FAdeA - Argentine Aircraft Factory

Pampa III ndiyo yazvino vhezheni yekuvandudza yeIA63 Pampa yekudzidzira ndege, yakavakwa mukutanga 80s mukubatana naDornier. Iyo digital avionics yekambani yeIsrael Elbit Systems uye yakagadziridzwa Honeywell TFE731-40-2N ​​​​injini dzakashandiswa.

Fábrica Argentina de Aviones' Brig. San Martín ”SA (FAdeA) iripo pasi pezita iri kubva muna Zvita 2009, kureva makore gumi chete. Tsika dzayo dzakadzokera kuFábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA), yakavambwa muna 10 - fekitori yekare yendege muSouth America. Iyo kambani yeArgentina haina kumbobvira yave yeboka revagadziri vendege huru munyika, uye kunyangwe muyadhi yayo yekuSouth America, yakakundwa neBrazil Embraer. Nhoroondo yaro nezvakabudirira hazvizivikanwe zvakanyanya, saka zvakafanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya.

FAdeA ikambani yakabatana yemasheya (sociedad anónima) inopihwa nehomwe yenyika - 99% yemasheya ndeye Argentine Ministry of Defense (Ministerio de Defensa), uye 1% ndeyeMain Board of Military Production (Dirección General de. Fabricaciones Militares, DGFM) ari pasi peshumiro iyi. Mutungamiriri uye CEO ndiAntonio José Beltramone, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri uye mukuru anoshanda ndiJosé Alejandro Solís, uye CEO ndiFernando Jorge Sibilla. Iwo mahofisi makuru uye chigadzirwa chekugadzira chiri muCórdoba. Parizvino, FAdeA iri kuita dhizaini nekugadzirwa kwendege dzemauto nedzevanhu, zvinhu zvekuvaka ndege kune mamwe makambani, parachuti, maturusi epasi uye midziyo yekugadzirisa ndege, pamwe nekushandira, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa uye kuvandudza maairframes, injini, avionics uye. midziyo yevatengi vemumba nevekunze.

Muna 2018, FAdeA yakawana mari kubva mukutengesa kwezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi e1,513 bhiriyoni pesos (kuwedzera kwe86,2% zvichienzaniswa ne2017), asi nekuda kwekudhura kwayo, yakanyora kurasikirwa kwekushandisa kwe590,2 miriyoni pesos. Nekuda kwemari kubva kune mamwe masosi, gross profit (musati mutero) yaive 449,5 miriyoni pesos (muna 2017 yaive kurasikirwa kwe182,2 miriyoni), uye mambure purofiti yaive 380 miriyoni pesos (kurasikirwa kwe2017 miriyoni mu172,6).

Ae.M.Oe yekutarisa ndege. 2. Pakazosvika 1937, 61 Ae.MO1, Ae.M.Oe.1 neAe.M.Oe.2 zvakavakwa. Vazhinji vavo vakashanda muArgentine Air Force kusvika 1946.

Kuvakwa kwemiti

Muvambi wekuvakwa kwefekitari yeinjini nendege muArgentina, uye gare gare murongi wayo uye mutungamiriri wekutanga, aive Francisco María de Arteaga. Mushure mekusiya mauto munaKurume 1916, de Arteaga akaenda kuFrance uye pakati pe1918 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuParisian Higher School of Aviation and Mechanical Engineering (École Supérieure d'Aéronautique et de Constructions Mécaniques), achiva wekutanga muArgentina ane certified aeronautical engineer. Kwemakore akati wandei, de Arteaga akashanda kuFrance, achiwana ruzivo runoshanda muzvirimwa zvendege zvemuno uye muEiffel Aerodynamic Laboratory (Laboratoire Aérodynamique Eiffel). Musi waZvita 14, 1922, mavhiki mashoma adzokera kuArgentina, de Arteaga akagadzwa kuve mukuru weDhipatimendi reTechnical (Departamento Técnico) yeMilitary Aviation Service (Servicio Aeronáutico del Ejército, SAE), yakavambwa muna Kukadzi 3, 1920. chimiro cheArgentine Army (Ejército Argentino). Muna 1923, de Arteaga akatanga kudzidzisa paChikoro Chepamusoro Chemauto (Colegio Militar) uye Chikoro Chemauto Aviation (Escuela Militar de Aviación, EMA).

