F-35 yePoland

Nekuda kwechibvumirano cheLoA, chakatangwa nedivi rePoland muna Ndira 31, 2020, muna 2030 iyo Polish Air Force ichave nezvikwata zvishanu zvakashongedzerwa nendege dzekurwisa dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa neAmerican corporation Lockheed Martin.

Musi waNdira 31, mukuru "kusaina" kwechibvumirano chehurumende pamusoro pekutengwa nePoland ye32 Lockheed Martin F-35A Mheni II ndege dzakawanda dzekurwisa dzakaitika paMilitary Aviation Academy muDeblin, iyo yakaziviswa kwechinguva neGurukota re Dziviriro yenyika Mariusz Blaszczak. Chiitiko ichi chakashongedzwa nekuvapo kwe, pakati pevamwe, Mutungamiriri weRepublic of Poland Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Gurukota reDziviriro Mariusz Blaszczak uye Mukuru weGeneral Staff wePolish Armed Forces General Raimund Andrzejczak. Mumiriri weUS kuPoland Georgette Mosbacher aivepowo.

Kudiwa kwekusimbisa kuvandudzwa uye shanduko yezvizvarwa zveAir Force zvishandiso zvakakurukurwa kubva pakasainwa muna Kubvumbi 18, 2003 kwechibvumirano chinotsanangura mamiriro ekutengwa kwe48 Lockheed Martin F-16C / D Block 52+ Jastrząb multipurpose ndege. ndege dzehondo. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwefungidziro yekutengwa kweimwe mhando yendege uye nzira yekuiwana, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvemari zvakagadziridzwa uye zvakasimbiswa nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika, sarudzo yekutenga batch inotevera yeWestern-yakagadzirwa ndege yakamiswa. Kuchengetedza kugona kwekurwisa kwendege kwakagadziriswa nekuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yeSu-22 neMiG-29 ndege. Yakatorwa neindasitiri yedziviriro yenyika - iyo Air Force Institute of Technology muWarsaw uye Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze nr 2 SA muBydgoszcz. Mumakore achangopfuura, tichiona kuti hupenyu hwesevhisi yemotokari dzehondo dzakagadzirwa neSoviet dziri kusvika kumagumo, ongororo dzakatangazve pakutengwa kwendege nyowani dzehondo dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakarerekera kurudzi rwechishanu F-5 mota. Zvisinei, zvichida, F-35 ingadai yakatengwa makore mashomanana gare gare, kana isiri ye "black series" yenjodzi dzinosanganisira MiG-35, yakatangwa nemoto paMalbork Airport musi waJune 29, 11. Somugumisiro. yezviitiko izvi, motokari ina dzakaparadzwa kana kukuvara zvakanyanya, uye mutyairi weimwe yacho akafa musi waChikunguru 2016, 6 pedyo nePaslenok.

Musi waNovember 23, 2017, iyo Armaments Inspectorate yeMinistry of National Defense (ID) yakaburitsa zviziviso nezve kutanga kwekuongororwa kwemusika mumapurojekiti "Kuvandudza mukana wekuita mabasa muhurongwa hwekurwa uye kudzivirira kurwisa simba remhepo uye muvengi. mabasa akaitwa kutsigira pasi, gungwa uye mashandiro akasarudzika - Multipurpose Combat Ndege." uye "Airborne Electronic Jamming Kugona". Kunyange zvazvo vasina kushandisa zita rekodhi Harpia, iro rakaonekwa kare mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutenga kwendege itsva yezvinangwa zvakawanda, zvaiva pachena kune wese kuti zviziviso zvePS zvaive nechokuita nechirongwa ichi. Vagadziri vanofarira vakatozotumira zvikumbiro zvavo kusvika Zvita 18, 2017. Izvi zvakaita kuti Saab Defense and Security, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Boeing Company, Leonardo SpA uye Fights On Logistics Sp. z oo Pamusoro pekambani yekupedzisira, mamwe makambani anozivikanwa anogadzira ma multirole fighters, kunyanya 4,5 chizvarwa mhando. Chete Lockheed Martin aigona kupa chizvarwa chechishanu F-5 Mheni II. Zvinoratidza kuti kambani yeFrance Dassault Aviation, inogadzira Rafale fighters, yakanga isipo muboka iri. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekusaenda uku kutonhora kwemubatanidzwa wemauto-tekinoroji pakati peWarsaw neParis, zvakakonzerwa, kunyanya, nekukanzurwa nebazi reNational Defense muna 35 kwekutengwa kweAirbus H2016M Caracal multi-purpose helicopters. Kana kungoti Dassault Aviation yakanyatso ongorora kuti nyoro inokwanisika ingangove nzira yefacade.

Kuvapo kwevanonyanya kukosha vezvematongerwo enyika vePoland muDeblin kwakaratidza kukosha kwemhemberero yaNdira 31 uye kukosha kwekutenga F-35A yeAir Force. Pamufananidzo, pamwe chete naGeorgette Mosbacher naMariusz Blaszczak, Mutungamiriri weRepublic of Poland Andrzej Duda uye Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.

