Email, i.e. Email

E-mail, e-mail - sevhisi yeInternet, inotsanangurwa mumutemo wezita sekupa mabasa emagetsi, anoshandiswa kutumira mameseji kana mameseji emultimedia, iyo inonzi mae-mail - saka zita rinowanzozivikanwa rebasa iri. Dzidza kuti email yakashanduka sei kubva 1536 mune chinyorwa pazasi.

1536 Chiratidzo @ (1) chinowanikwa mutsamba yakatumirwa kubva kuSeville kuenda kuRoma nemutengesi weFlorentine Francesco Lapi, achitsanangura kusvika kwengarava nhatu dzakabva kuAmerica. "Kune amphora yewaini yakaenzana nechikamu chetatu chedhiramu, inokosha makumi manomwe kana makumi masere," mutengesi akanyora, achipfupisa izwi rekuti "amphora" kune "a" yakakomberedzwa nemuswe wayo: "one @ wine. .” Sezvo amphora ichinzi "arroba" muchiSpanish, ichi @ chiratidzo chichiri kushandiswa muSpain nePortugal. Imwe dzidziso ndeyekuti @ sign yakatokura. Kare muzana ramakore rechitanhatu kana rechinomwe, mamongi aigona kuishandisa sechidimbu cheshoko rechiLatini rokuti "ad". Izvi zvinochengetedza nguva, nzvimbo neingi.

Sezvo chiratidzo chakatorwa nevatengesi, nzira dzekutengesa yakapararira muEurope yose uye yainyanya kufarirwa nevaBritish. Vatengesi ipapo vaiishandisa kureva mutengo pachinhu chimwe chete, senge "makesi maviri ewaini pamashiri gumi" (kureva "mashiri gumi paimwe"). Ichi ndicho chikonzero @ chiratidzo chakaonekwa paAmerican neChirungu tapureta kiyibhodhi muzana ramakore re10. Zvakare, pakabvumwa mwero weASCII encoding muna '10, @ chiratidzo chaive pakati pemavara makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu anodhinda.

1. Kutanga kushandiswa kwe @ sign

1962 Iyo US mauto network AUTODIN inopa meseji pakati pe1350 terminals, kugadzirisa 30 miriyoni mameseji pamwedzi neavhareji meseji urefu hweanosvika mazana matatu mavara. Gore ra3000 risati rasvika AUTODIN yakabatanidza anopfuura mazana matatu mapoinzi munyika dzinoverengeka.

1965 ne email rakagadzirwa muna 1965. Vanyori vepfungwa iyi vaive: Louis Pouzin, Glenda Schroeder naPat Crisman kubva kuCTSS MIT. Yakaitwa naTom Van Vleck naNoel Morris. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo basa iri raishandiswa chete kutumira mameseji pakati pevashandisi vekombuta imwe cheteuye email kero yakanga isati yavapo. Mameseji emushandisi ega ega aiwedzerwa kufaira remunharaunda rainzi "MAILBOX" iro raive ne "private" mode zvekuti muridzi chete ndiye aigona kuverenga kana kudzima meseji. Iyi proto-mail system yakashandiswa kuzivisa vashandisi kuti mafaira akavharwa, pamwe nekukurukurirana pakati pevanyori vemirairo yeCTSS uye kutaurirana kwemunyori muCTSS manual editor.

Zvishoma kombiyuta munguva iyoyo, vaigona kuva nevashandisi vanosvika zana. Vaigaro shandisa materminals akareruka kuwana iyo huru komputa kubva kumadhesiki avo. vakangobatanidza muchina wepakati - vaive vasina ndangariro kana ndangariro dzavo, basa rose rakaitwa paremote mainframe. Nekudaro, sezvo makomputa akatanga kutaurirana kunetiweki, dambudziko rakawedzera kuoma. Paive nechido chekutarisa mameseji, i.e. tsanangura kuti ndiani wavanofanira kusvika pane network.

1971-72 MIT akapedza kudzidza anonzi Ray Tomlinson (2) anova munhu wekutanga kutumira meseji kubva kune imwe komputa kuenda kune imwe, kunyange hazvo zvakatora makore munhu asati ataura muitiro wacho Email tsamba. Tomlinson akashandira kambani yeinjiniya yeBolt Beranek naNewman (yava kunzi Raytheon BBN), iyo yakapihwa basa neUS Department of Defense kuvaka ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), inotungamira Internet sezvatinoziva nhasi. Mumazuva iwayo makombiyuta akanga ari oga kubva kune mumweuye zvakare inodhura zvakanyanya, saka imwe neimwe yaishandiswa nevanhu vakawanda vakasiyana, uye zvinyorwa zvevamwe vashandisi zvakakandwa mumabhokisi etsamba ane nhamba.