Muna 1924, de Arteaga akava nhengo yeAir Equipment and Armaments Purchase Commission (Comisión de Adquisición de Material de Vuelo y Armamentos), akatumirwa kuEurope kunotenga ndege dzeLand Forces. Yakanga iri panguva iyi yaakaronga kusikwa kwefekitari muArgentina, nekuda kwekuti SAE yaigona kuzvimiririra kubva kune kunze kwenyika ndege nemainjini uye kushandisa mari shoma zvakanyanya. Fekitori yega yaizopawo simba rekusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Pfungwa yaDe Arteaga yakatsigirwa neMutungamiriri weArgentina, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, uye Gurukota reHondo, Col. Eng. Agustín Pedro Justo.

Pachikumbiro chaDe Arteagi, chikamu chemari chakashandiswa pakutenga michina, zvinhu nemarezinesi anodiwa kutanga kugadzirwa kwendege nemainjini munyika. MuGreat Britain, marezinesi akatengwa pakugadzirwa kwendege dzeAvro 504R dzekudzidzira uye ndege dzeBristol F.2B Fighter fighter, uye muFrance pakugadzirwa kweDewoitine D.21 fighter jets uye 12hp Lorraine-Dietrich 450-cylinder injini. Sezvo zvaisaita kutanga kugadzirwa kwemichina yakawanda yakanyatsojeka muArgentina nekuda kwekushaya simba kwesimbi uye indasitiri yemuchina, huwandu hwakakosha hwezvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa uye zvikamu zvakatengwa muEurope.

Chirongwa chekuvaka uye kuronga fekitari, yakatanga kunzi State Aircraft Factory (Fábrica Nacional de Aviones), yakaendeswa kune zviremera zveArgentina muna Kubvumbi 1926. Pana June 8, hurumende yakagadza komisheni chaiyo yekushandisa mari, iyo de Arteaga akava nhengo. Dhizaini yedanho rekutanga rekuvaka yakabvumidzwa muna Gumiguru 4. Pakuvamba sa1925, Inspector General del Ejército, General José Félix Uriburu, akakarakadza kuti fekitari yacho ive muCórdoba, pakati penyika (anenge makiromita 700 kubva kuBuenos Aires), kure nemiganhu yenyika dzakavakidzana, nokuda kwegadziriro. zvikonzero.

Nzvimbo yakakodzera yakawanikwa inosvika makiromita mashanu kubva pakati peguta munzira inoenda kuSan Roque, yakatarisana neairport yenzvimbo yeaeroclub (Aero Club Las Playas de Córdoba). Kugadzwa kwomuitiro kwedombo renheyo kwakaitika pana November 5, 10, uye pana January 1926, 2, mabasa okuvaka akatanga. Basa rokuronga fekitari rakapiwa de Arteaga.

Musi waChikunguru 18, 1927, zita refekitari rakachinjirwa kuWojskowa Fabryka Samolotów (Fábrica Militar de Aviones, FMA). Kuvhurwa kwayo kwemhemberero kwakaitika muna Gumiguru 10 pamberi pevakuru vakuru vakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, fekitari yaisanganisira zvivakwa zvisere ine nharaunda ye8340 m2, iyo paki yemuchina yaive nematurusi zana emuchina, uye vashandi vaisanganisira vanhu 100. De Arteaga akava maneja mukuru weFMA.

MunaFebruary 1928, chikamu chechipiri chekudyara chakatangwa. matatu marabhoritari (injini, endurance uye aerodynamics), dhizaini hofisi, masangano mana, matura maviri, canteen uye zvimwe zvivako. Gare gare, mushure mekupedzwa kwechikamu chechitatu, FMA yaive nemadhipatimendi makuru matatu: yekutanga yaive manejimendi, manejimendi ekugadzira, dhizaini hofisi, matura ezvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi, marabhoritari uye manejimendi; yechipiri - ndege uye propeller workshops, uye chechitatu - injini kugadzirwa workshops.