Iyo Plan yeTechnical Modernization yePolish Armed Forces yemakore 28-2019 (PMT 2017-2026), yakaratidzwa muna Kukadzi 2017, 2026, inonyora kutorwa kwemakumi matatu nembiri emhando dzekurwisa ndege, iyo inonzi. 32th chizvarwa, iyo ichatsigirwa neiyo ikozvino inoshanda F-5C / D Jastrząb. Iyo purojekiti nyowani inofanirwa: kukwanisa kushanda munzvimbo yakazadzwa nematanho ekudzivirira kwemhepo, kuenderana zvizere nendege dzakabatana uye kukwanisa kutumira data yakagamuchirwa munguva chaiyo. Zvinyorwa zvakadaro zvakaratidza zvakajeka kuti F-16A, yakasimudzirwa seyo chete yerudzi rwechishanu motokari iripo kuMadokero, inogona kutengwa chete kuburikidza neUS federal kunze kwemauto ekutengesa mauto. Mafungiro aya akasimbiswa munaKurume 35 neMutungamiri Duda, uyo, muhurukuro neredhiyo, akazivisa kutanga kwenhaurirano nedivi reAmerica maererano nekutengwa kwemotokari dzeF-5. Zvinonakidza kuti pakarepo mushure mekuparara kweMiG-12 munaKurume 35, 29, mutungamiri wenyika neNational Security Service vakazivisa kutanga kwekuongororwa kwekutengwa kweHarpies, sezvakangoita maHawks - chiitiko chakakosha. kumisikidza mari yechirongwa ichi kunze kwebhajeti reBazi reDzidzo neSainzi. Pakupedzisira, pfungwa yacho haina kugamuchirwa, uye chete Ministry of Defense ndiyo yaizotenga. Zvinhu zvakadzikama mumazuva akatevera aKurume, kungopisa mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika zvakare musi wa4 Kubvumbi. Zuva iro, panguva yegakava muUS Congress, wad. Matthias W. "Mat" Winter, mukuru wehofisi yepurogiramu yeF-2019 (inonzi Joint Program Office, JPO) kuUnited States Department of Defense, akazivisa kuti hurumende yehurumende iri kufunga kubvumidza kutengeswa kwedhizaini kune dzimwe nyika ina dzeEurope. : Spain, Greece, Romania uye… Poland. Vachitaura nezvemashoko aya, Mutungamiri Blaszczak akawedzera kuti hurongwa hwezvemari uye hwepamutemo hwekutengwa kwe "ndege ye4 35th generation" iri kugadzirirwa. Rutivi rwePoland rwakaedza kudzikisira maitiro emvumo yekutenga, pamwe nekushandisa nzira yekukurumidzira yenhaurirano. Mumavhiki akatevera, tembiricha dzakatenderedza F-32 "dzakadonha" zvakare, dzichipisa zvakare muna Chivabvu. Mazuva maviri anoita seakakosha - Chivabvu 5 na35. Musi waChivabvu 16, gakava rakaitika muParamende yeNational Defense Committee, panguva iyo Wojciech Skurkiewicz, Munyori weHurumende yebazi reNational Defense, akazivisa vatsigiri nezvesarudzo chaiyo yendege yechizvarwa chechishanu (kureva F-28A). kune maviri Air Force squadrons. Kutenga kwemichina yekutanga inosanganiswa mu 16-5 PMT, uye yechipiri - munguva inotevera yekuronga. Nekuona kutenga sechinhu chinodiwa nekukurumidza, nzira yekubuda-yemakwikwi inogona kushandiswa.

Zvakadaro, muna Chivabvu 28, Minister Blaszczak vakazivisa kuti Dhipatimendi reDziviriro yeNyika rakanga ratumira Tsamba yeChikumbiro (LoR) kuUnited States maererano nemvumo yekutengeswa kwe32 F-35As nemamiriro ayo. Mashoko anopiwa nemushumiri anoratidza kuti LoR, kunze kwekutenga ndege ivo pachavo, inosanganisira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvinhu uye kudzidzisa, kureva, chiyero chakagadzirirwa munyaya yeFMS nzira. Kuendesa iyo LoR kwakava maitiro epamutemo kudivi reUS, izvo zvakakonzera kuburitswa kwechikumbiro chekunze neDefence and Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) munaGunyana 11, 2019. Tadzidza kuti Poland inofarira kutenga 32 F-35As ine imwe spare Pratt Whitney F135 injini. Uye zvakare, yakajairwa Logistics uye tsigiro yekudzidziswa inosanganisirwa mupakeji. Vanhu vekuAmerica vakaisa mutengo wakakura wepasuru iyi pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemazana mashanu emadhora.

