Emanuel Lasker - wechipiri chess shasha yenyika

Emanuel Lasker aive mutambi wechiGerman chess anobva kumaJuda, muzivi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu, asi nyika inomurangarira zvakanyanya semutambi mukuru wechess. Akahwina mukombe wepasi rose wechess aine makore makumi maviri nemashanu nekukunda Wilhelm Steinitz ndokuuchengeta kwemakore 25 akatevera, iro rakareba kwazvo munhoroondo. Akanga ari mutsigiri wechikoro cheSteinitz chine musoro, icho, zvisinei, akapfumisa nehuchenjeri hwake uye pfungwa dzepfungwa. Aive shasha yezvidziviriro uye yekupikisa, akanyanya kunaka pakupera kwechess.

1. Emanuel Lasker, kunobva:

Emanuel Lasker akaberekwa paKisimusi 1868 muBerlinchen (yava kunzi Barlinek muWest Pomeranian Voivodeship) mumhuri yecantor wesinagogi reko. Kuda chess kwakaiswa mune ramangwana sekuru nemukoma wake Berthold. Kubva paudiki, Emanuel akashamisika nehunyanzvi hwake, kugona kwemasvomhu uye kugona kwakazara muchess. Akapedza chikoro chesekondari muGorzow uye muna 1888 akatanga kudzidza masvomhu nefilosofi muBerlin. Zvisinei, kuda kwake chess kwainyanya kukosha, uye ndizvo zvaainyanya kufunga paakasiya (1).

1894 World Chess Championship mutambo

Mutambo uchipokana ne58-year-old title defender American Wilhelm Steinitz Emanuel Lasker ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu akatamba mumaguta matatu (New York, Philadelphia neMontreal) kubva munaKurume 25 kusvika Chivabvu 15, 26. Mitemo yemutambo yaifungidzira mutambo unosvika gumi wakahwina mitambo, uye dhirowa haina kuverengerwa semhedzisiro. Emanuel Lasker akahwina 1894:10(10).

2. Emanuel Lasker (kurudyi) naWilhelm Steinitz mumutambo wezita renyika muna 1894, kwakabva:

Kukunda nekubwinya hazvina kutenderedza musoro waEmanuel. Muna 1899 akapedza zvidzidzo zvesvomhu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeHeidelberg, uye makore matatu gare gare muErlangen akawana Ph.D.

Muna 1900-1912 akagara muEngland uye USA. Panguva iyoyo, akazvipira kuita basa resainzi mumunda wemasvomhu uye uzivi, uye mumitambo chess aiita, kunyanya, kugadzirisa Lasker Chess Journal muna 1904-1907 (3, 4). Muna 1911 akaroora munyori Martha Kohn muBerlin.

3. Emanuel Lasker, kunobva:

4. Lasker's Chess Magazine, chivharo, Mbudzi 1906, kunobva:

Kubudirira kukuru kwaLasker mumutambo unoshanda kunosanganisira kukunda pamakwikwi makuru muLondon (1899), St. Petersburg (1896 na1914), uye New York (1924).

Muna 1912 mukupera kwa1914, asi mutambo iwoyo wakamiswa pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga.

Muna 1921, akarasikirwa nezita renyika pamusoro peCapablanca. Gore rakapfuura, Lasker akanga aziva muvengi wake semutambi we chess akanakisa munyika, asi Capablanca aida kurova Lasker mumutambo wepamutemo.

1921 World Chess Championship mutambo

Kurume 15 - Kubvumbi 28, 1921 muHavana Lasker vakabata mutambo wezita shasha yepasi rose nemutambi weCuba chess Jose Raul Capablanca. Uyu waive mutambo wekutanga mushure mekumira kwemakore gumi nerimwe kwakakonzerwa neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga (11). Mutambo uyu wange wakarongerwa mitambo inodarika makumi maviri nemana. Anokunda aifanira kunge ari mutambi akatanga kuwana mahwina matanhatu, uye kana pasina akabudirira, mutambi ane mapoinzi akawanda. Pakutanga mutambo wakafamba zvakanaka, asi sezvo zhizha rinopisa reCuba rakatanga, hutano hwaLasker hwakadzikira. Nezvibodzwa 5:24 (6:5 isingasanganisire madhirowa), Lasker akaramba kuenderera mberi nemutambo ndokudzokera kuEurope.