Zvichakadaro, muna Chivabvu 4, 1927, zviremera zveArgentina zvakagadzira General Aviation Authority (Dirección General de Aeronáutica, DGA) kuronga, kutonga nekutarisa mabasa ese endege munyika. Sechikamu cheDGA, iyo Aviation Technology Management Board (Dirección de Aerotécnica) yakavambwa, ine basa rekutsvaga, kugadzira, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa ndege. De Arteaga akave mukuru weAviation Technology Management Board, akashandisa tarisiro yakananga pamusoro peFMA. Nekuda kwekugona kwake kukuru, akakwanisa kutungamira fekitori munguva yakaoma kwazvo yedambudziko rehupfumi hwenyika, iro rakakanganisawo Argentina. Nekuda kwekupindira kwakanyanya kwezviremera zvitsva zvehurumende mukushanda kwefekitari, muna Kukadzi 11, 1931, de Arteaga akasiya chigaro chemukuru weFMA. Akatsiviwa neainjiniya wendege Cpt. Bartolomé de la Colina, uyo akatungamirira fekitari kusvikira munaSeptember 1936.

Kutanga kwekugadzira - FMA

FMA yakatanga nekugadzirwa kwerezinesi reAvro 504R Gosport kudzidzisa ndege. Yekutanga yemakopi 34 akavakwa akasiya chivako chewekishopu muna Chikunguru 18, 1928. Kubhururuka kwayo kwakaitwa nemutyairi wemauto Sgt. Segundo A. Yubel musi wa20 Nyamavhuvhu. Musi waKukadzi 14, 1929, injini yekutanga ine rezinesi Lorraine-Dietrich yakaiswa mukushanda pane dynamometer. Injini dzerudzi urwu dzakashandiswa kufambisa varwi veDewoitine D.21. Kugadzirwa kwezvikepe izvi kwakange kwakaoma zvikuru kumugadziri wechidiki kupfuura Avro 504R, sezvo D.21 yakanga ine chivakwa chesimbi chine chifukidziro chemapapiro uye muswe. Ndege yekutanga yakabhururuka muna Gumiguru 15, 1930. Mukati memakore maviri, 32 D.21 yakavakwa. Pakati pa1930 na1931, varwi veBristol F.2B vatanhatu vakagadzirwawo, asi ndege idzi dzakanzi hadzichashandi uye kuvakwa kwemimwe michina kwakasiiwa.

Yekutanga Ae.C.1, yakasununguka yakadzika-bapiro yakaderera-bapiro ndege ine yakavharwa yevatatu-kabhini uye yakagadzika maviri-mavhiri pasi pengoro ine muswe skid, yaive ndege yekutanga yakazvimirira kuvakwa neFMA pachinzvimbo cheDGA. . Iyo fuselage nemuswe yaive nelattice chimiro chakagadzirwa nemapaipi esimbi akasungwa, mapapiro acho akagadzirwa nematanda, uye ese akafukidzwa necanvas uye chikamu chesimbi simbi (dzimwe ndege dzakavakwa paFMA zvakare dzaive nechimiro chakafanana). Ndege yakabhururuka muna Gumiguru 28, 1931 naSgt. José Honorio Rodríguez. Gare gare, Ae.C.1 yakavakwa patsva kuita shanduro yakavhurika-kabhu ine zvigaro zviviri uye injini yakawana shell yeNACA pachinzvimbo chemhete yeTownend. Muna 1933, ndege iyi yakavakwazve kechipiri, panguva ino iine munhu mumwe chete ine tangi yemafuta mufuselage.

Musi waApril 18, 1932, Sgt. Rodríguez akabhururutsa ndege yekutanga pambiri mbiri dzeAe.C.2 dzakavakwa, dzinenge dzakada kufanana nechimiro nekukura kweAe.C.1 mugadziriro ine zvigaro zviviri. Pahwaro hweAe.C.2, ndege yekudzidzira zvechiuto Ae.ME1 yakagadzirwa, iyo prototype yakabhururuka muna Gumiguru 9, 1932. Yakanga iri yekutanga-yakagadzirwa ndege yemhando yePolish - mienzaniso minomwe yakavakwa pamwe chete. pamwe neiyo prototype. Ndege yaitevera yaive yakareruka yaifamba Ae.T.1. Yekutanga yemakopi matatu akavakwa yakafambiswa nendege musi waApril 15, 1933 naSgt. Rodríguez. Pamusoro pevatyairi vendege vakagara padivi nepadivi mukabhini yakavhurika, iyo Ae.T.1 yaigona kutora vafambi vashanu mukamuri yakavharwa uye mutyairi weredhiyo.