Ndichiri kuongorora mikana yekushandisa network, Tomlinson akauya nezano rekubatanidza chirongwa chemukati memeseji neimwe chirongwa chekuendesa mafaera pakati pemakomputa. ARPANETs uye yakashandisa @ chiratidzo mairi kupatsanura zita remugamuchiri kubva kukero yemugamuchiri. Zuva chairo rekutumira meseji harizivikanwe. Mamwe magwaro anoti iri 1971, vamwe - 1972. Izvo zvakare hazvina kujeka - Tomlinson pachake anoti yaive "rudzi rweQWERTY", izvo zvinofanirwa kureva kusarongeka kwenhau. Panguva iyoyo, aishandisa Digital PDP 10 makomputa, aive makabati emamita maviri. Michina miviri (imwe neimwe ine 288 KB yendangariro) yakabatana kuburikidza neARPANET. Kekutanga, Tomlinson akagamuchira meseji yakatumirwa kubva kune imwe komputa.

1973 Nhengo dzeInternet Engineering Group, zvichireva pfungwa yaTomlinson, yakabvumirana mune RFC 469 chirevo chirevo chakajairwa chekutaura neemail: [email protected]

1978 Spam, dambudziko reemail, kwete kudiki pane tsamba pachayo. Anofanotungamira spam ndiGary Turk, maneja wekushambadzira wekambani yekombuta isingachashandi Digital Equipment Corporation, akatumira maemail akawanda achikurudzira zvigadzirwa zvekombuta zvekambani yake.

Mharidzo yaTuerk, yakatumirwa kumazana emakomputa pamusoro peARPANET, yakabva yamutsa hasha kubva kune vateereri uye kushorwa kubva kunetiweki maneja. E-mail ikozvino yave kutariswa zvakanyanya semuenzaniso wekutanga we spam, kunyangwe izwi iri rakatanga kushandiswa kune isina kukumbirwa yakawanda email makore mazhinji gare gare. Izwi iri rinofungidzirwa kuti rakafemerwa ne70s terevhizheni sketch inoratidzwa muMonty Python's Flying Circus umo boka reVikings rinoimba kuramba nezve spam, chigadzirwa chenyama.

3. Rwiyo rweSpam "Monty Python's Flying Circus"

1978-79 Kwekutanga ISP inopa CompuServe Email tsamba mukati mebhizinesi rako rekambani Infoplex masevhisi.

1981 CompuServe iri kushandura zita reiyo email sevhisi kuita "E-MAIL". Akazonyorera kuti awane chiratidzo cheUS, izvo zvaizoreva kuti izwi racho raisakwanisa kushandiswa zvakasununguka. Zvisinei, zita iri harina kuchengetwa pakupedzisira.

1981 Pakutanga kutumira Email tsamba Iyo CPYNET yekutaurirana protocol yakashandiswa.. Yakazoshandiswa gare gare ftp, UUCP uye mamwe akawanda maprotocol. Muna 1982, Jon Postel akagadzirira chinangwa ichi SMTP protocol (4) richiri kushandiswa nanhasi. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), inoshandiswa kutumira mameseji eemail kumaseva etsamba, yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1981 asi yakagadziridzwa nekuwedzera nguva zhinji kupa huchokwadi, encryption, uye kumwe kuvandudzwa. Muyero uyu wakatsanangurwa mugwaro reInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) rinonzi RFC 821 ndokuzogadziridzwa muna 2008 muRFC 5321.

SMTP inzira yakapfava yemagwaro., iyo inodudza anenge munhu mumwe chete wemeseji (kazhinji, inoongorora kana iripo), uye yoendesa mberi zviri mukati memeseji. SMTP daemon, i.e. mhinduro kubva kune mail server, inowanzoshanda pachiteshi 25. Zviri nyore kutarisa kushanda kweS SMTP server uchishandisa chirongwa che telnet. Iyi protocol haina kushanda zvakanaka nemabhinari mafaera nekuti yaive yakavakirwa pane yakajeka ASCII zvinyorwa. Miyero yakaita seMIME (yekutanga 90s) yakagadziridzwa kuti incode binary mafaera ekutapurirana pamusoro peSMTP. Masevha mazhinji eSMTP parizvino anotsigira 8BITMIME yekuwedzera, iyo inobvumira mabhinari mafaera kutamiswa zviri nyore semavara. SMTP haikubvumidze kuti ugamuchire mameseji kubva kune iri kure server. Kune izvi, iyo POP3 kana IMAP maprotocol anoshandiswa.