5. Jose Raul Capablanca (kuruboshwe) - Emanuel Lasker mumutambo wezita renyika muna 1921, kwakabva: 

6. Emanuel Lasker, kunobva: National Library yeIsrael, Shwadron collection.

Lasker aizivikanwa nenzira dzake dzepfungwa dzekutamba (6). Akateerera zvakanyanya kwete chete inotevera mafambiro epfungwachii chiziviso chepfungwa chemuvengi uye kusarudzwa kwemaitiro asina kugadzikana kwaari, zvichibatsira pakutumwa kwekukanganisa. Dzimwe nguva aisarudza ne theoretically isina kusimba mafambiro, ayo, zvisinei, aifanira kufadza muvengi. Mumutambo wakakurumbira wakatarisana neCapablanca (St. Petersburg, 1914), Lasker aida chaizvo kuhwina, asi kuti anyengetedze kungwaririra kwomupikisi wake, akasarudza kusiyana kwekutanga, kwainzi kudhirowa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Capablanca yakatamba isina hanya uye yakarasika.

Kubva 1927 Lasker aiva shamwari Albert Einsteinaigara pedyo neBerlin's Schöneberg district. Muna 1928, Einstein, achikorokotedza Lasker pakuzvarwa kwake makumi matanhatu, akamuti "murume weRenaissance." Fungidziro kubva munhaurirano dziri pakati pemufizikisi akangwara uye mutambi we chess akanakisa pasi rose anogona kuwanikwa munhanganyaya yebiography yaEmanuel Lasker, umo Albert Einstein akakakavadzana nemaonero eshamwari yake pamusoro pekumhanya kwechiedza pasi pedzidziso yehukama. Ndinotenda murume uyu asinganeti, akazvimirira uye ane mwero nehurukuro dzakapfuma dzaakandipa,” akanyora kudaro nyanzvi yefizikisi yakangwara munhanganyaya yebiography yaLasker.

Iyo cartoon (7) "Albert Einstein anosangana naEmanuel Lasker" naOliver Schopf yakaunzwa pachiratidziro chikuru chakatsaurirwa kuhupenyu uye chess basa raEmanuel Lasker muBerlin-Kreuzberg muna Gumiguru 2005. Yakaburitswa zvakare muGerman chess magazini Schach.

7. Oliver Schopf's satirical drawing "Albert Einstein anosangana naEmanuel Lasker"

Muna 1933 Lasker nemudzimai wake Martha Cohnvose vemavambo echiJudha vakamanikidzwa kubva muGermany. Vakatamira kuEngland. Muna 1935, Lasker akagamuchira kukokwa kubva kuMoscow kuti auye kuSoviet Union, achimupa nhengo yeMoscow Academy of Sciences. MuUSSR, Lasker akarasa ugari hweGerman uye akagamuchira ugari hweSoviet. Mukutarisana nekutya kwakaperekedza kutonga kwaStalin, Lasker akasiya Soviet Union uye muna 1937, pamwe chete nomudzimai wake, vakaenda kuNew York kuburikidza neNetherlands. Zvisinei, akagara munyika yake itsva kwemakore mashomanana chete. Akafa nechirwere cheitsvo muNew York muna Ndira 11, 1941 aine makore makumi manomwe nemaviri paMount Sinai Hospital. Lassen akavigwa munhoroondo yeBeth Olom Cemetery muQueens, New York.

A akati wandei ekuvhura chess akasiyana anotumidzwa zita rake, senge Lasker akasiyana muQueen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 0-0 6.Nf3 h6 7.Bh4 N4 ) uye Evans Gambit ( 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 G:b4 5.c3 Ga5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 Bb6). Lasker aive murume akadzidza, Ph.D. aine hunyanzvi hwemasvomhu, munyori wezvinyorwa zvesainzi nemabhuku, nyanzvi yakatanhamara pamutambo weGO, mutambi wemabhiriji akanakisa uye munyori pamwe naye wemitambo.

