Uchishandisa hydrogen mota (mafuta maseru)

 

Imwe nzira yekushandisa mota dzemagetsi, hydrogen mhinduro, yakagara ichidzidzwa nemaGerman nemaJapan. Europe, iyo Tesla inofunga kuti haina kugadzikana, zvakadaro inosarudza kuisa pasuru pane iyi tekinoroji (pasirese, kwete nechinangwa chega chekufambisa mota). Saka ngatitarisei kuti hydrogen mota inoshanda sei, izvo zvinongova zvakasiyana zvemota yemagetsi.

Verenga zvakare:

• Imotokari yehydrogen inoshanda here?
• Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira kwesero remafuta

Mhando dzinoverengeka dzemota dzehydrogen

Nepo tekinoroji yazvino iri yemotokari dzinoshandisa maseru emafuta kusimbisa mota dzemagetsi, hydrogen inogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzosera mota dzemukati dzemoto. Iyo chaiyo iri gasi inogona kushandiswa nenzira imwecheteyo seLPG neCNG yatove kushandiswa mumotokari dzedu. Nekudaro, iri zano rakasiiwa, iyo pisitoni injini iri kunyanya kuenderana nenguva ...

Heino hydrogen-inofambiswa neToyota Mirai. Inotengeswa muUSA, haisi muFrance, nekuti hapana hydrogen nzvimbo yekuparadzira ... Takanonoka netemu dzemagetsi, tave kusaririra kumashure muhydrogen!

Pfungwa yekushanda

Dai taifanira kupfupisa hurongwa nemutsara mumwe, ini ndaizodaroizvozvo mota yemagetsi anofamba ne carburant kusasvibisa (iri kushanda, kwete mukugadzira). Panzvimbo pekuchaja bhatiri nepulagi uye nekudaro magetsi, tinoizadza nemvura. Ichi chikonzero nei tichidaidza mafuta maseru system (iri

unganidza

iyo inoshanda nemafuta izvo

inopedzwa

et

inonyangarika mutangi

). Muchokwadi, mutsauko chete nemota yemagetsi iko kuchengetedza kwesimba, pano mune mvura, kwete fomu yemakemikari.

Naizvozvo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti bhatiri riri kuburitsa, kusiyana ne lithiamu kana kunyange lead-acid bhatiri (ona zvinongedzo kuti uone mashandiro azvinoita).

Maitiro mepu

Hydrogen = yakasanganiswa?

Almost ... Chokwadi, ivo zvine hurongwa vane yakawedzera lithiamu bhatiri, iko kubatsira kwandichatsanangura pazasi. Naizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kushanda chete pahydrogen, chete uchishandisa yakajairwa bhatiri, kana kunyangwe ese ari maviri panguva imwe chete.

Components

Hydrogen tangi

Tine tangi rinokwanisa kuchengeta 5 kusvika 10 kg yehydrogen, tichiziva kuti kilogram imwe neimwe ine 33.3 kWh yesimba (zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzemagetsi, idzo dzine 35 kusvika 100 kWh). Iyo tangi yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakasimba kuti irambe kumanikidza kwemukati kwe350 kusvika 700 bhawa.

Sero remafuta

Iyo mafuta sero inopa simba kumota yemagetsi mota, senge yakajairwa lithiamu bhatiri. Nekudaro, inoda mafuta, kureva hydrogen kubva mutangi. Yakagadzirwa neplatinamu inodhura kwazvo, asi mune dzazvino shanduro dzinoita pasina iyo.

Bheteri bhatiri

Izvi hazvidiwe, asi ndizvo zviyero zvehydrogen mota. Chokwadi, inoshanda sebhatiri rekuchengetedza, gudzazwi remagetsi (rinogona kushanda rakafanana necell mafuta), asi zvakare uye pamusoro pazvo zvese, rinoshanda kudzorera simba rekinetic panguva yekudzikisira uye braking.

Simba remagetsi

Kwete kunyorwa pane yangu yepamusoro dhayagiramu, iyo magetsi emagetsi anodzora, inokanganisa uye kugadzirisa (kushandura pakati pe AC neDC mafungu) akasiyana mafungu achiyerera kuburikidza akasiyana akasiyana zvikamu zvemota.

