichapa iyo yakanyanya kusimba kuedza nekushomeka kwemafuta.

Maintenance

Kutumira kwemanyorero, kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, inhengo yakavimbika kwazvo iyo, senge chero mamwe magiya mabhokisi egiya, inoda iyo chete mhando yekuchengetedza - shanduko yemafuta.

Mafuta egiya anoshandiswa pakuzora, ayo, mukuwedzera kune yakakwira viscosity, ane chaiwo anti-kubata uye anti-kupfeka zvivakwa, kugadzikana kwekushisa, kusimba kwesimba remafuta firimu uye yakaderera coefficient yekushushikana kwepasi, iyo isingabvumire mvura kudonha. kubva panzvimbo dzakaiswa lubricated. Pamusoro pezvo, mafuta egiya anofanirwa kuve asina kwaakarerekera muacidity, kudzivirira kukukurwa kwezvikamu zvegiya bhokisi zvakagadzirwa nesimbi isina-ferrous.

Mhando yemafuta ekutakurisa uye nguva pakati pekuchinja inoratidzwa mumirairo yekushanda kwemotokari.

Iyo giya bhokisi chinhu chinodhura, kana uchiishandisa, shandisa chete mafuta anokurudzirwa.

Attention! Usatenda "hacks yehupenyu" se "nzira yekuziva rudzi rwemafuta nekunhuhwirira, kuravira uye ruvara uchishandisa bepa."

Panguva yekushanda, mafuta egiya anodzikira muhuwandu chete nekuda kwekubuda kwemhepo, haapise kunze uye haabhururuke "pasi pombi" semafuta einjini, asi anosvibiswa nezvigadzirwa zvekukwenya uye anosviba nekuchembera.

Kukanganisa kukuru

Huzhinji hwekusashanda zvakanaka uko kutapurirana kwemaoko kunoonekwa kuve mhosva kunokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka mu clutch. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

• Iyo reverse giya inobatidzwa ne "crunch", mamwe magiya anochinjika nekunetseka - dhiraivha inotyorwa, iyo clutch "inotungamira".
• Monotonous ruzha kana kurira kana uchidzvinyirira clutch pedal - kupfeka kwekuburitsa kuburitsa.

Kusashanda kwesimba remagetsi zvakazara:

Ruzha rwakasiyana kana uchifamba negiya rakabatikana uye clutch yakaora mwoyo - giya bhokisi rekumberi rakatakura muinjini crankshaft rakakundikana.

Kusashanda zvakanaka mu "bhokisi" remuchina kunowanzo kuunzwa nemuridzi wemota kana avo vakamutangira, dzimwe nguva akabatana nekupfeka uye kubvarura semhedzisiro yekushanda kwenguva refu:

• Kuridza mhere kana uchidzika pasi. Kupfeka kana kutadza kumira masynchronizers.
• Reverse haibatike - giya raparadzwa kana forogo yekuchinjisa yakaremara nekuda kwekuyedza "kuvhura reverse" pasina kumirira kuti mota imire zvachose.
• Zvakaoma kusarudza kutapurirana. Worn shift lever ball joint.
• Kusakwana kubatanidzwa kwegiya, kusakwanisa kuita kana kuregedza chimwe chazvo, kusapindirana kwegiya kana gasi raburitswa. Kupfeka zvivharo zvebhora kana tsvimbo dzekutungamira, deformation yemaforogo ekuchinja. Kashoma - kuparadzwa kwemazino egiya.

Zvakanakira zvekufambisa kwemanyorero mumamiriro akasiyana emigwagwa

Mumotokari ine "mechanics", mutyairi haanzwi akadzivirirwa kubva pakutonga kwakananga kwemotokari.

Sezvo ruzivo runowanikwa, hunyanzvi hunobatsira uye matekiniki anooneka uye anovandudza:

• Injini braking. Izvo zvinodikanwa kana uchityaira paaizi, panguva yekudzika kwakareba kubva mugomo uye mune mamwe mamiriro apo iwe unofanirwa kushandisa mabhureki akareba uye akatsetseka pasina kupisa mabhureki uye kurasikirwa nekusangana pakati pemavhiri nemugwagwa.
• Kutasva "stretch" neclutch zvishoma zvakaora mwoyo. Inobatsira kana uchifamba pamusoro penzvimbo yakaoma uye kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvega zvega nekumhanya pasina kuvhunduka mitoro mukutapurirana.
• Kuchinja nekukurumidza "kutanga, kudzosera kumashure, kutanga." Zvinoita kuti zvikwanise "kuzunungusa" mota uye nekuzvimiririra kutyaira kunze kwedhaka kana kudonha kwechando mairi.
• Kugona kumahombekombe, kukweva uye kukwevera vaunoshanda navo munzira iwe pachako
• Mafuta ehupfumi. Mune chero giya, unogona kusarudza yakanyanya hupfumi yekutyaira modhi.

Zvakare, iyo yakakosha mukana wekufambiswa kwemanyorero ndeye nyore kugadzirisa, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, kuwanikwa kwekugadzirisa uye mutengo wakaderera wezvinodyiwa.