F-35A Mheni II muEurope

Iyo F-35 yakagadzirwa senge network-centric kurwisa ndege, ichiita segedhi mune izvi, ichipawo zvimwe zvinhu zvetiweki zvine yakasanganiswa tactical mufananidzo. Izvi zvichawedzera mwero wekuziva kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvese zvinhu zvetiweki kusvika padanho rakaenzana nekuziva mamiriro emutyairi weF-35.

Musi wa31 Ndira, mhemberero yepamutemo yekusaina chibvumirano chekutengwa kwendege makumi matatu nembiri Lockheed Martin F-32A Mheni II yePolish Air Force yakaitika muDeblin. Nokudaro, Poland yakabatana nenyika nomwe dzeEurope dzakatosarudza F-35 - Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, Italy uye UK. Tichitora mukana uyu, zvakakodzera kuti tiratidze mafambiro uye mamiriro azvino ezvirongwa zvekutenga zveF-35A munyika dziri pamusoro uye kubatanidzwa kwemakambani emuno mukuita zvirongwa zvekugadzira nekugadzirisa zvezvikepe zvepasi rose zverudzi urwu.

Yechishanu-chizvarwa F-35 Mheni II (Joint Strike Fighter, JSF) chirongwa chekurwisa ndege dzakawanda chave chiri pasi rose kubva pakutanga. Zvitatu zvakasiyana zveF-35 zvakagadziridzwa kutsiva akati wandei emhando dzendege dzinoshandiswa muUS uye munyika dzakabatana: F / A-18 Hornet, F-16 Kurwisa Falcon, F-4 Phantom II, A-10 Thunderbolt II, Tornado, AMX uye Harrier. Nyika dzinofarira kutora F-35 uye kusangana neUS kuchengetedza zvinodiwa dzinogona kutora chikamu muSystem Development uye Demonstration (SDD) chikamu chechirongwa cheJSF. Mukutsinhana nemupiro wemari, vaigona kuenderera mberi nekuita bvunzo dzekushanda, uyezve mukugadzirwa kwakawanda, vachiva izvo zvinonzi. vashandi vekubatana (Cooperative Program Partners, CPP).

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekubatanidzwa kwevatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika, maCPP akakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu. Wega weTier 1 mudiwa (Tier 1 kana Level 2004) iUK, iyo mari yekubatsira kwayo pakasvika 2,056 yaive mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora (zvino yaive 5,1% yemutengo wakakwana wedanho reSDD). Pamberi pe2002, Italy ($1,028 bhiriyoni; 2,5%) neNetherlands ($800 miriyoni; 2,0%) yakabatanawo neJSF seTier/Tier 2. Australia (144 miriyoni; 0,4%), Denmark (110 miriyoni; 0,3%), Canada. (100 miriyoni; 0,2%), Norway (122 miriyoni; 0,3%) neTurkey (175 miriyoni; 0,4%) yakava Tier 3 Partners. (Chikamu / Chikamu 35). Zvakare, Israel neSingapore vakabatana nechirongwa cheJSF sevanonzi Security Cooperation Participants (SCP) - vakaziviswa nezvechirongwa ichi, asi havana kutora chikamu machiri. Vatengi veF-XNUMX vakasara vanobatwa sevatengi vekunze.

Pakati penyika dzeEurope dzeNATO, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Turkey (iyo, zvisinei, yakabviswa muchirongwa muna 35) neItari, vachiri kuratidza chishuwo chavo chekutora ndege yeF-2019A ine yakajairika kusimuka uye. kumhara (CTOL), uye F-35B Short Takeoff uye Vertical Landing (STOVL) kuUK neItaly (ona Aviation International No. 8/2019). Vamwe vangangove vatengi vekuEurope veF-35 vanosanganisira Finland, Greece, Spain, Romania neSwitzerland, asi hapana sarudzo dzinosunga dzisati dzaitwa pavari.

Kugamuchirwa kwendege yeF-35 hakungorevi kukurumidza kuwedzera kwesimba rekurwa uye kugona kushanda kweAir Force, asiwo shanduko yakakosha muzvirongwa zvekudzidzisa kwevashandi uye maitiro ekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzeredza maairframes, injini uye avionics. Kudyara kunodhura kunodiwawo mukugadzirwa kwezvigadziko zvemhepo, pamwe nemidziyo uye zvinhu zvekubata pasi ndege. Imwe muripo wemitengo yakaitwa kutora chikamu kwemabhizinesi emuno muzvirongwa zvekugadzira, kugadzirisa uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kwendege (Kugadzira, Kusimudzira uye Kutevera-Kuvandudza, PSFD), yakagadzirirwa kwemakumi emakore akati wandei. Izvi zvinounza mabhenefiti ehupfumi kwenguva refu kune nyika dzinofunga kutenga F-35, sekuwana matekinoroji matsva, mabasa, mari yebhajeti.

