François Philidor - musiki wezvakakosha zvekutamba kwenzvimbo

Muchikamu che6 / 2016 chemagazini yeMolodezhnaya Tekhnika, ndakanyora pamusoro pemutambo we chess wakanakisisa wehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechiXNUMX, Calabrian Gioacchino Greco, nyanzvi yemutambo we-gambit-musanganiswa wakazadzwa nekufungidzira. Ichi chimiro, chinodaidzwa kuti chikoro cheItaly, chakatongawo pakutanga kwezana rinotevera, kudzamara shasha yeFrance François-André Danican Philidor aonekwa munyika yechess.

1. Francois-André Danican Philidor (1726-1795) - musayendisiti wechiFrench uye munyori.

Chiyero chaPhilidor chaive chakakwirira kudarika chevezera rake vese zvekuti kubva pazera re21 aingotamba nevaipikisa pamaforamu.

François Philidor (1) aive mutambi mukuru wechess we2nd century. Nebhuku rake "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Kuongorora kwemutambo wechess"), iyo yakapfuura neanopfuura zana editions (XNUMX), akashandura kunzwisisa kwechess.

Pfungwa yake ine mukurumbira, ichisimbisa kukosha kwekufamba kwakaringana kwezvidimbu pamatanho ese emutambo, iri mushoko rekuti "zvidimbu mweya wemutambo." Philidor akaunza pfungwa dzakadai sekuvhara uye kuzvipira kwechinzvimbo.

Bhuku rake rakabudiswa kanopfuura kane zana, kusanganisira ina mugore rekutanga kubudiswa. MuParis, aive muenzi wenguva dzose kuCafé de la Régence, kwaisangana vatambi vakanyanya chess - vaaigara navo pachessboard vaive Voltaire naJan Jakub Rousseau. Akaratidza kakawanda hunyanzvi hwake mukutamba akavhara kumeso, panguva imwe chete nevatatu vanopikisa (3). Kunyangwe munguva yehupenyu hwake akakosheswa semuimbi uye muimbi; akasiya makumi matatu emitambo! Muchirevo chekuzarura, chiyeuchidzo chePhilidor chakachengetedzwa muzita reimwe yekuzarura - Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6.

2. François Philidor, L'analyse des Echecs (Ongororo yemutambo wechess)

3. Philidor anotamba bofu panguva imwe chete paParsloe Chess Club yakakurumbira muLondon.

Kudzivirirwa kweFilidor

Yakatozivikanwa muzana remakore rekutanga uye yakakurumbira naPhilidor. Inotanga nekufamba 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 (4 diagram).

Philidor akakurudzira 2…d6 pachinzvimbo che2…Nc6, achiti ipapo knight yaisazokanganisa kufamba kwec-pawn. Muchena kazhinji anotamba 3.d4 mukudzivirira uku, uye iye zvino Mutema anowanzo enderana ne3… e: d4 , 3… Nf6 na 3… Nd7. Filipdor aiwanzotamba 3 ... f5 (Philidor's counter-gambit), asi dzidziso yemazuva ano haisi kuisa iyi yekupedzisira kufamba pakati pezvakanakisisa. Iyo Philidor Dziviriro ndeyekuvhurika kwakasimba, kunyangwe isiri yakanyanya kufarirwa mumitambo yemakwikwi uye neimwe nzira yakanyanyisa kuita.

4. Kudzivirirwa kweFilidor

opera bato

Kudzivirirwa kweFilidor Akazviratidza mune mumwe wemitambo ine mukurumbira munhoroondo yechess inonzi Opera Party (French: Partie de l'opéra). Yakaridzwa nemukurumbira weAmerican chess player Paul Morphy muna 1858, mubhokisi reOpera House muParis, panguva yekudyidzana kweBellini's "Norma" nevapikisi vaviri vakabvunzana mukufamba kwavo. Vapikisi ava vaive Duke weGerman weBrunswick Charles II uye French Count Isoire de Vauvenargues.

Vaverengi vanofarira hupenyu uye chess basa raPaul Morphy, imwe yehunyanzvi hwakanyanya munhoroondo yechess, vanotumirwa kumagazini 6/2014 weiyo Young Technician magazini.

