Frigate F125

Iyo prototype yefrigate Baden-Württemberg pagungwa panguva imwe yematanho ekuedzwa kwegungwa.

Musi waChikumi 17 wegore rino, mhemberero yekusimudza mureza weBaden-Württemberg, mufananidzo weF125 frigate, yakaitika panzvimbo yehondo muWilhelmshaven. Nekudaro, imwe nhanho yakakosha yeimwe yeane mukurumbira uye gakava yeDeutsche Marine zvirongwa zvasvika kumagumo.

Kupera kweCold War kwakasiya mucherechedzo pakuchinja kwezvimiro zvengarava zvenyika zhinji dzeEurope, kusanganisira Deutsche Marine. Kweanoda kusvika hafu yezana ramakore, kuumbwa uku kwakange kwakanangana nekurwisa mashandiro mukubatana nedzimwe nyika dzeNATO dzine zvikepe zvehondo zveWarsaw Pact nyika muGungwa reBaltic, ichinyanya kukoshesa chikamu chayo chekumadokero uye nzira dzeDanish Straits, pamwe ne kudzivirira kwemahombekombe ayo. Shanduko dzakakomba muBundeswehr yese dzakatanga kuwedzera muna Chivabvu 2003, apo Bundestag yakaburitsa gwaro rinotsanangura mutemo wekudzivirira weGerman wemakore anotevera - Verteidigungspolitische Richtlinien (VPR). Dzidziso iyi yakaramba matanho makuru ekudzivirira kwenzvimbo akataurwa kusvika parizvino achifarira mabasa epasi rose, ekufambisa, chinangwa chikuru chaive chekurwisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko munzvimbo dzinopisa nyika. Parizvino, Deutsche Marine ine nzvimbo nhatu huru dzekunakidzwa kwekushanda: Gungwa reBaltic neMediterranean uye Indian Ocean (kunyanya chikamu chayo chekumadokero).

Model F125 yakaratidzwa paEuronaval 2006 muParis. Huwandu hwema radar antenna hwakawedzerwa kusvika ina, asi kuchine imwe chete pane aft superstructure. MONARC ichiri pamhino.

Kumvura dzisingazivikanwi

Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwekudiwa kwekuwana zvikepe zvakagadziridzwa kumabasa anobva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika munyika akaonekwa muGermany kare muna 1997, asi basa racho pacharo rakawana simba chete nekudhindwa kweVPR. Iyo F125 frigates, inonziwo Baden-Württemberg mhando mushure mezita rechikamu chekutanga chenhevedzano, inogadzira yechipiri - mushure meiyo anti-ndege F124 (Sachsen) - chizvarwa chezvikepe zveGerman zvekirasi iyi, yakagadzirwa mu nguva yepashure pehondo. Nguva yeCold War. Nechekare padanho rekutsvagisa, zvaifungidzirwa kuti vaizokwanisa:

• kuita mabasa enguva refu kure nechigadziko, kunyanya kwekudzikamisa uye chimiro chemapurisa, munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika asina kugadzikana;
• chengetedza kutonga munzvimbo dzemahombekombe;
• tsigira kushanda kwemauto akabatana, achivapa tsigiro yemoto uye kushandisa mauto akasarudzika;
• kuita mabasa emahofisi ekuraira sechikamu chemisheni yenyika uye yemubatanidzwa;
• kupa rubatsiro rwevanhu munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.