1983 Yekutanga yekutengesa email sevhisi inowanikwa muUS - Tsamba MCIyakatangwa neMCI Communications Corp.

1984-88 Yekutanga vhezheni yetsamba protocol POP1yakatsanangurwa muRFC 918 (1984). POP2 yakatsanangurwa muRFC 937 (1985). POP3 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa shanduro. Inotorwa kubva kuRFC 1081 (1988), asi iyo yazvino kududzirwa ndeye RFC 1939, yakagadziridzwa kuti ibatanidze nzira yekuwedzera (RFC 2449) uye nzira yechokwadi muRFC 1734. Izvi zvakatungamira kune akawanda maPOP mashandisirwo akadai sePine, POPmail, uye mamwe ekutanga email mapurogiramu. 

1985 Zvirongwa zvekutanga zvinokutendera kuti ushandise e-mail pasina Indaneti. Kuvandudzwa kwe "vaverengi vasingaverengeki". Vaverengi veOffline vakabvumira vashandisi veemail kuchengetedza mameseji avo pamakomputa avo vobva vaaverenga nekugadzirira mhinduro vasina kunyatsobatanidzwa kunetiweki. Parizvino, chirongwa chakakurumbira chinokutendera kuti uite izvi iMicrosoft Outlook.

1986 Yenguva diki Yekuwana Mameseji Protocol, IMAP (5) yakagadzirwa Brand Crispina muna 1986 seprotocol kure mailbox kuwana, kusiyana neiyo POP inoshandiswa nevakawanda, protocol yekutora zviri nyore zviri mubhokisi retsamba. Iyi protocol yakapinda akati wandei kusvika kune yazvino VERSION 4rev1 (IMAP4).

Yekutanga Interim Mail Access Protocol yakaitwa semutengi. Xerox Lisp michina i TOPS-20 server. Iko hakuna makopi eiyo yekutanga nguva yeprotocol yakatarwa kana software yayo. Kunyange zvazvo mimwe yemirairo nemhinduro dzayo dzakafanana neIMAP2, protocol yenguva pfupi yakanga isina zvicherechedzo zvekuraira/mhinduro nekudaro syntax yayo yaisaenderana nemamwe mavhezheni ese eIMAP.

Kusiyana POP3iyo inongobvumidza iwe kudhawunirodha uye kudzima tsamba, IMAP inobvumidza iwe kuti utore akawanda maforodha eemail, pamwe nekurodha uye kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvinogara pane iri kure server. IMAP inokutendera kuti utore misoro yemeseji uye sarudza mameseji aunoda kudhawunirodha pakombuta yako yemuno. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uite akawanda mashandiro, maneja maforodha uye mameseji. IMAP4 inoshandisa TCP uye port 143 nepo IMAPS inoshandisawo TCP uye port 993.

1990 Yekutanga email munhoroondo yePoland yakatumirwa munaNovember 20, 1990. (pakati pe10.57 ne13.25) kubva kumuzinda weEuropean Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) muGeneva naDr. Grzegorz Polok uye MSc. Pavel Yaloha. Yakaunzwa kumushandisi %[email protected]' uye yakatorwa neM.Sc. Chirungu Andrzej Sobala kuInstitute of Nuclear Physics muKrakow. 

1991-92 Kuberekwa kweLotus Notes uye Microsoft Outlook (6).

6. Lotus Notes inopesana neMicrosoft Outlook

1993 Philip Hallam-Baker, nyanzvi yecybersecurity inoshandira CERN, inogadzira yekutanga vhezheni yeWebmail, tsamba inogadziriswa kwete nechirongwa chakakosha, asi newebhu browser (7). Shanduro yake, zvisinei, yaingova muedzo uye haina kumbobudiswa. Yahoo! Iyo Post Office yakapa webhusaiti yekuwana sevhisi muna 1997.

7. Peji yekupinda neemail mubrowser

1999 tanga nharembozha paBlackBerry mafoni (8). Zvishandiso izvi zvave zvakakurumbira muchikamu nekuti BlackBerry inopa nharembozha masevhisi.