8. Ibwe reChirangaridzo muBarlinka mumugwagwa. Khmelna 7 mukurangarira Emanuel Lasker,

chinyorwa:

MuBarlinek (8, 9), guta rekumusha re "King of Chess", iyo International Chess Mutambo mukurangarira D. Emanuel Lasker wakaitwa. Kune zvakare yemuno chess kirabhu "Lasker" Barlinek.

9. Vamise. Emanuel Lasker muBarlinek,

chinyorwa:

Chess alphabet

shiri debut

Kuvhurwa kweshiri kunoshanda, kunyangwe zvisingaite, kuvhurwa kwechess kunotanga na1.f4 (dhayagiramu 12). Muchena unotora kutonga kwee5-square, kuwana mukana wekurwisa pamutengo wekuderera kushoma kwemambo.

Kuvhura uku kwakataurwa naLuis Ramirez de Lucena mubhuku rake Repetición de amoresy arte de ajedrez, con 150 juegos de partido (Kubata nezverudo uye chess art nemienzaniso zana nemakumi mashanu yemitambo), rakabudiswa muSalamanca (Spain). muna 1497 (13) . Makopi masere anozivikanwa echinyorwa chekutanga achiripo nanhasi.

Mutambi anotungamira wechiRungu chess wezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, Henry Edward Shiri (14), akaongorora uye akashandisa kuvhurwa uku mumitambo yake kubva 1855 kwemakore makumi mana. Muna 40, The Hereford Times (bepanhau revhiki nevhiki rinobudiswa China choga choga muHereford, England) yakadana Byrd kuvhura danho rekutanga 1885.f1, uye zita iri raizivikanwa. Sekuru veDanish Bent Larsen, mutambi wechess anotungamira pasi rose wemakore makumi matanhatu nema4s, aivewo mutsigiri wekuvhurwa kwaByrd.

13. Peji kubva mubhuku rekare rakadhindwa chess, makopi ayo achiripo nanhasi - Luis Lucena "Repetición de amores y arte de ajedrez, con 150 juegos de partido"

14. Henry Edward Bird, źródło: 

Mhinduro huru uye inowanzoshandiswa mugadziriro ino ndeye 1..d5 (dhayagiramu 15), i.e. mutambo unokura senge muDutch Defense (1.d4 f5), chete neakadzoserwa mavara, asi mukusiyana uku kwekuvhura kwaByrd White kune imwe tempo yakakura kupfuura . The best move White has now is 2.Nf3. Iyo knight inodzora e5 uye d4 uye inodzivirira Mutema kubva kuedza mambo neQh4. Ipapo munhu anogona kutamba, semuenzaniso, 2… c5 3.e3 Nf6 nenzvimbo yakaenzana.

15. Musiyano mukuru mukuvhura kwaByrd: 1.f4 d5

International shasha Timothy Taylor, mubhuku rake pamusoro Byrd kuvhura, anotenda kuti chikuru kudzivirira mutsetse 1.f4 d5 2.Nf3 g6 3.e3 Bg7 4.Ge2 Nf6 5.0-0 0-0 6.d3 c5 (16).

16. Timothy Taylor (2005). Kuvhurwa kweShiri: Hudzamu hwekuvhara kweWhite's underrated uye ine simba sarudzo

Kana Mutema akasarudza 2.g3, zvino mhinduro yaVatema inokurudzirwa ndeye 2…h5! uye mberi, semuenzaniso, 3.Nf3 h4 4.S:h4 W:h4 5.g:h4 e5 nekurwisa kweBlack.

Gambit Fromm

17. Martin Severin Kubva, Kwakabva:

Gambit Kubva kuvhurwa zvine hukasha kwakaunzwa mumakwikwi ekudzidzira nekuda kweongororo yeDanish chess master Martin Kubva (17), musiki wekumusoro gambit.

