Ferrari 512 BB vs. Lamborghini Miura P 400 SV: kumashure pakati - Sportscars

Mumwe munhu anogona kuunyana mhino pavanoona maviri emitambo mota pamwe chete izvo chaizvo zvaimiririra makumi maviri emakore akasiyana eakanakisa emitambo indasitiri yemitambo yeItaly, makumi matanhatu ezana ramakore rapfuura. Miura nemakumi manomwe BB... Asi, tichitarisa iwo maratidziro enhau mbiri idzi, dzisingapindike, asi dzichipindana, tinonzwisisa kuti kuchenjera kwakadii kuzvibatanidza pane zvingaratidzika pakutanga kuona.

Kutanga, mhuka mbiri dziri mubasa redu ndiyo inonyanya kushanduka yemhando dzavo (ini handina kufunga nezve512 BBi kana ichienzaniswa ne12-barrel Sant'Agata carburetors), asi pamusoro pezvose, gore iro "Miura". zvakasiyana” zvakamira kugadzira The BB (kwete iyo 512, asi 365 GT4, kana yekutanga nhevedzano yeiyo inoshamisa Berlinetta Ferrari) yakatanga rwendo rwayo mumusika wemitambo, ichikonzera mheremhere pakati pevateveri, sezvakaita Miura. zvakaitwa makore manomwe apfuura.

Asi zvakarongeka. Pa1965 Turin Motor Show pachiteshi Lamborghini Chassis inehunyanzvi ine PT 400 tsamba (kureva iyo 4-litre transverse kumashure) ine furemu yesimbi nesimbi simbi uye maburi emwenje akasiyana siyana, akafanana pakutanga kuona kune ayo anoshandiswa mumumhanyisa mota, yakashanda zvakanaka. Iri gadzira basa rehunyanzvi (rava nevaviri vekuAmerican vateresi Joe Saki naGary Bobileff) rakagadzirwa nainjiniya Gian Paolo Dallara (iye mugadziri weVeyron chassis nhasi) kuti agone 12-litre 3.9-cylinder injini (3.929 cc, 350 hp @ 7.000 rpm) mune imwe nzvimbo yepakati nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa neumwe asiri injinjini. Giotto Bizzarrini.

Uku kutaridzika kwenguva pfupi, kwakakonzera furore pakati pevanofarira mota dzemitambo, vaitarisira shanduko yakajeka yekuti mota ine chassis yakadaro (zvedi iyo Miura) yaizounza kumwe kupokana kumitambo yemotokari yenyika. Yekutanga Miura, iyo P400, yakavhurwa ku1966 Geneva Motor Show uye yakaratidza manzwiro uye budiriro yekasisi yainge yakapfeka. Akaita kuti vese vatori vechikamu vakwegure mukubwaira kweziso nemitsara yake yeramangwana (yenguva idzodzo), yakagadziriswa uye yakarara pasi, yakagadzirirwa nejaya. Marcello Gandini, ine mhinduro yakanyanyisa - mahombe maviri makuru anovhurika sebhuku, achibvisa zvakavanzika zvemagetsi zvemotokari uye achisiya chimiro chemukati chiri pakati anenge asina kupfeka. Iyo revolutionary mechanical approach yatakataura nezvayo yakabatsirawo kuigadzira Martian.

Kutaura nezve makanika, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kuitira kuchengetedza boka rese injini mukati memaviri maekisero (mune iyi nyaya idiki ekisero yekumashure) Bizzarrini (uyo ainyanya kuda kurongedzwa kweinjini zvekuti akaigamuchirawo kune enjini dzekumberi, mbiri pane inozivikanwa Ferrari 250 GTO uye pa "yake" Bizzarrini 5300 GT Strada) Speed Miura P400 pazasi peiyi cylinder block. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemakopi matatu ekutanga emota, mainjiniya Dallara (akabatsira muMiura chirongwa eng. Paolo Stanzani uye New Zealand bvunzo mutyairi Bob wallace) ndakaona kuti kutenderera kweinjini (kana uchitarisa mota kubva kuruboshwe) haitenderi injini kuti ifambe zvakanaka. Iwo mafambiro ekutenderera akazochinjiswa kune yakajairwa simba kuendesa. Sarudzo yemagadzirirwo ekuisa dura pakati pekabati neyemberi hood, iyo yakatanga yaonekwa sezai raColumbus rekuwedzera kugoverwa kwehuremu, yakanyatso kuumba mamwe matambudziko eMiura ekutanga akateedzana (zvikamu 475 zvakagadzirwa kubva muna 1966 kusvika 1969), sekudururwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwemheni mhuno yetangi, iyo yakatanga "kuyangarara" nekumhanya kwakanyanya, nekuda kwekuti mavhiri epamberi akarasikirwa nekubata kwakaringana uye kugadzikana kwekutungamira.