8. Imwe yemhando yekutanga yeBlackBerry ine email rutsigiro.

2007 Google inogovera Gmail mail sevhisi mushure memakore mana ekuyedzwa kwebeta. Gmail yakavambwa muna 2004 sepurojekiti Paula Bucejta. Pakutanga, ivo vaisanyatsotenda mazviri sechigadzirwa chiri pasi peGoogle. Makore matatu apfuura sarudzo isati yaitwa yekunyoresa vashandisi pasina kukokwa. Mukutaura kwehunyanzvi, yakasiyaniswa nenyaya yekuti yaive chirongwa chaive padyo nedesktop application (ichishandisa AJAX). Kupihwa kwe1 GB yendangariro mubhokisi retsamba yaivewo fungidziro panguva iyoyo.

9. Nhoroondo yeGmail logo

Email classification

webmail mhando email

Multiple Suppliers Email tsamba inopa mail mutengi zvichibva pa web browser (zvakadai seAOL Mail, Gmail, Outlook.com, uye Yahoo! Mail). Izvi zvinobvumira vashandisi kupinda Chikero chetsamba yemumhepo uchishandisa chero web browser inofambirana kutumira uye kugamuchira e-mail. Tsamba haiwanzo kudhawunirodhwa kune webhu client, saka haigone kuverengwa pasina ikozvino Internet yekubatanidza.

POP3 mail maseva

Mail Protocol 3 (POP3) iprotocol yekuwana tsamba inoshandiswa nemutengi application kuverenga mameseji kubva kuseva yetsamba. Mameseji anogamuchirwa anowanzo kudzimwa kubva paseva. POP inotsigira kudhawunirodha kuri nyore uye kudzima zvinodiwa kuti uwane mabhokisi eemail ari kure (anonzi kutumira muPOP RFC). POP3 inokutendera kuti utore mameseji eemail pakombuta yako woaverenga kunyangwe usiri pamhepo.

IMAP email maseva

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) inopa zvinhu zvinokutendera kuti utore bhokisi rako retsamba kubva kumidziyo yakawanda. Zvishandiso zvidiki zvinotakurika zvakaita sema smartphones zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa kutarisa email pakufamba uye kupa mhinduro pfupi, nepo midziyo mikuru ine zvirinani kuwana kiibhodhi ichishandiswa kune refu mhinduro. IMAP inoratidza iwo misoro yemeseji, anotumira, uye musoro, uye mudziyo unofanirwa kukumbira kuti mameseji chaiwo atorerwe. Kazhinji, tsamba dzinogara dziri mumaforodha pane sevha yetsamba.

MAPI mail maseva

Purogiramu inonzi Messaging (MAPI) inoshandiswa neMicrosoft Outlook kutaurirana neMicrosoft Exchange Server, pamwe nenhamba yemamwe maseva etsamba akadai seAxigen Mail Server, Kerio Connect, Scalix, Zimbra, HP OpenMail, IBM Lotus Notes, Zarafa uye Bynari, uko vatengesi. wakawedzera MAPI rutsigiro kubvumira kuwana zvigadzirwa zvako zvakananga kuburikidza neOutlook.

Mhando dzemazita efaira ekuwedzera mune email

Kana email yagamuchirwa, mameseji emutengi eemail anochengetedza mameseji kune anoshanda system mafaera pane faira system. Vamwe vanochengeta mameseji ega ega semafaira akaparadzana, nepo vamwe vachishandisa mamwe, kazhinji evaridzi, mafomati edatabase ekuchengetedza pamwe chete. Iyo nhoroondo yekuchengetedza data chiyero ndiyo mbox fomati. Iyo chaiyo fomati inoshandiswa inowanzo ratidzwa neyakakosha filename extensions:

• EML - inoshandiswa nevatengi veemail vakawanda, kusanganisira Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Outlook Express, Lotus manotsi, Windows Mail, Mozilla Thunderbird, uye Postbox. Aya mafaera ane muviri weiyo email meseji mune yakajeka mavara muMIME fomati, ine musoro uye muviri wemeseji, kusanganisira zvakabatanidzwa mune imwe kana akawanda mafomati.
• emlks - kushandisa Apple Mail.
• MSG -Microsoft Office Outlook uye OfficeLogic Groupware inoshandiswa.
• MBH - inoshandiswa neOpera Mail, KMail uye Apple Mail zvichibva pane mbox fomati.

Mamwe maapplication (akadai seApple Mail) anosiya akavharirwa mameseji mumameseji anotsvaga uchichengeta makopi akasiyana ezvinamatidzwa. Vamwe vanoparadzanisa zvakanamirwa kubva kumeseji uye vozvichengeta mune yakatarwa dhairekitori.