Zvichakadaro, muna Gumiguru 10, 2019, iyo Chirongwa cheTechnical Modernization yePolish Armed Forces ye2021-2035 yakabvumidzwa, iyo, nekuda kwekureba kwayo, yakatopihwa kutengwa kwechishanu chizvarwa mota dzakawanda dzezvikwata zviviri.

Sezvatakadzidza mazuva mashoma pamberi pemhemberero muDeblin, panguva iyo rutivi rwePoland rwakatanga chibvumirano cheLetter of Acceptance (LoA), yakambosayirwa nevamiririri vehutungamiri hweUnited States, pakupedzisira, mutengo wepakiti panguva yekukurukurirana wakaderedzwa. kusvika 4,6, bhiriyoni 17 US madhora, i.e. anenge 572 bhiriyoni 35 mamiriyoni zł. Imwe F-87,3A inotarisirwa kuita mari inosvika mamiriyoni maviri nemazana masere emadhora. Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti iyi ndiyo inonzi flyaway cost, i.e. mari yepasi inopinzwa nemugadziri pakugovera giredhi ine injini, izvo zvisingareve kuti mutengi anogamuchira ndege yakagadzirira kushanda, uye zvakanyanya kurwa. Poland ichabhadhara $2,8 bhiriyoni yendege nemainjini avo, iyo inenge 61% yehuwandu hwekondirakiti kukosha. Mari yekudzidzira ndege nevashandi vehunyanzvi yakafungidzirwa pamadhora gumi emamiriyoni.

Kuderedzwa kwemutengo kwakawanikwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuda kwekuramba kudzorera zvose kana chikamu chemari yekutora kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Sekureva kweBazi reDziviriro, kungoramba kudzoreredza kwakaponesa madhora bhiriyoni 1,1. Nekudaro, zvinogona kutarisirwa kuti Lockheed Martin nevamwe vayo vekumaindasitiri vachavandudza kushandira pamwe neindasitiri yekudzivirira nendege yePoland, iyo yakakurudzirwa pakusaina chibvumirano chekubatana pakati peLockheed Martin Corp. uye Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA. pakuwedzera kwekugona kweWojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze No. 2 SA muBydgoszcz mumunda wekuchengetedza C-130 Hercules ndege dzekutakura uye F-16 multi-role fighters.

Huwandu hwe4,6 bhiriyoni US madhora ndiyo mutengo wemari, kana michina yakatengwa ichipfuura miganhu yePoland, ichafanirwa kubhadhara VAT. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kweBazi reNyika Dziviriro, iyo yekupedzisira gross mari ichawedzera neinenge PLN 3 bhiriyoni, kusvika pamwero we PLN 20,7 bhiriyoni (pamutengo wekuchinjana weUS dollar pazuva rekusayina kondirakiti). Kubhadhara kwese pasi pechibvumirano cheLoA kunofanirwa kuitwa muna 2020-2030.

Muruzivo rwakapihwa veruzhinji neBazi reDziviriro, zvinozivikanwa kuti iyo Polish F-35A ichabuda mukugadzirwa mune ramangwana uye ichave yakajairwa vhezheni yeBlock 4, iyo ichiri kuvandudzwa. Poland ichavawo yechipiri. - mushure meNorway - mushandisi weF-35 mota, iyo ichave ine hull brake chute inobata iyo inopfupisa kuburitswa (nekusagadzikana, iyo F-35A haina ivo). Zvinoenderana nezvinopihwa mukontrakiti, panguva yayo yechokwadi, zvese zvinogadziridzwa (kunyanya software) zvinotevedzwa zvechigarire mune inotevera dhizaini yekugadzira ichaitwa pamichina yakambounzwa.

Yekutanga F-35A yeAir Force inofanira kuendeswa muna 2024 uye pakutanga kwebasa ravo, pamwe nechikamu yendege kubva mubatch yakarongerwa kuendesa muna 2025 (matanhatu pamwero) ichaiswa muUnited States kudzidziswa kwekutyaira uye kutsigirwa kwepasi - maererano neChibvumirano, maAmerican achadzidzisa vatyairi vendege makumi maviri nemana (kusanganisira akati wandei kusvika padanho revadzidzisi) uye makumi mapfumbamwe matechnicians. Dzichashandiswawo kuita basa rebudiriro. Zuva rekupedzisira iri rinoreva kuti vanhu vekuAmerica havasi kuzopa kuPoland shanduro nhanhatu dzeBlock 24F dzakatogadzirwa kuTurkey, dzinoda kuvakwazve kuti dzienderane neBlock 90 target standard, idzo dzave kurohwa uye dzakamirira mafambiro adzo. Pakupera kwegore rapera, vezvenhau vakafungidzira nezveramangwana ravo, zvichiratidza kuti ndege idzi dzinogona kuenda kuPoland kana kuNetherlands (iyo inofanira kuwedzera kurongeka kwavo kwemazuva ano kusvika ku3 units).