Mafrigates akanaka kune zvese here?
Frigate yakashongedzerwa uye yakashongedzerwa inogona kuve yakakosha, inofambiswa chikamu chenyika yedu yakabatanidzwa yekudzivirira mweya system. Nehurombo, muPoland iyi pfungwa haina kunzwisiswa nevezvematongerwo enyika vanoita sarudzo vakasarudza kutenga yakajairwa, isingafambike masisitimu evhu ane mashandiro echikamu. Uye zvakadaro zvikepe zvakadaro zvinogona kushandiswa kwete chete kurwisa zvinangwa zvemhepo panguva yekukakavadzana - hongu, tichifunga kuti basa remauto reNavy, iro rinopisa kudzivirira nharaunda yedu kubva kumhirizhonga kubva mugungwa, haisiriyo chete raison d'être. . Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza De Zeven Provinciën LCF-mhando yeDutch anti-ndege uye inoraira frigate ichipfura SM-2 Block IIIA yepakati-renji inorwisa-ndege chombo.
Frigates pari zvino ndiyo yakanyanya kupararira muNATO, uye kazhinji munyika, kirasi yepakati-saizi-yakawanda-chinangwa chehondo ngarava. Izvo zvinoshandiswa nedzinenge nyika dzese dzeNorth Atlantic Alliance dzine mauto emvura, pamwe neakawanda emauto edzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti “vakanaka pazvinhu zvose”? Hapana mhinduro dzakakwana dzepasirese. Nekudaro, izvo zvinopihwa nefrigates nhasi zvinobvumira mauto emugungwa, kazhinji, kuita mabasa akakosha akaiswa pamberi pavo nehurumende dzenyika imwe neimwe. Icho chokwadi chekuti mhinduro iyi iri padyo neiyo yakakwana inoratidzirwa nenhamba huru uye ichiri kukura yevashandisi vavo.
Nei mafrigate ari boka rakakurumbira zvakadaro rengarava dzehondo pasi rose? Zvakaoma kuwana mhinduro isina kujeka. Izvi zvine hukama kune akati wandei akakosha ehunyanzvi uye tekinoroji nyaya dzinoshanda pasi rose mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika yakaita sePoland, asiwo Germany kana Canada.
Ndivo vakanyatsogadzirisa muhukama hwe "cost-effect". Vanogona kuita mashandiro mumvura dziri kure vari voga kana muzvikwata zvezvikepe, uye nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye kutamiswa, vanogona kuve vakashongedzerwa seti yemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana uye zvombo - i.e. hurongwa hwekurwa - huchibvumira kuitwa kweakasiyana mabasa. Pakati pavo pane: kurwisana nemhepo, pamusoro, pasi pemvura uye zvinangwa zvevhu. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, hatisi kutaura chete nezve kurova zvinangwa nepfuti, asiwo nezve kurohwa nemakomba echikepe pane zvinhu zvine nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa munharaunda. Mukuwedzera, mafrigates, kunyanya ayo akagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura, anogona kuita mabasa asiri ehondo. Ndezvekutsigira mabasa ekubatsira vanhu kana mapurisa kuti atevedzere mutemo mugungwa.
Germany haisi kunonoka. Iyo F125 mhando yefrigates iri kupinzwa mubasa rekufambisa, uye kuguma kweiyo modhi inotevera, iyo MKS180, yatove muchiyero. Chidimbu che "multipurpose battleship" ingangove chivharo chezvematongerwo enyika chekutenga nhevedzano yemayuniti ane kutamiswa kunosvika 9000 matani. Aya haasiri mafrigates zvakare, asi vaparadzi, kana chirevo chevapfumi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ePoland, zvikepe zvidiki zvakanyanya zvinogona kushandura chiso chePolish Navy, uye nekudaro mutemo wedu wemugungwa.