Kusangana nematambudziko aya, kekutanga muGermany, pfungwa yekushandiswa kwakanyanya yakagamuchirwa panguva yechikamu chekugadzira. Maererano nemafungiro ekutanga (akaramba asina kuchinjwa mukati menguva yose yekugadzira nekuvaka), zvikepe zvitsva zvinofanira kuramba zvichiita mabasa azvo kwemakore maviri, zviri mugungwa kusvika maawa 5000 pagore. Kushanda kwakasimba kwakadaro kwemayuniti kure nekugadzirisa mabhesi anomanikidzwa kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza yezvikamu zvakakosha, kusanganisira dhiraivha system, kusvika kumwedzi 68. Panyaya yezvikamu zvakamboshanda, zvakadai seF124 frigates, izvi zvigadziro mwedzi mipfumbamwe, maawa 2500 nemwedzi gumi nenomwe. Pamusoro pezvo, mafrigate matsva aifanira kusiyaniswa neakakwira mwero we otomatiki uye, nekudaro, vashandi vakaderedzwa kusvika padiki raidiwa.

Kuedza kwekutanga kugadzira frigate itsva kwakaitwa muhafu yechipiri ye2005. Vakaratidza chikepe 139,4 m kureba uye 18,1 m yakafara, yakafanana neF124 units yava pedyo nekupedzwa. Kubva pakutanga, chimiro cheiyo F125 purojekiti yaive maviri akaparadzana echitsuwa superstructures, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuparadzanisa masisitimu emagetsi uye nzvimbo dzekutonga, zvichiwedzera kusarudzika kwavo (vachifunga kurasikirwa kwezvimwe zvekugona kwavo kana kutadza kana kukuvara) . Paunenge uchifunga nezve kusarudzwa kwekugadzirisa dhiraivha, mainjiniya aitungamirwa nenyaya yekuvimbika uye kuramba kukuvadzwa, pamwe neyakatotaurwa kudiwa kwehupenyu hwakawedzerwa hwebasa. Pakupedzisira, yakasanganiswa CODLAG system (yakasanganiswa dhiziri-yemagetsi uye gasi turbine) yakasarudzwa.

Nezvekugoverwa kwemabasa kuzvikamu zvitsva muPrimorsky theatre yekushanda, zvaive zvakakodzera kuisa zvombo zvakakodzera zvinokwanisa kupa rubatsiro rwemoto. Kusiyana kweakakura-caliber cannon artillery (maGerman akashandisa 76 mm mumakore achangopfuura) kana rocket artillery akatariswa. Pakutanga, kushandiswa kwezvigadziriso zvisina kujairika kwakarangarirwa. Yekutanga yaive MONARC (Modular Naval Artillery Concept) artillery system, iyo yaifungidzira kushandiswa kwe155-mm PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer turret yezvinangwa zvehondo. Miedzo yakaitwa paF124 frigates mbiri: Hamburg (F 220) muna 2002 uye Hessen (F 221) munaAugust 2005. Muchiitiko chekutanga, yakagadziridzwa PzH 76 turret yakaiswa pa 2000 mm pfuti, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuedza kukwanisa kubatanidzwa kwemuviri wegadziriro pachikepe. Kune rimwe divi, cannon howitzer yese, yakasungirirwa kune helipad, yakarova Hesse. Kupfurwa kwakaitwa pagungwa uye pasi pezvinangwa, pamwe nekutarisa kupindirana nehurongwa hwekudzora moto wechikepe. Chechipiri chechombo system ine midzi yevhu yaizove iyo M270 MLRS inowanza inochaja rocket launcher.

Aya asingarambike avant-garde mazano akasiiwa mukutanga kwa2007, chikonzero chikuru chiri mutengo wakakwira wekuzvigadzirisa kuti zvienderane nenharaunda yakaoma yegungwa. Zvingave zvakafanira kufunga nezvekudzivirirwa kwecorrosion, kuderedza simba rekudzoreredza repfuti hombe-caliber, uye pakupedzisira, kugadzirwa kwepfuti nyowani.