Frome's Gambit inogadzirwa mushure mekufamba 1.f4 e5 uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa kuenderera kweShiri Kuvhurwa (dhaigiramu 18). Naizvozvo, vatambi vazhinji vanobva vangotamba 2.e4, vachitamira kuGambit yaMambo, kana mushure mekugamuchira gambit 2.f:e5 d6, vanosiya chidimbu nekutamba 3.Nf3 d:e5 4.e4

Mune Kubva kuGambit, munhu anofanira kuyeuka kudzivisa kuwira mumusungo, somuenzaniso, 1.f4 e5 2.f:e5 d6 3.e:d6 G:d6 (dhayagiramu 19) 4.Cc3? Iye zvakare anorasikirwa nekukurumidza, senge 4.e4? Hh4+5.g3 Gg3+6.h:g3 H:g3+7.Ke2 Gg4+8.Nf3 H:f3+9.Ke1 Hg3 # Best 4.Nf3. 4… Hh4 + 5.g3 G:g3 + 6.h:g3 H:g3 #

19. Kubva pa gambit, chinzvimbo mushure me 3... H: d6

Mumutsauko mukuru weFrome's Gambit 1.f4 e5 2.f:e5 d6 3.e:d6 G:d6 4.Nf3, shasha yepasi rose Emanuel Lasker akatamba 4…g5 mumutambo weShiri-Lasker wakatambirwa kuNewcastle upon Pona. Tyne muna 1892. Uyu musiyano, zvakare unonyanya kushandiswa nhasi, unonzi Lasker musiyano. Iye zvino White anogona kusarudza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvirongwa zviviri zvemutambo zvinonyanya kushandiswa: 5.g3 g4 6.Sh4 kana 5.d4 g4 6.Ne5 (kana 6.Ng5, ipapo 6…f5 nekutyisidzira kweh6 uye kuhwina knight).

Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889

Imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira chess munhoroondo yakatambwa pakati pavo. Emanuel Lasker i Johann Bauer muAmsterdam muna 1889. Mumutambo uyu, Lasker akabayira mabhishopi ake maviri kuti aparadze mapeni achidzivirira mambo wemuvengi.

20. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, chinzvimbo mushure me13 Ha2

1.f4 d5 2.e3 Nf6 3.b3 e6 4.Bb2 Ge7 5.Bd3 b6 6.Sc3 Bb7 7.Nf3 Nbd7 8.0-0 0-0 9.Se2 c5 10.Ng3 Qc7 11.Ne5 S: e5 12. G: e5 Qc6 13.Qe2 (dhayagiramu 20) 13… a6? Sarudzo yakaipa inobvumira Lasker kubayira vatumwa. Zvirinani aive 13… g6 munzvimbo yakaenzana. 14.Sh5 Sxh5 15.Hxh7 + Muchena anobayira bhishopu wekutanga. 15…K:h7 16.H:h5 + Kg8 17.G:g7 (e.21) 17…K:g7 Kuramba kubaira bhishopi wechipiri kunotungamirira kumurume. Mushure megumi nenomwe… f17 kunouya yechigumi nesere Re5 Rf18 5.FF6 ichiteverwa ne19.Reg3, uye mushure megumi nenomwe… f20 yechigumi nesere kana yechitanhatu Re3 inohwina. 17.Qg6 + Kh18 6.Rf18 Mutema anofanira kusiya mambokadzi wake kuti adzivise shamwari. 3… e18 4.Wh7 + Qh19 3.W:h19 + W:h5 20.Qd3 (dhayagiramu 6) Kufamba uku, kurwisa mabhishopu evatema ese, kunotungamira kune Lasker's material and positional advantage. 21… Bf6 6.H: b22 Kg7 22.Wf22 Wab6 23.Hd7 Wfd7 24.Hg1 + Kf8 25.fe7 Gg8 26.e4 Wb8 27.Hg5 f7 28.W: f6 + G: f7 29.H: 6.Hh6 + Ke30 6.Hg6 + K: e31 6.H: b8 Wd32 8.H: a7 d33 7.e: d6 c: d34 7.h6 d35 6.H: d4 (dhayagiramu 36) 4-4.

21. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, chinzvimbo mushure me17.G: g7

22. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, chinzvimbo mushure me22Qd7.

23. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, nzvimbo iyo Bauer akakanda mapfumo pasi.