Iyo mota yemagetsi munhoroondo: yekutanga mota dzemagetsi | Bhatiri rakanaka

Motokari yemagetsi inowanzoonekwa seyakagadzirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kana motokari yeramangwana. Muchokwadi, yave iripo kubva muzana ramakore reXNUMX: saka, kukwikwidza pakati pemotokari dzinopisa uye mota dzemagetsi haisi itsva.

Kutanga prototypes nebhatiri 

Yekutanga prototypes ye motokari dzemagetsi yakaonekwa makore akapoteredza 1830. Sezvakaitika kune zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa, vanyori vezvakaitika kare havana kukwanisa kuratidza zuva uye kuzivikanwa kwemuvambi wemotokari yemagetsi. Iyi inyaya yekukakavadzana, zvisinei, tinogona kupa mbiri kune vanhu vashoma.  

Kutanga, Robert Anderson, muzvinabhizimisi wekuScotland, muna 1830 akagadzira rudzi rwengoro yemagetsi inofambiswa nemagineti masere emagetsi anofambiswa nemabhatiri asingachajikezve. Zvino, makore akapoteredza 1835, American Thomas Davenport akagadzira motokari yemagetsi yekutanga uye akagadzira diki remagetsi.

Nokudaro, idzi motokari mbiri dzemagetsi ndiyo kutanga kwemotokari yemagetsi, asi vakashandisa mabhatiri asingagoneki.

Muna 1859, muFrench Gaston Planté akagadzira yekutanga rechargeable bhatiri lead acid, iyo ichagadziridzwa muna 1881 ne electrochemist Camilla Fore. Iri basa rakavandudza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebhatiri uye nekudaro rakapa mota yemagetsi ramangwana rinovimbisa.

Kuuya kwemotokari yemagetsi

Basa rakaitwa pamabhatiri rakabereka mhando dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzekutanga dzakavimbika.

Isu tinotanga kuwana modhi yakagadzirwa naCamille Faure sechikamu chebasa rake pabhatiri, aine vaanoshanda navo vekuFrance Nicolas Raffard, injinjiniya, uye Charles Jeanteau, mugadziri wemotokari. 

Gustave Fund, injiniya yemagetsi uye mugadziri wemotokari yemagetsi, anovandudza mota yemagetsi yakagadzirwa ne Siemens, ine bhatiri. Injini iyi yakatanga kuchinjirwa chikepe ndokuzoiswa pabhasikoro rine mavhiri matatu.

Muna 1881, iyi motokari yemagetsi matatu yakaratidzwa semotokari yekutanga yemagetsi paParis International Electricity Show.

Mugore rimwe chetero, mainjiniya maviri echiRungu, William Ayrton naJohn Perry, akatangawo bhasikoro remagetsi rine mavhiri matatu. Iyi motokari yakanga yakanyanyisa kudarika motokari yakagadzirwa naGustave Yakawanikwa: rwendo rwemakiromita anenge makumi maviri, kukurumidza kusvika 15 km / h, motokari inofambisa uye kunyange yakashongedzerwa nemwenje.

Sezvo motokari yakabudirira zvikuru, vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanofunga kuti ndiyo motokari yekutanga yemagetsi, kunyanya German Autovision Museum. 

Simuka pamusika

 Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, musika wemotokari wakakamurwa kuita injini yepeturu, injini yemhepo uye mota yemagetsi.

Nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwakaitwa mundima yematricycle, mota yemagetsi ichaita zvishoma nezvishoma maindasitiri uye ichave nebudiriro mune yemamiriro ehupfumi, kunyanya muEurope neUnited States. Zvechokwadi, mamwe mainjiniya eFrance, America neBritish anovandudza zvishoma nezvishoma mota dzemagetsi kuti dzivandudze mashandiro avo. 

Muna 1884 injiniya weBritish Thomas Parker inonzi yakaita imwe yemotokari dzemagetsi ekutanga, sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo wekutanga unozivikanwa unoratidza motokari yemagetsi. Thomas Parker aive neElwell-Parker, kambani yaigadzira mabhatiri nemadynamos.

Iye anozivikanwa kuve akagadzira midziyo yaigonesa mataramu emagetsi ekutanga: Britain yekutanga yemagetsi tram kuBlackpool muna 1885. Aive zvakare injinjini yeMetropolitan Railway Company uye akatora chikamu mukuiswa kwemagetsi kweLondon Underground.

Motokari dzemagetsi dzekutanga dziri kutanga kutengeswa, uye izvi zvinonyanya kutakura tekisi yemabasa eguta.

Kubudirira kuri kukura kunyanya muUnited States, uko New Yorkers vakakwanisa kushandisa matakisi emagetsi ekutanga kubvira 1897. Mota idzi dzaive nemabhatiri e-lead-acid uye dzaichajwa pazviteshi zvehunyanzvi husiku.

Kutenda kuElectrobat model, yakagadzirwa nainjiniya Henry G. Morris uye chemist Pedro G. Salomon, motokari yemagetsi yakabata 38% yemusika wemotokari weUnited States.

Motokari yemagetsi: motokari inovimbisa  

Mota dzemagetsi dzakadzika munhoroondo yemotokari uye dzave nemazuva adzo ekubwinya kukuru, kutyora marekodhi uye kumhanya. Panguva iyoyo, motokari dzemagetsi dzakanga dzichikurira vadzikwi vadzo vanopisa.

Muna 1895, motokari yemagetsi yakatora chikamu mu rally kekutanga. Uyu ndiwo mujaho weBordeaux-Paris nemotokari yaCharles Jeanteau: 7 mabhiza uye 38 Fulmain mabhatiri e15 kg imwe neimwe.

Muna 1899, motokari yemagetsi yaCamilla Jenatzi "La Jamais Contente". iyi ndiyo motokari yekutanga munhoroondo kudarika 100 km / h. Kuti uwane nyaya inoshamisa iri shure kwechinyorwa ichi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu chizere pamusoro penyaya iyi.