Kutsiva

Fuel cell oparesheni: catalysis

Chinangwa ndechekutora maerekitironi (magetsi) kubva kuhydrogen kuitira kuti ugovaendesa kumagetsi emagetsi. Izvi zvese zvinoitwa kuburikidza neanodzorwa electrochemical reaction iyo inopatsanura maerekitironi kune rimwe divi (yakanangana neinjini) uye ma proton kune rimwe (mune mafuta sero). Musangano wese unogumira pacathode, panoperera mhinduro: "musanganiswa" wekupedzisira unopa mvura, inoputirwa kunze kwesystem (pedza).

Heano mufananidzo we catalysis, inova kubviswa kwemagetsi kubva kuhydrogen (reverse electrolysis).

Pano tinoona kushanda kwesero remafuta, iri iro chiitiko che catalysis.

Hydrogen H2 (kureva maatomu maviri ehydrogen H akasungirirwa pamwechete: dihydrogen) inoenda kubva kuruboshwe kurudyi. Sezvo ichisvika pane anode, inorasikirwa nenucleus yayo (proton), inozoyamwa pasi (nekuda kweiyo oxidation phenon). Maerekitironi anozoenderera mberi munzira yavo kurudyi kunozoshandisa mota yemagetsi.

Nekudaro, isu tiri kuunganidzazve zvese nekubairira jekiseni O2 (okisijeni kubva mumhepo nekuda kwecompressor) padivi rekathode, izvo zvinongobvumidza kuumbwa kwemamorekuru emvura (ayo anozogadzirisa zvese zvinhu kuita chinhu chimwe chete). Morekuru iri muunganidzwa weHs naOs).

Pfupiso yemakemikari / epanyama maitiro

ANOD : pane anode, iyo hydrogen atom "yakatemwa" nepakati (H2 = 2e- + 2H+). Iyo nucleus (H + ion) inodzika yakananga kune iyo cathode, nepo maerekitironi (e-) achienderera munzira yavo nekuda kwekutadza kwavo kupfuura neiyo electrolyte (iyo nzvimbo pakati peanode necathode).

CATHODE: pane iyo cathode tinoona reverse (munzira dzakasiyana) maion H + nemaelectrononi. Zvino zvakaringana kuunza maatomu eoksijeni kuitira kuti zvinhu zvese izvi zvide kutora, izvo zvinobva zvaendesa mukugadzirwa kwemolekuru remvura rine maatomu maviri ehydrogen neatomu imwe yeoksijeni. Kana fomu yacho: 2e- + 2H+ + O2 = H2O

Kukohwa?

Kana tikafunga chete motokari pachayo, kureva kushanda zvakanaka kwetangi kusvika kumagumo emavhiri (material shanduko / mechanical reinforcement), isu tiri pano zvishoma pasi pe50%. Zvechokwadi, bhatiri rine kubudirira kweanenge 50%, uye motokari yemagetsi - inenge 90%. Naizvozvo, isu tinotanga tine 50% kusefa, uyezve 10%.

Kana isu tichifunga nezve kugona kwesimba remagetsi rinogadzira simba, saka pamberi pekugadzirwa kwehydrogen kana kunyangwe kugoverwa kwemagetsi (mune iyo lithium) isu tine 25% yehydrogen uye 70% yemagetsi (anenge avhareji, zviri pachena ).

Verenga zvimwe nezve purofiti pano.

Musiyano uripo pakati pemota yehydrogen uye lithiamu bhatiri yemagetsi mota?

Idzo mota dzakafanana chaizvo, kunze kweiyo "simba tangi". Naizvozvo, idzi ndidzo mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa rotor-stator motors (induction, magineti anogara aripo, kana kunyangwe inoshanda).

Kana iyo lithiamu bhatiri ikashandawo nekuda kwemakemikari maitiro mukati mayo (maitiro anowanzo gadzira magetsi: zvakanyatsoita, maerekitironi), hapana chinobuda mairi, pane kungori shanduko yemukati. Kuti udzokere kune yayo yekutanga mamiriro (recharging), zvakaringana kupfuudza izvozvi (batanidza kune chikamu) uye maitiro emakemikari anotanga zvakare mune yakapesana nzira. Dambudziko nderekuti zvinotora nguva, kunyangwe neanozowedzera.

