frigates yeBundesmarine
Zvikepe zvekare zveBritish sekudzidzira mafrigates eBundesmarine "akafamba zvishoma pasirese." Mufananidzo ndiGraf Spee muVancouver muna 1963. ZveWalter E. Frost/Guta reVancouver Archives
Iyo Bundesmarine nguva pfupi yapfuura mushure mekumukira kwayo yakasvika padanho repamusoro rekuzara nengarava dzemakirasi akakosha. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvakaoma kuwedzera izvi zvingaita quantitatively mumakore akatevera, kuedza kwose kwakaitwa kuchengetedza chiyero chepamusoro, zvishoma nepamusoro, nguva dzose.
Paive nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuwedzera kukuru kweBundesmarine. Kutanga, kazhinji, Germany yaiva imwe yenyika dzakakura muEurope panguva iyoyo, uye nheyo yeindasitiri, yakakurumidza kudzorerwa mushure mehondo - nekuda kweAmerica rubatsiro rwemari - yakapa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kweuto rakasimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo yakarongeka pamakungwa maviri uye basa remhando yegedhi muDanish Straits yaida kuchengetedzwa kwemugungwa wakakodzera mukana webazi remauto.
Strategic kuvapo pano neapo
Basa reFRG raive rakasimba mudzidziso yekugona kumira kwemauto eUSSR uye neEuropean socialist nyika kumadokero kweEurope. Nekuda kwechinzvimbo chehurongwa, kumberi kwehondo yaigona kuitika pakati pemabhuroko maviri ematunhu aipikisana aifanira kupfuura nenyika dzeGerman. Saka kudikanwa kwekuwedzera kwakakosha kukura kwemauto epasi nemhepo, achipihwa nemauto ari kutora, hongu, kunyanya maAmerican. Nekune rimwe divi, kuvapo kwemahombekombe egungwa paBaltic neNorth Seas uye kutonga kwenzira dzekufambisa dzengarava dzinobatanidza mvura mbiri (Kiel Canal neDanish Straits) zvaida kuwedzera kunoenderana kwezvikepe, kuchinjirwa kune yakarongwa chiitiko zvese zvakavharwa uye. makungwa akazaruka. mvura yegungwa.
Uye yakanga iri Bundesmarine, nerutsigiro rwezvikepe zvenyika duku (Denmark, Norway, Netherlands neBelgium), kune rumwe rutivi, iyo yaifanira kuvhara mauto eWarsaw Pact muGungwa reBaltic, uye panguva imwe chete. nguva gadzirira kuchengetedza Atlantic shipping. Izvi zvaida kuendeswa kweunifomu yekuperekedza, kurwiswa kwechiedza, anti-mine uye mauto epasi pemvura. Saka chirongwa chekutanga chepamutemo chekusimudzira mauto emugungwa eBundesmarine "akagurwa". Ngatiyeukei kuti chirongwa chekuwedzera chakanyanya, chakagadzirwa muna 1955, chakagadzirirwa kutumirwa kwe, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu: vaparadzi gumi nevaviri, vatariri gumi (vakazonzi frigates), 16 torpedo zvikepe, 10 submarines, 40 vanochera zvimbambaira, makumi maviri nemana vanotsvaira, 12 zvikepe.
Zvaifungidzirwa kuti ichavakwa neindasitiri yayo yekuvaka ngarava. Sezvaunogona kuona, chirongwa chacho chakanga chakanyatsodzikama, chichitanga kunyange kuwedzera kwemapoka ose anodiwa zvikuru ezvikepe zvehondo. Zvisinei, kusvikira kunyorwa kwekutanga kwezvikamu zvakagadziriswa, zvaive zvakakodzera kushandisa kwenguva pfupi Kriegsmarine yakanga iripo uye ichiri kurangarira hondo, kana kutora "zvakashandiswa" zvikepe zvakapiwa nevabatsiri veNATO.
Chokwadika, kuvhara Danish Straits nezvikepe zviduku kwakanga kuri nyore zvikuru kupfuura kubata nokuchengeta vaparadzi vakawanda kana kuti frigates mubasa. Mukugadzirisa basa rekutanga, zvikepe zvenyika duku, kunyanya Denmark neNorway, zvakabatsira kuwedzera mapoka avo ezvikepe zve torpedo uye vanochera zvimbambaira.
Muna 1965, iyo Bundesmarine yaive ne40 torpedo zvikepe, 3 minelayers uye makumi matanhatu neshanu base uye minesweepers. Norway yaigona kuendesa 65 torpedo zvikepe, 26 minelayers uye 5 minesweepers, nepo Denmark yaigona kuendesa 10 torpedo mabhoti, 16 ekare minelayers uye 8 anti-migodhi mabhoti akasiyana siyana (asi mazhinji akavakwa mu25s). Zvakanga zvakanyanya kuipa nevanodhura zvakanyanya vaparadzi uye frigates. Vose Denmark neNorway vakanga vachivaka mafrigate avo ekutanga mushure mehondo panguva iyoyo (40 uye 2 zvikepe zvakateerana). Ndosaka zvaive zvakakosha kwete kuGermany chete, asi kuNATO seyose kuti Bundesmarine yaive neboka rekuperekedza rakakwana.
Ngarava dzevaimbove vavengi
Muna 1957, mukufambirana nenhaurirano nevaAmerica pamusoro pevaparadzi, hutungamiriri hweGerman Ministry of Defence hwaitaurirana kugamuchirwa kwengarava dzakamboshandiswa zvakare kubva kumaBritish. Kukurukurirana pamusoro penyaya iyi kwakatanga kare pakupera kwa 1955. Mukati me 1956, tsanangudzo dzakanyorwa, kusanganisira kugadzwa kwemitengo yekutengesa. Nechekare muna Chivabvu, mazita emayuniti akasarudzwa kutapurirana aizivikanwa. MaBritish aifanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune vakapira 3 vaparadzi vanoperekedza uye 4 frigates, izvo, shure kwezvose, zvaingova zvikamu zvemauto ekuvaka. Uye saka kune zvitunha ivo pachavo vakakumbira 670. 1,575 miriyoni pounds sterling yemutengo wekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kunodiwa uye imwe 1,05 miriyoni mapaundi sterling yezvombo zvavo nemidziyo, iyo yakapa huwandu hwe3,290 miriyoni pounds, kana ingangoita 40 miriyoni West. ChiGerman chinomaka apo.