Le kuita Iyo yepamusoro Miura (yepamusoro spidhi 280 km / h) yakaita kuti dambudziko iri rive pachena, zvichipiwa kuti varidzi vemugwagwa unomhanyisa pasi rose panguva iyoyo vaive vasina kugumira pakuushandisa pakufamba. Panyaya iyi, kumwe kutadza kwekutanga P400 Miura yakateerana yaive braking (iyo yandakakwanisa kuzvionera ndega, zvakanyanya kutya kwangu, panguva yerwendo kubva kuMilan kuenda kuSant'Agata): iyo system yakaiswa pane yekutanga vhezheni haina kubvumira izere simba rechikara ichi kuti rishandiswe uye nekuita kumanikidzwa pama pedals aive mashoma uye akanonoka. Aya matambudziko ekutanga evechidiki akagadziriswa zvishoma muchikamu chechipiri cheMiura, iyo 400 P 1969 S, nekuda kwekugamuchirwa matai yakafara uye ichigadzirira iyo brake system ine nyowani dhisiki yakazvimiririra mweya ine dhayamita hombe. Ikoko simba injini, nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri nyore kweiyo compression ratio (iyo yakawedzera kubva pa9,5: 1 kusvika 10,4: 1), yakawedzera kubva pa350 kusvika 370 hp, zvakare pa7.000 rpm, uye kumhanya kwakawedzera kusvika paakanaka 287 km / h. carburetors Iyo Weber 40 IDA makumi matatu muviri mutumbi, unokwikwidza, wakashandurwa nekidiki peturu tangi isina kupiswa kukunda zvikanganiso zvakawanikwa mune yekutanga nhevedzano.

Iyo P 400 S yakaramba ichigadzirwa (zvikamu zana nemakumi mana nenomwe), kunyangwe pakavhurwa vhezheni yekupedzisira yeMiura muna140, yakakwana uye yakakwana (uye nanhasi zvakare yakanyanya kutaurwa uye kutsvakwa): P 400 SV... Hasha idzi dzakazopera tsiye kutenderedza marambi emagetsi (kunze kwezviitiko zvisingawanzoitika apo mutengi achiri kuda ma grilles anokanganisa, sezvakaitika nemhando yedu yebasa, yakagadzirwa naFerruccio Lamborghini pachake), mapapiro Iyo yekumashure yakawedzeredzwa kuti igone kutsva matai 235/15/60 matai, ayo anoipa kunyange zviyo zvinonakidza zvezviyo, uye injini inokwanisa 385bhp. pa 7.850 rpm, izvo zvakabvumira SV kufamba nenzira inoshamisa kumhanya 295 km / h (uye tiri kutaura 1971).

Zvino, mushure mebasa repamusoro rakatora makore angasvika manomwe (mune vakawanda vane mukurumbira saClaudio Villa, Little Tony, Bobby Solo, Gino Paoli, Elton John naDean Martin, pamwe nemadzimambo akaita saMambo Hussein weJorodhani kana Mohammad Reza Pahlavi vakaishandisa semota yavo yega), iyo shanduko Miura yakasiya chiitiko pakupera kwe72 (yekupedzisira yemamodeli e150 P 400 SV, chassis nhamba 5018, yakatengeswa muchirimo cha73), murwi wayo akakodzera. Ferrari 365 GT4 BB, yakapinda mukugadzirwa.