Belgium

Hurukuro dzekuwana vatsivi vendege yeF-16 dzakatanga muBelgium makore anodarika gumi apfuura, asi hazvina kusvika munaKurume 17, 2017 apo hurumende yakazivisa kukoka kwepamutemo. Vakwikwidzi veF-35A muACCaP (Air Combat Capability Program) vaifanira kunge vari Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon uye Saab JAS 39E/F Gripen. Musi waKubvumbi 19 wegore rimwe chetero, Boeing yakabuda mutenda. VeSweden vakaita zvimwe chetezvo musi wa10 Chikunguru. Muna Gumiguru, hurumende yeBelgian yakaramba chirevo cheFrance pamusoro pehunyanzvi. Musi wa19 Ndira, 2018, Dhipatimendi reHurumende reUnited States rakabvuma kutengeswa kwe34 F-35As kuBelgium pasi peFMS (Foreign Military Sales) maitiro.

Tenda iyi yaifanirwa kugadziriswa muna Chikumi 2018, asi yakaendeswa kuna Gumiguru. Nekuda kwemitengo yakakura, Brussels yakafunga dzimwe sarudzo, kusanganisira zvakare kupa kuFrance kana kusimudzira iripo F-16s. Pakupedzisira, musi wa25 Gumiguru 2018, zvakasarudzwa kusarudza ndege yeF-35A ine Block 4 avionics software. Nokudaro, Belgium yakava nyika yegumi nematatu kutenga F-35. Panguva yemusangano wevatori venhau, Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kweBelgian, Stephen Vandeput, vakazivisa kuti chikumbiro cheAmerica ndicho chakanakisa pane chimwe nechimwe chezviyero zvinomwe zvekuongorora, uye kuti F-35A yaive sarudzo yakanakisa yenyika yedu maererano nezvemari, mashandiro nemaindasitiri.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti mari yekutenga 34 F-35As, pamwe chete nekutakura uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi, nemakore 3,8, mari yekontrakiti inogona kuva mabhiriyoni mana emaeuro). Kutumirwa kunotarisirwa kutanga muna 4 uye kuenderera kusvika pakupera kwemakore gumi. Kugadzirira kwekutanga kwekushanda (IOC) kunofanira kuwanikwa pakati pe2030, uye kugadzirira kwakakwana kwekushanda (FOC) - muna Ndira 6,53. Maererano nezvirongwa, F-2023A icharamba iri muchikamu chendege (Luchtcomponent; Composante Air; [Belgian] Air Component) yeBelgian Defence Forces (Dziviriro; La Défense; [Belgian] Defence Forces) kusvika angangoita 2027.

Makambani mazhinji eBelgian anotora chikamu muchirongwa cheF-35. Kambani yeDutch Fokker Technologies yakaraira kugadzirwa kwedamper fins kubva kuAsco Industries muZaventem. Muna Kurume 2018, Gosselis-based Sonaca yakasaina chibvumirano naLockheed Martin kugadzira ega F-35 zvimiro zvemukati. Uyewo, Ignition! (mubatanidzwa pakati peSonaca neSabena Aerospace) uchabata zvinhu (kutarisira kushanda, kugoverwa kwezvimedu, midziyo yepasi, kugadziriswa kwendege nekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo) uye kudzidziswa kwekutyaira uye makanika. Pasi pechibvumirano nePratt & Whitney Belgium Engine Center (BEC) muLiege, yekambani yeNorway AIM Norway, achatora chikamu mukuongorora nguva nenguva, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa injini dzeF135. ILIAS Solutions ichapa IT maturusi ekugadzirisa zvikepe, kugadzirisa uye kutenga.

Denmark

Denmark yakaratidza chishuwo chayo chekujoinha chirongwa cheJSF muna 1997 uye yakave mubatsiri wechitatu mu2002. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2005, hurumende yeDanish yakatanga zviri pamutemo hurongwa hwekutora varwi vatsva (chirongwa cheNyt Kampfly) kutsiva maF-16 anoshandiswa muAir Force (Flyvevåbnet; Royal Danish Air Force, RDAF). Panguva iyoyo, kutengwa kwemotokari 48 kwaifungidzirwa. Pakati pevavhoti paiva naLockheed Martin F-35A, Saab JAS 39 Gripen uye Eurofighter Typhoon. Nekudaro, weFrench Rafale aive asipo sezvo Dassault akabuda kubva munyoro. Muna Zvita 2007 muEurofighter akabudawo mumakwikwi, asi muna Chivabvu 2008 Boeing akabatana neF/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Dhizaini yakahwina yaizosarudzwa muna 2009, asi tenda yakakurumidza kunonoka negore rimwe, uye muna Kurume 2010 chirongwa chose chakamiswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemari.