Ndege yekutarisa yeAe.MO1, yakavakirwa pachikoro cheAe.ME1, yakave budiriro huru. Muenzaniso wayo wakabhururuka muna Ndira 25, 1934. Pandege yemauto, makopi 41 akagadzirwa muzvikamu zviviri. Mimwe michina mitanhatu, inosiyana zvishoma neine mapapiro madiki, kugadziridzwa kwakasiyana kwekabhini yekumashure, chimiro chemuswe uye chivharo chejini yeNACA, zvakagadzirirwa iyo. kudzidziswa kwevacherechedzi. Nenguva isipi ndege dzaishandiswa kuita mabasa akadaro dzakatumidzwa zita rekuti Ae.M.Oe.1. Mumakopi gumi nemana anotevera, akanyorwa seAe.M.Oe.14, muswe nehwindo remhepo pamberi pekabhini yemutyairi zvakagadziridzwa. Yekutanga yakabhururuka muna Chikumi 2, 7. Chikamu cheAe.M.Oe.1934 chakavakwazve kuAe.MO2. Pakazosvika 1, 1937 Ae.MO61, Ae.M.Oe.1 neAe.M.Oe.1 zvakavakwa zvakazara. Vazhinji vavo vakashanda muArgentine Air Force kusvika 2.

Ndege yakatevera yevagari vemo yakavakwa neFMA yaive Ae.C.3 inogara vanhu vaviri ndege yevashanyi, yakaumbwa paAe.C.2. Kubhururuka kweiyo prototype kwakaitika musi waKurume 27, 1934. Nenguva isipi zvakazoitika kuti Ae.C.3 yakanga ine zvimiro zvendege zvisina kunaka uye kusafamba zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti isakodzere vatyairi vendege vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Kunyange zvazvo makopi 16 akavakwa, mashomanene bedzi aifamba nendege mumakirabhu anobhururuka, uye mana akashandiswa mundege dzehondo kutozosvikira muna 1938.

Musi waChikumi 9, 1935, mufananidzo weAe.MB1 light bomber wakabhururuka. Kusvika muchirimo cha1936, gumi nemana makopi, anonzi "Bombi" nevatyairi vendege, akagadzirwa, akasiyana, pakati pevamwe, ine kabhini yemutyairi akafukidzwa, canvas inovhara yakawanda yefuselage, yakawedzera muswe wakatwasuka uye hemispherical inotenderera yekupfura turret pamusana wefuselage, pamwe neiyo Wright R-14-E1820 injini, inogadzirwa neFMA pasi perezinesi. Mumakore a1–1938, ese maAe.MB1939 (makopi gumi nemaviri) aive mubasa akakwidziridzwa kuita shanduro yeAe.MB1. Makopi ekupedzisira akabviswa pabasa muna 12.

Musi wa21 Mbudzi 1935, ndege yekurapa yeAe.MS1 yakaedzwa, ine mapapiro, muswe uye giya rekumhara rakagadzirwa neAe.M.Oe.1. Ndege iyi yaigona kutakura vanhu vatanhatu - mutyairi wendege, a paramedic uye vana vanorwara kana vakakuvara pamubhedha. Iyo chete yakavakwa Ae.MS1 yakashandiswa mundege yemauto kusvika 1946. Zvakare muna Mbudzi 1935, yekutanga muSouth America Eiffel mugero wemhepo ine dhayamita 1,5 m yakapera.

Musi waNdira 21, 1936, Lt. Pablo G. Passio akabhururuka mufananidzo weAe.C.3G inogara vanhu vaviri ine chivakwa chakafanana neAe.C.3. Yakanga iri ndege yekutanga yeArgentina kuve nemidziyo yekumhara. Inogona kushandiswa kune zvese kudzidziswa uye nendege dzevashanyi. Iyo airframe yakanyatso gadziridzwa aerodynamically kuti iwedzere kuita uye kunatsiridza kuita kwendege. Matatu eAe.C.3G akavaka makopi akashandiswa mundege yemauto kusvika 1942. Kuvandudzwa kweAe.C.3G yaive Ae.C.4, yakafambiswa nendege naLieutenant Passio musi wa17 Gumiguru, 1936.