Ipapo yaive nguva yekuchinja kwakanyanya munzira yemuchina yeMaranello: mushure mekutanga kwekutya kwekuyedza ne sepombi gumi nembiri Kubva ku250 LM, yakaramba iri mota yemitambo yakashandisirwa mugwagwa, pa365 GT / 4 BB, Ferrari akafambisa injini zvakare, panguva ino nekufamba kwakanyanya "kwakakosha" (4.390,35 cc) kupfuura izvozvo. Le Mans uye yapfuura 6-humburumbira Dino 206 GT, kuseri kwemutyairi, kusimudzira kugoverwa kwekurema uye nekudaro kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza nzira. Nekudaro, iyo 365 GT4 BB yaive yekutanga 12-humburumbira mugwagwa Ferrari kuve neinjini kuseri kwemutyairi.

Yaive budiriro huru yakaunzwa neiyo nyowani Berlinette Boxer naMaranello, mota inodakadza ine mitsara yakapinza uye yakapinza, yakaderera uye ine hukasha, sekunge raive banga rakaderera. Asi nhau hadzina kumira ipapo: iyo 365 GT4 BB yainyanya kuvewo wekutanga mugwagwa-kuenda Ferrari neinjiniya yetsiva. Muchokwadi, ino shanduko 12-humburumbira injini yanga isiri injini yebhokisi, asi yainge V-yakaumbwa (kana boxer) 180-degree injini, sezvo tsvimbo dzekubatanidza dzainge dzakaiswa vaviri vaviri pane imwechete shaft rutsigiro, kwete pane zvakasiyana zvitsigiro zve tsvimbo imwe neimwe yekubatanidza. (sezvinodiwa nechirongwa chetsiva). Iyi injini inovandudza inokwereta yakananga kubva kuFerrari's Fomula 3 ruzivo neinjini ye1969 litre yakagadzirwa naMauro Forghieri muna 1964 (mushure meFerrari, iyo 512 F1 yatorova nzira muXNUMX ine masirinda anopikisa). zvakare yakabvumidzwa kudzikira zvakanyanya baricentr kubuda mumota.

Pakutanga kwayo kwekutanga kuruzhinji muna 1971 Turin Motor Show, iyo berlinetta nyowani yakauya sekuvhundutsa kune pamwechete fungidziro yevanofarira veFerrari uye yaive yakashongedzerwa kukunda mibairo yakanyanya yekushamisira kubva kune vatengi munguva pfupi iyo yakanga yatoyedza miganho yepamusoro ye Daytona yapfuura. Iyo mota nyowani, zvisinei, haina kuenda mukugadzirwa kusvika kutanga kwa1973. Simba re "flat gumi nembiri" Berlinetta Boxer, zvakadaro, yakabhadharisa kunonoka uku: kubva pa4,4 litres yekufambisa, mainjiniya eFerrari akakwanisa "kusvina" ingangoita mazana mana emabhiza (400 hp pa380 rpm). Nekudaro, iyo 7.700 GT / 365 BB yanga ichigadzirira kusangana nemhando yepamusoro yekuita kwevateveri veFerrari vatsigiri. Izvo zvinonzi pamwe neazvino shanduko yeiyi supercar kubva Maranello, Gilles Villeneuve anga ajaira kufamba "zvakadzikama" kubva kumba kwake kuMontecarlo kuenda kuMaranello, achisarudza 512 BB kuherikoputa yake, sekutaura kwake kuti nguva yekufamba yaive yakafanana.

Asi ngano parutivi, BB ndiyo imwe yeanodikanwa Ferraris yanhasi: hasha dzayo, idzo chete vane ruzivo rwakawanda dzinogona kubata, dzakaita chinhu chinosemesa uye chinoyemurika icho chinogona kukonzera kushushikana negodo pakati pevazhinji vanofarira mota. Mitsetse yaro inovhiringidza, pamusoro peiyo hood yepamberi uye girazi remhepo rinotenderedzwa nekushatirwa, sekunge kuri kuedza kuvanda kubva mumhepo. mwenje inodzoreka kuitira kuti usakanganisa iyo yakakodzera nguva yemasikati aerodynamics, muswe wakadimburwa nekupfupikiswa kushoma zvichienzaniswa neasi rekumashure (kusiyana nekwamberi), vakagadzira iyo Berlinetta Boxer chimwe chinhu chechipenga uye vakaita kuti moyo yeavo vakazviona muchionioni chekumashure pakumhanya kwenyeredzi kumhanya. Iyo 365 GT / 4 BB yakasvika pakumhanya kwet stratospheric yenguva idzodzo: 295 km / h, ichityaira kiromita imwe kubva pakamira mumasekonzi 25,2 chete.