Kuvaka nezvipingamupinyi

Chimwe chezvirongwa zveDeutsche Marine zvine mukurumbira zvakakonzera kupokana kwakawanda kubva pakutanga, kunyangwe padanho rehushumiri. Nechekare muna Chikumi 21, 2007, iyo Federal Audit Chamber (Bundesrechnungshof - BRH, yakaenzana neSupreme Audit Hofisi) yakapa yekutanga, asi kwete yekupedzisira, yakashata ongororo yechirongwa, ichiyambira zvese hurumende yemubatanidzwa (Bundesregierung) uye Bundestag. Komiti yezvemari (Haushaltsausschusses) pamusoro pekutyorwa. Mumushumo waro, Tribunal yakaratidza, kunyanya, nzira isina kukwana yekudhirowa kondirakiti yekuvaka ngarava, iyo yaibatsira zvakanyanya kumugadziri, nekuti yaisanganisira kubhadharwa kwe81% yechikwereti chose pamberi pemugadziri. kuendeswa kweiyo prototype. Kunyanguvezvo, Dare Rezvemari rakasarudza kubvumidza gadziriro yacho. Mazuva mashanu gare gare, iyo ARGE F125 (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fregatte 125) mubatanidzwa wethyssenkrupp Marine Systems AG (tkMS, mutungamiri) uye Br. Lürssen Werft akasaina kondirakiti neFederal Office yeDefence Technology uye Procurement BwB (Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) yekugadzira nekuvaka ina F125 expeditionary frigates. Kukosha kwechibvumirano panguva yekusaina kwacho kwaive kunosvika 2,6 bhiriyoni euros, iyo yakapa chidimbu kukosha kwe650 miriyoni euros.

Maererano negwaro rakasainwa muna June 2007, ARGE F125 yaifanira kugovera prototype yechikwata pakupera kwa 2014. Zvisinei, sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, nguva yekupedzisira iyi haina kukwanisa kuitika, sezvo kutemwa kwemashizha e kuvakwa kweramangwana Baden-Württemberg rakaiswa chete May 9, 2011 ., uye yekutanga block (dimensions 23,0 × 18,0 × 7,0 m uye uremu approx. 300 matani), kuumba keel yokufananidzira, yakaiswa anenge mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare - pa November 2.

Pakutanga kwa2009, chirongwa ichi chakadzokororwa, kushandura chimiro chemukati chechikepe, ichiwedzera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo yezvombo uye madhipatimendi ezvombo zveherikoputa. Kugadziriswa kwese kwakaitwa panguva iyoyo kwakawedzera kutama uye kureba kwechikepe, nokudaro kubvuma kukosha kwekupedzisira. Kudzokororwa uku kwakamanikidza iyo ARGE F125 kuti itaurirane zvakare zviga zvechibvumirano. Sarudzo yaBwB yakapa iyo consortium imwe mwedzi gumi nemiviri, nekudaro ichiwedzera chirongwa kusvika Zvita 12.

Sezvo basa rinotungamirira muARGE F125 rinoitwa ne tkMS inobata (80% yezvikamu), ndiye aifanira kusarudza pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwevashandi vanobatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwezvivharo zvitsva. Chivako chengarava chakapihwa basa rekutanga kugadzirwa kweamidships uye aft zvikamu, kujoinha zvivharo zvehull, midziyo yavo yekupedzisira, kubatanidza sisitimu uye kuedzwa kwakatevera yaive Hamburg-based Blohm + Voss, yakazove ye tkMS (yaLürssen kubva 2011). Kune rimwe divi, nzvimbo yezvikepe yeLürssen muVegesack padhuze neBremen ndiyo yaive nebasa rekugadzira uye nekutanga kupfeka kwe62 m kureba mabhuroki, kusanganisira uta hwepamusoro. Chikamu chebasa rehull (zvikamu zvevhavha, kusanganisira mapeari ezvikepe zviviri zvekutanga) zvakatumirwa nePeenewerft chirimwa muWolgast, ipapo chaive naHegemann-Gruppe, ipapo P + S Werften, asi kubvira 2010 Lürssen. Pakupedzisira, yakanga iri nzvimbo iyi yezvikepe yakagadzira zvivharo zvakakwana zvemafrigates echitatu nechina.