Kukura nyaya
Nekuda kwekuzvimiririra kwavo kwepamusoro, mafrigates anogona kuita mabasa avo kwenguva yakareba kubva pazvigadziko zvavo zvemba, uye zvakare haana kuratidzwa kune asina kunaka hydrometeorological mamiriro. Ichi chinhu chakakosha mumvura yese yemvura, kusanganisira Gungwa reBaltic. Vanyori venhau dzenhau dzekuti gungwa redu i "dziva" uye kuti ngarava yakanakisa yekushanda pairi helikopta, zvirokwazvo haina kupedza chero nguva muGungwa reBaltic. Nehurombo, maonero avo ane mhedzisiro yakaipa panzvimbo dzekuita sarudzo dzakakonzera kuparara kwazvino, kunoshamisa kwePolish Navy.
Ongororo yakaitwa munyika dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira dunhu redu, inoratidza kuti ngarava chete dzine kutamiswa kweanopfuura 3500 matani - kureva mafrigates - anogona kugarisa seti yakakodzera ye sensors uye mhedzisiro, zvichibvumira kuita kwakanaka kwemabasa akapihwa, nepo. kuchengetedza kufamba kwakaringana uye kugona kwechimanjemanje. Idzi mhedziso dzakatosvikwa neFinland kana Sweden, inozivikanwa nekushanda kwezvikepe zvehondo zvakadzimisa - rocket chasers uye corvettes. Helsinki yave kuita zvishoma nezvishoma chirongwa chayo cheLaivue 2020, izvo zvinozokonzera kuumbwa kwechiedza chePohjanmaa frigates nekutama kuzere kweanenge saizi yeGungwa reBaltic uye mahombekombe emunharaunda ane skerries. Vanogonawo kutora chikamu mumamishinari epasi rose mhiri kwegungwa redu, izvo zvikepe zvazvino zveMerivoimatu zvakanga zvisingakwanisi. Stockholm inorongawo kutenga mayuniti akakura kupfuura emazuva ano eVisby corvettes, ayo, kunyangwe ari emazuva ano, anoshorwa nehuwandu hwezvipingamupinyi zvichikonzerwa nekusakwana chiyero, boka diki rakaremerwa nemabasa, kuzvitonga kwakaderera, kushomeka kwegungwa, kushomeka kweherikoputa. kana anti-ndege missile system, nezvimwe.
Chokwadi ndechekuti vanotungamira vagadziri vengarava vanopa akawanda-chinangwa macorvettes ane 1500 ÷ 2500 t, aine zvombo zvakasiyana-siyana, asi kunze kwekukanganisa kwataurwa kunokonzerwa nehukuru hwavo, ivo zvakare vane kushomeka kwemazuva ano. Inofanira kuyeukwa kuti muzvinhu zvemazuva ano, kunyange nyika dzakapfuma dzinotora hupenyu hwebasa hwezvikepe zvehukuru uye mutengo wefrigate kwemakore makumi matatu kana kupfuura. Munguva iyi, zvichave zvakafanira kuvagadzirisa kuitira kuchengetedza zvingave pazinga rakakwana kune kuchinja kwechokwadi, iyo inogona kushandiswa chete apo dhizaini yemudziyo inopa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kubva pakutanga.
Frigates uye zvematongerwo enyika
Aya mabhenefiti anobvumira mafrigates enhengo dzeEuropean NATO kutora chikamu mukushanda kwenguva refu munzvimbo dziri kure dzepasi, sekutsigira kuedza kwepasi rose kurwisa piracy mumvura yeIndia Ocean, kana kutarisana nekumwe kutyisidzira kwekutengesa kwegungwa uye nzira dzekutaurirana.
Uyu mutemo wakanga uri hwaro hwekushandurwa kwemauto emugungwa akadai sezvikepe zviri pedyo nenzvimbo dzeDenmark kana kuti Federal Republic of Germany. Yekutanga makore gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura apfuura, maererano nemidziyo, yaive yakajairwa Cold War Navy ine zvikepe zvidiki uye zvine chinangwa chimwe chete chekudzivirira pamahombekombe - rocket uye torpedo chasers, miners uye submarines. Shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kugadziridzwa kweMauto Ehondo eHumambo hweDenmark zvakabva zvapa mhosva zvinopfuura makumi matatu zvezvikamu izvi kusavapo. Kunyange masimba epasi pemvura akabviswa! Nhasi, pachinzvimbo chezvikepe zvakawanda zvisingakoshi, musimboti weSøværnet une mafrigate matatu eIver Huitfeldt uye ngarava mbiri dzine chinangwa chakasiyana-siyana, quasi-frigates yemhando yeAbsalon, inoshanda nguva dzose, semuenzaniso. mumamishini muIndian Ocean nePersian Gulf. MaGermany, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakafanana, akavaka imwe yeanonyanya kukakavara "expeditionary" frigates yeF30 Baden-Württemberg rudzi. Aya mahombe - displacement approx 125 t - ngarava dzakagadzirirwa kushanda kwenguva refu kure nemabhesi, iine mashoma ekuvaka ngarava. Chii chinoudza vavakidzani vedu veBaltic kutumira zvikepe "kumagumo enyika"?
Kuitira hanya kuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana kune zvakakosha pamamiriro ehupfumi hwavo. Kutsamira pakutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakachipa uye zvigadzirwa zvakachipa zvakapedzwa kubva kuAsia kwakakosha zvekuti vakafunga shanduko yezvikepe, kuvakwa kwemafrigate matsva uye nekuedza pamwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana kwenyika sekwakakodzera, kunyangwe zvichifanira kubvumwa kuti mune yavo. nzvimbo yekushanda yemauto emugungwa yakakura kudarika nyika yedu.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, Poland inopa muenzaniso unozivikanwa, uyo hupfumi huri kusimukira hunoenderana kwete chete nekutakurwa kwezvinhu negungwa, asiwo - uye pamwe pamusoro pezvose - pakutakura kwezviwanikwa zvesimba. Chibvumirano chenguva refu neQatar chekupihwa kwegasi rakanyungudutswa kunzvimbo yekutepfenyura gasi muŚwinoujście kana kutakurwa kwemafuta asina kuchena kuenda kunzvimbo yekuGdańsk zvakakosha. Kuchengeteka kwavo mugungwa kunogona kuvimbiswa chete nezvikepe zvakakura zvakakwana zvine vashandi vakanyatsodzidziswa. Makombora emazuva ano eNaval Missile Unit, kana kuti 350-ton Hurricane Missile Unit, haazviite. Zvirokwazvo, Gungwa reBaltic harisi iro dziva rechirevo, asi inzvimbo yakakosha yehupfumi hwenyika. Sezvinoratidzwa nenhamba, inopesvedzerwa neimwe yezvikepe zvakakura kwazvo pasirese, nekuda kwekuti hukama hwekutengeserana pakati pePeople's Republic of China uye, semuenzaniso, Poland (kuburikidza neDCT mudziyo terminal muGdańsk) inogoneka. Maererano nenhamba, zviuru zvezvikepe zvinofamba pairi zuva rega rega. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti chii chikonzero nei nyaya iyi inokosha isipo mukukurukurirana pamusoro pekuchengeteka kwenyika yedu - zvichida inokonzerwa nekusanzwisiswa kwe "kukosha" kwekutengeserana kwegungwa? Kutakurwa kwechikepe kunotora 30% yekutengeserana kwePoland maererano nehuremu hwekutakura zvinhu, izvo zvingasakwezva kutarisa zvinobudirira, asi zvinhu zvakafanana zvinoverengera zvinosvika makumi manomwe muzana zvekukosha kwekutengeserana kwenyika yedu, izvo zvinonyatso ratidza kukosha kwechiitiko ichi. hupfumi hwePoland.