Iine wheelbase yakati rebei kupfuura Daytona yapfuura (2.500 mm pachinzvimbo che2.400 mm) uye zvirinani kugovera huremu kunovimbiswa neiyo nyowani chassis kumisikidzwa, iine injini iri padhuze nepakati, iyi berlinetta yaive nemigwagwa yakasarudzika yaibvumidza kuti ibate zvakanaka munzira. hunhu hwechokwadi, hunofungidzirwa nevatyairi vendege vane ruzivo, asi nemipimo yakanyanya kuomera kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakwanise.

Muna 1976, injini nyowani ine vhoriyamu ingangoita 5.000 cc. Cm (4.942,84 cc) yakaiswa paBB uye zita rayo rakava 512 BB. Iyi vhezheni nyowani yeBerlinetta kubva kuMaranello (mota yedu yebasa) yakawedzera nzira uye yakagadzira matai mahombe, ichibatsira yakatove yakakosha mugwagwa wakabata... Kubva pane yekuona nzvimbo, iyo livery yawana ruviri ruvara (dema rwezasi chikamu chemuviri), imwe muparadzi pasi pe grille yekuvandudza kugadzikana kwemhino uye kudya kwemhepo Mbiri yeNaca pazasi pechidziro cheparutivi kuseri kwemikova, pamwe nemwenje miviri mitsva mikuru yakatenderera iyo inotsiva matatu apfuura.

Zvisinei, kunyangwe hinjini hombe ikasimuka, simba uye mashandiro eberlinetta nyowani zvadzikira zvishoma. Nesimba re360 hp pa7.500 rpm, iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya yakadonhera ku "chete" 283 km / h, kune kunoratidzika kusuwa kwevanonyanya kufarira vateveri veFerrari. Nekudaro, iyo nyowani BB vhezheni, iyo yaive yakachinjika uye inokwanisa kugadziriswa, yakaita kuti iwanikwe kune vateereri iyo yaive isisiri chete "Fomula XNUMX driver".

Mune yayo yazvino vhezheni, mairi maakaisirwajekiseni remagetsi Indirect Bosch K-Jetronic pachinzvimbo chebhatiri remabhiza mana makuru Weber carburettors, iyo 512 BBi (yakaunzwa muna 1981) yakanga iine mamwe magetsi maviri epamberi kumberi grille, uye kadiki "i" kakadongorera kwakatarisana neiyo chrome kumashure. nameplate ine modhi kudomwa.

Iyi yakanakisa Ferrari berlinette genie inogona kunzi "amai" yenguva yekushanduka-shanduka munhoroondo yemotokari dzemugwagwa weMaranello, zvese maererano nekufambisa injini kuseri kwemutyairi uye maererano nekushandura V-chimiro chekugadzirisa. masilinda (haana kumbogadzirwazve, zvisinei, mushure meiyo Ferrari ine simba yabuda mukugadzirwa). Zvechokwadi yaive imwe yeFerraris yakavimbisa manzwiro ayo vashoma chete vaigona. Kuona 512 BB nhasi, pamwe chete neLamborghini inodiwa kwazvo munhoroondo yeSant'Agata, iropafadzo yandakwanisa kutenga kuburikidza nebasa rangu semutori wemifananidzo uye mutori wenhau.

Hapana kupokana kuti Miura kunyangwe nhasi imota isina kujairika, nepo kunyangwe kuoma kwayo kwakasarudzika uye kupinza kwemitsara, iyo 512 BB inotora yakawedzera kirasi uye yakanatswa nzira. Iyo Miura ine runako rwemotokari yemujaho, uye iwe unogona zvakare kutaura kuti neinosvika masendimita gumi inoiparadzanisa mukukwirira kubva kune "inogadzika" BB. Asi kana vakandibvunza kuti ndisarudze chimwe chazvo, handaikwanisa kusarudza uye ndaizopindura seizvi: “Aya mabasa maviri ounyanzvi, akasiyana maererano nemagadzirirwo nemakanika emitambo. mota, ndingadzitora dziri mbiri here? “