Nhoroondo yemotokari brand GAZ

Iyo Gorky Automobile Plant (chidimbu GAZ) ndeimwe yemakambani makuru muindasitiri yemotokari muRussia. Iko kunyanya kusarudzika kwekambani kunoitirwa kugadzirwa kwemotokari, marori, makombi, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemotokari. Dzimbahwe iri muNizhny Novgorod.

Nhoroondo yebhizinesi yakadzokera kunguva dzeUSSR. Iyo fekitori yakavambwa muna 1929 nemutemo wakasarudzika wehurumende yeSoviet yekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemotokari kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chibvumirano chakasainwawo nekambani yeAmerica Ford Motor Company, iyo yaifanirwa kushongedzera GAZ nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi kuti isimbise kugadzirwa kwayo. Iyo kambani yanga ichipa technical technical kwe5 makore.

Semuenzaniso wemuenzaniso wekugadzira mota dzeramangwana, GAZ yakatora sampuli yemumwe wayo wekune imwe nyika seFord A neAA. Vagadziri vakaona kuti kunyangwe hazvo kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri emota mune dzimwe nyika, ivo vaizofanira kushanda nesimba uye kugadzirisa zvakawanda zvakakosha.

Muna 1932, kuvakwa kweGAZ plant kwakapera. Vector yekugadzira yainyanya kutariswa pakugadzirwa kwemarori, uye yatove mune yechipiri kutendeuka - pamotokari. Asi munguva pfupi, nhamba yemotokari dzevatakuri dzakagadzirwa, dzaishandiswa zvikuru nevakuru vehurumende.

Iko kudiwa kwemotokari kwaive kwakakura, mumakore mashoma, vawana mukurumbira mukurumbira semugadziri wemotokari, GAZ yakaburitsa yayo 100th mota.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri (Great Patriotic War), rudzi rweGAZ rwakanga rwakanangana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemauto kunze kwemugwagwa, pamwe chete nematangi euto. "Molotov's tank", mhando T-38, T-60 uye T-70 dzakagadzirwa paGAZ chirimwa. Pakukwira kwehondo, kwakave nekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira pfuti nedhaka.

Iwo mafekitori akatambura zvakanyanya kukuvara panguva yekubhomba, izvo zvakatora nguva pfupi kwazvo kudzoreredza, asi yakawanda yebasa. Izvo zvakaratidzirwawo mukumiswa kwenguva pfupi kwekugadzirwa kwemamwe mamodheru.

Mushure mekuvakazve, zviitiko zvese zvakaitirwa kutangazve kugadzirwa. Zvirongwa zvekugadzirwa kweVolga neChaika zvakarongeka. Zvakare pamwe neshanduro dzemazuva ano dzemhando dzekare. 

Muna 1997, chiito chakasainwa neFiat kuti vabvumirane nekugadzirwa kwekudyidzana kunodaidzwa kunzi Nizhegorod Motors. Icho chakakosha kunyanya kwaive kuungana kweFiat mota dzevanofamba.

Pakupera kwa1999, huwandu hwedzimotokari dzakatengeswa dzakapfuura mayuniti zana nemakumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu.

Kubva kutanga kwezana remakore idzva, kwave kuine akawanda mapurojekiti ekushandisa matekinoroji matsva, uye huwandu hukuru hwezvibvumirano hwasainwa nemakambani akasiyana muindasitiri yemotokari. Zano rezvemari harina kubvumidza GAZ kuti ione zvese zvakagamuchirwa, uye kuungana kwemazhinji emota kwakatanga kuitiswa pamatavi, zvakare ari mune dzimwe nyika.

Uyewo, 2000 yakaratidza kambani nechimwe chiitiko: zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvakatorwa neBasic Element, uye muna 2001 GAZ yakapinda muRussPromAvto inobata. Uye mushure memakore mana, zita rekubata rakachinjwa kuva GAZ Group, iro gore rinotevera rinotenga kambani yeChirungu yekugadzira van. 

Mumakore anotevera, zvibvumirano zvakakosha zvakapedzwa nemakambani ekunze senge Volkswagen Boka uye Daimler. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuburitsa mota dzemhando dzekunze, pamwe nekuwedzera kwavo kudiwa.