5. Paul Morphy vs. Duke Charles weBrunswick uye Count Isoire de Vauvenargues, Paris, 1858

Uye heino kosi yemutambo uyu wakakurumbira: Paul Morphy vs. Muchinda Charles II weBrunswick uye Count Isoire de Vauvenargues, Paris, 1858 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Gg4 ?! (zviri nani 3…e:d4 kana 3…Nf6) 4.d:e5 G:f3 5.H:f3 d:e5 6.Bc4 Nf6? (zviri nani 3…Qf6 kana 3…Qd7) 7.Qb3! Q7 8.Cc3 (Morphy anosarudza kukurumidza kukura, kunyange zvazvo aigona kuwana b7-pawn, asi 8.G:f7 ine ngozi, sezvo Black inowana kurwisa kune ngozi kune rook) 8… c6 9.Bg5 b5? 10.c:b5! (bhishopi achadiwa kuti awedzere kurwiswa) 10…c:b5 (zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa, asi mushure megumi…Qb10+ White ine mukana mukuru) 4.G:b11+Nbd5 7-12.0-0 Rd0 (dhayagiramu 8). 5.b:d13! (mutsigiri anotevera anofa) 7…W:d13 7.Qd14 He1 6.B:d15+S:d7 7.Qb16+!! (chibayiro chamambokadzi chakanaka chekupedzisira) 8… R: b16 8.Rd17 # 8-1

6. Nzvimbo yaFiridhori pamagumo eshongwe

Chinzvimbo chaPhilidor pamagumo eshongwe

Chinzvimbo chaPhilidor (6) dhirowa yeBlack (kana White, zvichiteerana, kana vari ivo vanodzivirira). Dema inofanira kuisa mambo mumutsara wechidimbu chemuvengi, uye rook mumutsara wechitanhatu uye kumirira chidimbu chichena kuti chipinde mairi. Zvadaro rook inofamba ichienda kumutsara wepamberi uye inotarisa mambo chena kubva kumashure: 1. e6 Wh1 2. Qd6 Rd1 + - mambo muchena haakwanisi kuzvidzivirira kubva kune cheki chekusingaperi kana kurasikirwa kwechigamba.

7. Kudzidza kwePhilidor mumagumo akatwasuka

Dzidza Philidora

Muchinzvimbo kubva padhayagiramu 7, Muchena, kunyangwe uine maviri pawn zvishoma, yakaenzana nekutamba 1.Ke2! Kf6 2.Nf2 nezvimwe.

Hetman naMambo vachipikisana naRook naMambo

Kazhinji mumagumo akadaro, mambokadzi anokunda rook. Nekutamba kuri nani pamativi ese, kutanga kubva pakuipa chinzvimbo chamambokadzi, zvinotora makumi matatu nemwechete mafambiro kune iro rakasimba kuti ribate rook kana kutarisa mambo weanopikisa. Nekudaro, kana iro rakasimba risingazive kutamba mutambo uyu uye risingakwanisi kumanikidza rook namambo kuti vaparadzaniswe, ipapo iyo isina simba inokwanisa kuwana dhirowa mushure mekufamba makumi mashanu pasina kubatwa, kumanikidza mambokadzi kuti atsive. rook, kuwana cheki isingaperi kana kutungamirira kune kuoma. Hurongwa hwemutambo wedivi rakasimba rine matanho mana:

Hetman namambo vachipesana neRook namambo - chinzvimbo chaPhiridor

1. Sundai mambo kumucheto kwepuranga nekona yepuranga mugomuisa panzvimbo yaFiridhori.
2. Iparadzanise mambo murwise.
3. "Shah" chikepe.
4. Shamwari.

Kana Muchena achienda kunzvimbo 8, zvino anoratidza tempo, "kutamba mambokadzi nekatatu", kuchengetedza nzvimbo imwechete: 1.Qe5 + Ka7 2.Qa1 + Qb8 3.Qa5. Chinzvimbo chaPhilidor chakaitwa muna 1777, umo kufamba kwacho kwakawira pasi. Padanho rinotevera, Muchena anomanikidza rook kuti aparadzane namambo mutema uye anoitora mushure me mashoma chess. Chero nzira iyo rook inoenda, White inohwina zviri nyore neforogo (kana mate).

9. Bust of Philidor pafacade yeOpera Garnier muParis.

Munyori Filidor

Filipdor akabva kumhuri inozivikanwa kwazvo yemimhanzi uye, sezvatatotaura, aiva munyori, mumwe wevasiki vakuru veFrench comic opera. Akanyora makumi maviri nemanomwe enziyo dzemakomiki uye nenjodzi nhatu dzenziyo (rudzi rweFrench opera yakarimwa munguva yeBaroque uye pamwe muClassism), kusanganisira. iyo opera "Tom Jones", umo kekutanga munhoroondo yeiyi genre yakanzwika quartet yezwi cappella (1765). Pakati pemamwe operas aPhilidor, zvinotevera zvakakodzera kutariswa: "Mashiripiti", "Melida" uye "Ernelinda".

Pazera remakore 65, Philidor akabva kuFrance kekupedzisira kuEngland, haana kuzombodzokera kunyika yake. Akanga ari mutsigiri weChimurenga cheFrance, asi rwendo rwake rwokuenda kuEngland rwaireva kuti hurumende itsva yeFrance yakamuisa pandandanda yevavengi nevapambi veFrance. Saka Philidor akamanikidzwa kupedza makore ake okupedzisira muEngland. Akafira muLondon musi wa24 Nyamavhuvhu 1795.