Nguva yematangi asina kujairika

Nguva yematangi asina kujairika

Matangi ekutanga akanyorwa Mark I akashandiswa muhondo muna 1916 nemaBritish paHondo yeSomme mukutsigira varwi vetsoka. Kurwiswa kwekutanga kukuru kwetangi kwakaitika panguva yeHondo yeCambrai muna 1917. Pachiitiko chegore rechi XNUMX rezviitiko izvi, regai ndipe tarisiro yezvishoma-zvinozivikanwa modhi uye pfungwa dzematangi - akasiyana uye anoshamisa dhizaini.

Mota dzechokwadi dzekutanga dzakashongedzerwa dzaive mota dzakashongedzerwa dzakagadzirwa mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kazhinji dzakashongedzerwa nepfuti yemuchina kana mwenje mwenje. Nekufamba kwenguva, pamotokari huru uye inorema, nhamba yezvombo uye caliber yakawedzera. Panguva iyoyo, vaimhanya uye vakanyatsodzivirira vashandi kubva kumoto wepfuti uye zvimedu. Nekudaro, vaive nedambudziko rakakura: vaishanda zvisina kunaka kana kusashanda zvachose.

kunze kwemigwagwa ine tara...

Kupedza chinetso ichi, kubvira pakupera kwa1914 muGreat Britain, kuedza kwakaitwa kuti vakuru vakuru veBritish War Office vabvume kudikanwa kwekuvaka motokari dzehondo, dzine zvombo zvakavakirwa pamatirakita okurima egonye. Kuedza kwekutanga munzira iyi kwakaitwa muna 1911 (neAustrian Günter Burstyn uye weAustralia Lancelot de Molay), asi havana kuzivikanwa nevanoita sarudzo. Panguva ino, zvakadaro, yakashanda, uye gore rakatevera maBritish, Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson naWilliam Tritton, vakagadzira uye vakavaka mufananidzo weLittle Willie tank (Little Willie), uye mabasa acho pachawo - kuvanza. ivo - vaive vakavigwa pasi pezita rekodhi Tank. Iri izwi richiri kushandiswa mumitauro yakawanda kutsanangura tangi.

Munzira yekushanduka kweiyo pfungwa kusvika muna Ndira 1916, prototypes yeanozivikanwa matangi akaita sedhaimani Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) akavakwa uye akaedzwa zvinobudirira. Vakanga vari vekutanga kutora chikamu muHondo yeSomme munaGunyana 1916, uye zvakare vakava chimwe chezviratidzo zvekupinda kweBritain muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mark I matangi nevatsivi vavo vakagadzirwa mushanduro mbiri: "murume" (Murume), ane 2 cannons uye 3 pfuti dzemuchina (2 x 57 mm uye 3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) uye "mukadzi" (Mukadzi), ane 5. pfuti dzemuchina (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss uye 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), asi mushanduro dzakazotevera, ruzivo rwezvombo rwakachinja.

The Mark I variants aive nehuremu hwakasanganiswa hwe27 ne28 tons, zvichiteerana; hunhu hwavo hwaive huro hudiki, hwakarembera pakati pezvivakwa zvakakura zvakaita sedhaimani zvine masiponi ezvombo kumativi, ayo akanyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete nemakonye. Nhumbi dzakarukwa dzaive 6 kusvika 12 mm gobvu uye dzakachengetedzwa chete kubva kumoto wemuchina. Iyo yakaoma kwazvo dhiraivha system ine 16 hp Daimler-Knight 105-cylinder injini. uye seti mbiri dzemagiyabhokisi nemaclutches, zvaida kuti vanhu 4 vashande - huwandu hwenhengo 8 dzevashandi - 2 panjanji imwe neimwe. Saka, tangi yakanga yakakura kwazvo (kureba 9,92 m ne "muswe" unofambisa kudzora uye kukurira migero, 4,03 m yakafara ne sponsons uye 2,44 m yakakwirira) uye yakaderera-speed (yakanyanya kukurumidza kusvika 6 km / h), asi iyo yakanga iri nzira inobudirira yokutsigira varwi vanofamba netsoka. Huwandu hwe150 Mark I matangi akaunzwa, uye mazhinji, mazhinji akawanda mamodheru akatevera kukura kwayo.