Parafini ine nhamba yeoctane here?

Fuel octane nebasa rayo

Octane rating ndiyo chiyero chekushanda kwehuturu. Inoyerwa maererano neiyo isooctane yakachena, iyo inopihwa kukosha kweiyo 100. Iyo yakakwirira iyo octane rating, iyo yakawanda compression inozodiwa kuti detonate mafuta.

Kune rimwe divi, octane haisi chiyero chekuyera chete chinoshandiswa kurongedza peturu zvinoenderana neayo anti-kugogodza maitiro, asiwo chaiyo-yehupenyu paraffinic hydrocarbon. Formula yaro iri padyo neC₈H₁₈. Normal octane imvura isina ruvara inowanikwa mumafuta ari kufashaira ingangoita 124,6⁰C.

General peturu ndeye (kana isu tikasabvisa pesvedzero ye ethanol chikamu) musanganiswa wemahydrocarbon akati wandei. Nokudaro, nhamba yeoctane inoverengwa senhamba yeatomu yeoctane mu molecule ye petroli.

Zvese zviri pamusoro ndezvechokwadi here paparafini sehuni?

Kupokana kwedzimwe pfungwa nenharo

Pasinei neyakajairwa mabviro uye kufanana mukuumbwa kwemakemikari, parafini inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva peturu kubva kune physicochemical maonero. Misiyano yacho ndeiyi:

1. Nehunyanzvi, chero parafini iri pedyo zvakanyanya nemafuta edhiziri, iyo, sezvamunoziva, inoratidzirwa nenhamba yecetane. Naizvozvo, parafini inogona kushandiswa mumajini edhiziri, ayo anovimba nekungopokana kwemafuta akamanikidzwa. Kerosene haishandiswe muinjini dzinopisa mukati, kunze kwendege diki dzepiston.
2. Iyo flash point yeparafini inosiyana zvakanyanya nemhando, saka mamiriro ekubatidza kwayo mujini achave akasiyana.

3. Mamwe mabhuku ekare uye mabhuku ereferensi anopa izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti maconditional octane manhamba emafuta edhiziri. Kukosha kwavo i15…25. Izvi hazvina maturo kana zvichienzaniswa neaya peturu, asi iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti mafuta edhiziri anopiswa mumhando yakasiyana zvachose yeinjini. Diesel ine low volatility, yakaderera kugogodza kuramba, uye panguva imwechete yakakwirira simba pavhoriyamu yeyuniti.
4. Musiyano wakakosha pakati pepeturu neparafini ndewekuti parafini inotova musanganiswa weinodarika imwe mutsara kana branched alkane hydrocarbon, hapana ine mbiri kana katatu zvisungo. Kune chikamu chayo, octane ndeimwe yealkane mapoka emahydrocarbons, uye ndicho chikamu chikuru chepeturu. Naizvozvo, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuziva iyo inonzi octane nhamba yeparafini chete mushure meimwe nzira yekuparadzanisa imwe alkane hydrocarbon kubva kune imwe.

Nzira yekuziva sei kushanda kweparafini sehuni?

Chero zvazvingava, kwete maererano nenhamba ye octane: haipo yeparafini. Kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa murabhoritari, uye kwete mumamiriro eindasitiri, kwakapa mutsauko wakakura mumhedzisiro yekupedzisira. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa sezvinotevera. Munguva yekunyungudutswa kwemafuta asina kuchena, chikamu chepakati pakati pepeturu neparafini chinoumbwa, chinowanzonzi naphtha kana naphtha. Naphtha mbishi haikodzeri kusanganiswa nepeturu, sezvo ichideredza octane number yayo. Naphtha zvakare haina kukodzera kusanganiswa neparafini nekuti, kunze kwekufunga kwekuita, inodzikisa flash point. Naizvozvo, naphtha kazhinji inoiswa pasi pekugadzirisa chiutsi kugadzira gasi remafuta kana gasi rekugadzira. Zvigadzirwa zve distillation panguva yekugadzirwa kweparafini zvinogona kunge zvine chikamu chakasiyana chekuumbwa, icho chisingarambe chiripo kunyange mukati meiyo batch yemafuta chigadzirwa.

Mukupedzisa, tinoona kuti aviation parafini TS-1 inoshandiswa sehuni yejeti ndege. Injini yejeti iturbine yegasi umo kupisa kunoenderera mukamuri yekupisa. Izvi zvinosiyanisa injini dzakadai kubva kune dizeli kana peturu injini, uko kupisa kunoitika padanho rinodiwa mukutenderera kwe thermodynamic. Kune parafini yakadaro, zvakare yakanyanya kurongeka kuverenga nhamba yecetane, uye kwete iyo octane nhamba.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, paparafini hapana, uye haigone kuve, analogue ine octane nhamba yepeturu.

OCTANE NUMBER Chii?