Musi waKurume 13, 2013, veDanes vakatangazve maitiro ehunyoro, vachikoka makambani mana akafanana kuti atore chikamu. Panguva ino yaive yekutengwa kwe24-32 ndege. Zvikumbiro zvine hudzamu zvakatumirwa muna Kubvumbi 10, 2014, uye mabhii matatu akagamuchirwa naChikunguru 21 (Saab akabuda mubhidhi panguva iyi). Chisarudzo chekusarudzwa kweimwe rudzi rwendege yaifanira kuitwa pakupera kwaJune 2015, asi musi waMay 27 yakamiswa. Pakupedzisira, hazvina kusvika Chivabvu 12, 2016 apo Mutungamiriri weDanish Lars Løkke Rasmussen uye Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa, Peter Christensen vakazivisa kuti hurumende yaizokurudzira kuparamende kutengwa kwe27 F-35As inokosha US$3 bhiriyoni (CZK 20 bhiriyoni) . Musi wa9 Chikumi, mutongo wehurumende wakabvumwa nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika anopikisa. Chibvumirano chekugadzirwa uye kupihwa kwezvikamu zvisere zveLRIP 12 nhepfenyuro yakasainwa muna 2018. Zvadaro, mayuniti maviri achaodha yeLRIP 13 akatevedzana uye mana eiyo LRIP 14 akatevedzana.

Musi wa16 Ndira, 2019, gungano repamberi fuselage yekutanga Danish F-35A (RDAF nhamba yekunyoresa L-001) yakatanga paLockheed Martin chirimwa muFort Worth. Ndege iyi inotarisirwa kupera kupera gore rino isati yapihwa kuRDAF yeLuke AFB kuArizona gore rinouya. Vatyairi veDanish vachadzidziswa ne308th Fighter Squadron "Emerald Knights" ye56th Fighter Wing yeUS Air Force. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa, kuendesa ndege yeF-35A kuchagara kusvika 2026. Yekutanga Operational Readiness (IOC) inofanirwa kuwanikwa muna 2025 uye Full Operational Readiness (FOC) muna 2027.

Kambani yeDanish Terma yanga ichigadzira zvimiro uye midziyo yezvese matatu magadzirirwo eF-35 kwemakore mazhinji, kusanganisira. pasi pemhepo-kusvika-pasi zvombo pylons, GAU-22 / A cannon ventral mudziyo weF-35B uye F-35C shanduro, inoumbwa inotungamira mipendero yemuswe wakatwasuka, mapaneru anoumbwa anofukidza chikamu chepakati chefuselage uye yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka muswe, AN radar zvikamu / APG-81 uye AN/AAQ-37 (Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System, EO DAS) yambiro masisitimu. Iyo Multicut kambani inogadzira duralumin mabhureki uye zvibatiso zvekumisikidza uye zvigadziriso zveairframe uye F135 injini. Danish Avionics Test Center (ATCD; mubatanidzwa pakati peTermy neScandinavia Avionics) ichachengetedza, kugadzirisa uye kusimudzira zvikamu zveavionics zveDanish F-35A.

Netherlands

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 16 nerechi 16, panguva yekuitwa kwechirongwa chekusimudzira varwi veF-35A / B kusvika kuF-5AM / BM standard, maDutch akatanga kufunga nezve mukana wekutora vatevedzeri vavo. Ndege yeF-2002 yaionekwa seyakanyanya kuvimbisa, saka musi waChikumi 15, 2006, Netherlands yakabatana nechikamu cheSDD chechirongwa cheJSF, uye muna Mbudzi 30, 2008, vakasaina chibvumirano chekutora chikamu muchikamu chePSFD. Musi wa2 Chivabvu 2009, Paramende yeDutch yakabvuma kupa mari yekutora chikamu kweRoyal Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KLu; Royal Netherlands Air Force, RNLAF) mukutanga Operational Testing (IOT&E). Nezvavanoda, pana June 35, 01, yekutanga F-001A (AN-19; RNLAF F-2010) yakatengwa, uye musi waNovember 02, 002, yechipiri (AN-3 / F-4). Ndege yakabudiswa sechikamu cheLRIP (Low-Rate Initial Production) series 1 uye 2012. Ikopi yekutanga yakabudiswa musi waApril 2, 2013, yechipiri musi waMarch 6, 2012. Vakaedzwa musi waAugust 27, 2013 uye Chikumi 25, 12, zvichiteerana. yakatengwa neRNLAF muna Chikunguru 2013 naGunyana 35, XNUMX uye yakava yekutanga F-XNUMXAs yakaunzwa kumushandisi wekunze.