Kune injini yehydrogen, inova yemagetsi mota yemagetsi inoshandiswa nemafuta esero (kureva, hydrogen), bhatiri rinoshandisa hydrogen panguva yekuita kwemakemikari. Inodururwa kuburikidza nekudzimura iyo inobvisa mweya wemvura (mhedzisiro yemakemikari maitiro).

Naizvozvo, kubva pane zvine musoro maonero, isu tinogona kugadzirisa chero mota yemagetsi kune hydrogen mota, zvakaringana kutsiva iyo lithiamu bhatiri nemafuta esero. Nekudaro, mukunzwisisa kwako kwe "hydrogen injini" inofanirwa kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kunge mota yemagetsi (ona mashandiro ayo pano). Iye ari chaizvo kuenda kwaari, kwete nekuti akawedzerwa mafuta sechinhu.

Iyo kemikari yekuita pazasi pehwendefa iri inogadzira Pisakubva magetsi (izvo zvatinoda zvemota yemagetsi) uye mvura.

Nei zvisiri kwese kwese?

Dambudziko rakakura rehunyanzvi nehydrogen rine chekuita nekuchengetedza chengetedzo. Muchokwadi, seLPG, mafuta aya ane njodzi nekuti anozopisa kana wasangana nemhepo (uye handizvo chete). Saka dambudziko harisi rekuisira mafuta chete mumota, asi zvakare kuve netangi rakasimba zvakakwana kuti utsungirire chero tsaona. Ehezve, iyo yekuwedzera mutengo zvakare dhonza hombe, uye inoita kunge isinganetsi pane iyo lithiamu-ion bhatiri, iri kudonha mumutengo.

Chekupedzisira, yekugadzira uye yekuparadzira network munyika haina kusimba zvakanyanya, uye hurumende dzinoda kuburitsa hydrogen neelectrolysis vachishandisa simba rinowedzerwazve (nyanzvi zhinji dzinotaura nezvechirongwa cheutopian chisingakwanise kuitika mune yedu "kamwe-kamwe" chaiyo).

Pakupedzisira, pane mukana uri nani wekuti magetsi akajairwa ndiyo ichava mhinduro yesarudzo mune ramangwana, pane hydrogen, inozoshandiswa kune akasiyana maficha kupfuura kweumwe kufamba.

Wese makomendi uye maitiro

ekupedzisira komenda yakatumirwa:

Bernard (Zuva: 2021, 09:23:14)

Mhoroi

Ndatenda nemazano akasimba uye anonakidza. Ini ndichasiya saiti iyi neshavi nyowani muhuropi hwangu hwekare.

Ini pachangu, ndiri kushamisika kuti, kunze kwezvandinoziva nezvezvombo zvepasi penyukireya, hapana munhu akagadzira injini yakakwana yemugwagwa. Yaive chaiyo iyo Philips yakaziviswa muna 1971 Brussels Motor Show, iine 200 hp. pamapistoni maviri.

Philips akatanga kushanda muna 1937-1938 uye akatangazve muna 1948.

Muna 1971, vakatora mazana emazana emabhiza pisitoni. Kubva ipapo handisi kuwana chero chinhu ... Chokwadi, Chakavanzika Dziviriro.

Zvakadii nezveinjini dzegasi turbine?

Marambi ako anogona kuwedzera imwe mvura kuchigayo changu chekufunga.

Kutenda neruzivo rwako uye nekusimudzira.

Il J. 1 reaction (s) kune ichi chirevo:

• Admin SITE MUDZIMAI (2021-09-27 11:40:25): Kunonakidza kuverenga, ndatenda.

  Ini handizive zvakakwana nezverudzi urwu rweinjini kutonga, pamwe nekuda kwemutengo, saizi, kuomesa kugadzirisa, kugona kwepakati?

  Tichifunga kuti zvakafanira kuve nemhinduro inobvumidza iwe kupisa gasi, uye nekudaro mashandisiro ayo pane yakajairwa mota yeruzhinji inogona kutyisa (uye kuti ichagara ichienderera nekufamba kwenguva).

  Muchidimbu, ndinofungidzira kuti wanga uchitarisira mhinduro chaiyo uye ine chivimbo ... Ndine urombo.

(Yako posvo ichaonekwa pasi pechinyorwa mushure mekusimbiswa)

Nyora mhinduro

Uchishandisa fomu yemagetsi E, iwe uchaona kuti: