GAS

Zviri mukati MuvambiEmblemNhoroondo yemotokari dzeGAZ The Gorky Automobile Plant (pfupiso GAZ) ndeimwe yemakambani makuru muindasitiri yemotokari yeRussia. Kunyanya kukoshesa kwekambani kwakanangana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari, marori, minibus, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kweinjini. Hofisi huru iri muNizhny Novgorod. Bhizinesi rakatanga kubva panguva dzeUSSR. Chimiro chakagadzwa muna 1929 nechirevo chakakosha chehurumende yeSoviet yekuvandudza kugadzirwa kweauto munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chibvumirano chakapedzwawo nekambani yeAmerica Ford Motor Company, iyo, zvakare, yaifanira kugadzirira GAZ nerutsigiro rwekugadzira kugadzira kwayo. Iyo kambani yakapa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kwemakore mashanu. Semuenzaniso wekugadzira mota dzenguva yemberi, GAZ yakatora sampuli dzemumwe wayo wekune dzimwe nyika seFord A uye AA. Vagadziri vakaona kuti kunyangwe indasitiri yemotokari iri kukurumidza kusimudzira mune dzimwe nyika, vachada kushanda nesimba nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha. Muna 1932, kuvakwa kweGAZ plant kwakapera. Vector yekugadzira yakatarisana zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kwemarori, uye yatove mune yechipiri kutendeuka - pamotokari. Asi munguva pfupi, nhamba yemotokari dzevatakuri dzakagadzirwa, dzaishandiswa zvikuru nevakuru vehurumende. Iko kudiwa kwemotokari kwaive kwakakura, mumakore mashoma, vawana mukurumbira mukurumbira semugadziri wemotokari, GAZ yakaburitsa yayo 100th mota. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri (Great Patriotic War), rudzi rweGAZ rwakanga rwakanangana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemauto kunze kwemugwagwa, pamwe chete nematangi euto. "Molotov's tank", mhando T-38, T-60 uye T-70 dzakagadzirwa paGAZ chirimwa. Pakukwira kwehondo, kwakave nekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira pfuti nedhaka. Mafekitari akakuvadzwa zvakanyanya panguva yekubhomba, izvo zvakatora nguva yakati rebei kudzoreredza, asi basa rakawanda. Zvakakanganisawo kumira kwenguva pfupi mukugadzirwa kwemamwe mamodheru. Mushure mekuvakazve, zviitiko zvese zvaive zvakanangana nekutangazve kugadzira. Zvirongwa zvekugadzirwa kweVolga neChaika zvakarongwa. Pamwe chete neshanduro dzemazuva ano dzemhando dzekare. Muna 1997, chiitiko chakapedzwa neFiat kubvumirana nekugadzirwa kwemubatanidzwa une zita rekuti Nizhegorod Motors. Chinhu chikuru chaive chekusangana kwemota dzevatakuri dzemhando dzeFiat. Pakupera kwa1999, huwandu hwedzimotokari dzakatengeswa dzakapfuura mayuniti zana nemakumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore idzva, kwave nemapurojekiti mazhinji ekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva, uye nhamba huru yezvibvumirano zvakasainwa nemakambani akasiyana muindasitiri yemotokari. Urongwa hwemari hahuna kubvumira GAZ kuona zvirongwa zvayo zvose, uye kuungana kwemotokari dzakawanda kwakatanga kuitwa pamapazi ari kune dzimwe nyika. Uyewo, 2000 yakaratidza kambani nechimwe chiitiko: zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvakatorwa neBasic Element, uye muna 2001 GAZ yakapinda muRussPromAvto inobata. Uye mushure memakore mana, zita rekubata rakachinjwa kuva GAZ Group, iro gore rinotevera rinotenga kambani yeChirungu yekugadzira van. Mumakore akatevera, zvibvumirano zvakati wandei zvakasainwa nemakambani ekunze akadai seVolkswagen Group neDaimler. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira mota dzemhando dzekunze, pamwe nekuwedzera kudiwa kwavo. Muvambi weGorky Automobile Plant yakavambwa nehurumende yeUSSR. Emblem Chiratidzo cheGAZ iheptagon ine sirivheri yesimbi furemu ine mhembwe yakanyorwa yeruvara rwakafanana, iri pane yakasviba kumashure. Pazasi pane chinyorwa "GAS" chine font yakakosha. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti sei mhembwe dzakapendwa pamhando dzemotokari dzeGAZ. Mhinduro iri nyore: kana iwe ukadzidza nzvimbo yeNizhny Novgorod, uko kambani yakamutswa, unogona kunzwisisa kuti nzvimbo huru imasango, ayo anonyanya kugarwa nemapere nemhembwe. Ndiyo mhembwe ndiyo zviratidzo zvejasi rezvombo zveNizhny Novgorod uye ndiye akapihwa nzvimbo yekukudzwa pane redhiyeta grille yemhando dzeGaz. Chiratidzo muchimiro chemhembwe ine nyanga zvine manyawi chakasimudzwa mudenga chinomirira chishuwo, kumhanya uye kukudzwa. Pamienzaniso yekutanga, pakanga pasina logo ine nondo, uye munguva yehondo ovha yakashandiswa nemashoko okuti "GAS" akanyorwa mukati, akagadzirwa nenyundo uye jeko. Nhoroondo yemotokari dzeGAZ Pakutanga kwa1932, motokari yekutanga yekambani yakagadzirwa - yaiva yeGAZ-AA rori yemhando yemhando inorema matani nehafu. Gore rakatevera, bhazi rinogara vanhu gumi nemanomwe rakaburuka pamutsetse wegungano, furemu uye ganda raive nehuni, pamwe neGaz. Model M1 ine 4-cylinder injini yaive yevafambi modhi uye yaive yakavimbika. Akanga ari muenzaniso wakakurumbira panguva iyoyo. Mune ramangwana, pane zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa zvemuenzaniso uyu, semuenzaniso, 415 rori, uye kutakura kwayo kwakapfuura makirogiramu 400. Iyo GAZ 64 modhi yakabudiswa muna 1941. Motokari yekunze kwemugwagwa ine muviri wakashama yaive mota yemauto uye yaive nesimba rakasarudzika. Motokari yekutanga mushure mehondo yakabudiswa yaiva modhi 51 rori, iyo yakabudiswa muzhizha ra1946 uye yakadada nenzvimbo, ine kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kushanda zvakanaka. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi e6 cylinders, iyo yakagadzira kumhanya kusvika ku70 km / h. Paivawo nehuwandu hwekuvandudzwa pamwe chete nemhando dzakapfuura uye kutakura kwemotokari kwakawedzerwa nekamwe nehafu. Uyezve yakagadziridzwa muzvizvarwa zvakawanda. Mumwedzi iwoyo wegore rimwe chete, iyo yengano "Victory" kana iyo M20 sedan modhi, iyo yakave nemukurumbira pasi rese, yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Dhizaini nyowani yaipenya nekutanga uye yakanga isina kufanana nemamwe mamodheru. Muenzaniso wekutanga weGAZ une muviri unotakura mutoro, pamwe chete nemuenzaniso wekutanga wenyika ine "wingless" muviri. Kupamhama kwekabhini, pamwe nemidziyo ine yakazvimirira yekumisa vhiri remberi, yakaita kuti ive nyanzvi yeindasitiri yemotokari yeSoviet. Motokari yemotokari 12 "ZIM" yakabudiswa muna 1950 ine 6-cylinder power unit, iyo yakanga ine simba rakasimba uye yainzi motokari inokurumidza zvikuru yekambani, inokwanisa kusvika kusvika ku125 km / h. Mazhinji magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi akaunzwawo kuitira kunyaradza kwakanyanya. Chizvarwa chitsva cheVolga chakatsiva Pobeda muna 1956 neGAZ 21 model. Dhizaini isingaenzaniswi, kutumira otomatiki, injini yakasvika kumhanya kusvika 130 km / h, yakanakisa masimba uye data yehunyanzvi yaigona kungopihwa nekirasi yehurumende. Imwe prototype yeKukunda yaive Seagull. Iyo premium modhi yeGAZ 13 yakaburitswa muna 1959 yaive nehunhu hwakafanana neGAZ 21, ichiiswededza pedyo nekunyaradza kwakanyanya uye nzvimbo yerukudzo pachigadziko cheindasitiri yemotokari yenguva idzodzo. Maitiro echizvino-zvino akafambawo nemarori. Iyo GAZ 52/53/66 modhi inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Mienzaniso yakashanda zvakakwana nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutakura, iyo yakagadziridzwa nevagadziri. Kuvimbika kwemhando idzi kuchiri kushandiswa nhasi. Muna 1960, kuwedzera marori, mazuvaano yakasvika Volga uye Chaika, uye muenzaniso 24-GAZ akasunungurwa itsva magadzirirwo simba chikwata uye GAZ 14, azvaitwa. Uye mumakore ekuma80, chizvarwa chitsva chemazuva ano cheVolga chakaonekwa chine zita rokuti GAZ 3102 rine simba rakawedzera remagetsi.