Muvambi

Iyo Gorky Automobile Plant yakavambwa nehurumende yeUSSR.

Chiratidzo

Mucherechedzo weGAZ iheptagon ine sirivheri yesimbi furemu ine mhembwe yakanyorwa yemuvara mumwechete, iri pane yakasviba kumashure. Pazasi pane kunyorwa "GAS" ine yakakosha font

Vakawanda vanoshamisika kuti sei mhembwe dzakapendwa pamhando dzemotokari dzeGAZ. Mhinduro iri nyore: kana iwe ukadzidza nzvimbo yeNizhny Novgorod, uko kambani yakamutswa, unogona kunzwisisa kuti nzvimbo huru imasango, ayo anonyanya kugarwa nemapere nemhembwe.

Ndiyo mhembwe ndiyo zviratidzo zvejasi rezvombo zveNizhny Novgorod uye ndiye akapihwa nzvimbo yekukudzwa pane redhiyeta grille yemhando dzeGaz.

Chiratidzo muchimiro chemhembwe ine nyanga zvine manyawi chakasimudzwa mudenga chinomirira chishuwo, kumhanya uye kukudzwa.

Pamienzaniso yekutanga, pakanga pasina logo ine nondo, uye munguva yehondo ovha yakashandiswa nemashoko okuti "GAS" akanyorwa mukati, akagadzirwa nenyundo uye jeko.

Nhoroondo yemota dzeGaz

Pakutanga kwa1932, motokari yekutanga yekambani yakabudiswa - yaiva yeGAZ-AA cargo model inorema matani nehafu.

Gore rakatevera, bhazi rinogara vanhu gumi nemanomwe rakaburuka pamutsetse wegungano, furemu uye ganda raive nehuni, pamwe neGaz.

M1 ine 4-cylinder injini yaive yemotokari uye yaivimbika. Akanga ari muenzaniso wakakurumbira panguva iyoyo. Mune ramangwana, pakave nekugadziridzwa kwakawanda kwemuenzaniso uyu, semuenzaniso, modhi 415 ine muviri wekutakura, uye kugona kwayo kwakapfuura makirogiramu mazana mana.

Iyo GAZ 64 modhi yakagadzirwa muna 1941. Iyo yakavhurika-muviri yakavhurika-nyika mota yaive mota yeuto uye yainyanya kusimba.

Yekutanga yapashure pehondo mota yakagadzirwa yaive yemhando 51 rori, yakabuda muzhizha ra1946 ndokudada nenzvimbo, iine kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye hupfumi. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa 6-cylinder simba unit, iyo yakatanga kukurumidza kusvika makumi manomwe km / h. Paive zvakare nekuvandudzwa kwakati pamwe chete nemhando dzekare uye mutoro wemotokari wakawedzerwa nehafu nehafu nguva. Yakawedzera kuwedzerwa muzvizvarwa zvakati wandei.

Mumwedzi iwoyo wegore rimwe chete, iyo yengano "Victory" kana iyo M20 sedan modhi, iyo yakave nemukurumbira pasi rese, yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Dhizaini nyowani yaipenya nekutanga uye yakanga isina kufanana nemamwe mamodheru. Muenzaniso wekutanga weGAZ une muviri unotakura mutoro, pamwe chete neyokutanga yenyika ine "wingless" muviri. Kupamhama kwekabhini, pamwe nemidziyo ine yakazvimirira yekumisa vhiri remberi, yakaita kuti ive nyanzvi yeindasitiri yemotokari yeSoviet.

Motokari yemotokari 12 "ZIM" yakabudiswa muna 1950 ine 6-cylinder power unit, iyo yakanga ine simba rakasimba uye yainzi motokari inokurumidza zvikuru yekambani, inokwanisa kusvika kusvika ku125 km / h. Mazhinji magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi akaunzwawo kuitira kunyaradza kwakanyanya.

Chizvarwa chitsva cheVolga chakatsiva Pobeda muna 1956 nemuenzaniso weGAZ 21. Dhizaini isingaenzaniswi, bhokisi regiya regiya, injini yakasvika kumhanya kusvika 130 km / h, simba rakanakisa uye data rehunyanzvi raigona kungopihwa nehurumende. class.

Seagull yaionekwa seimwe prototype yeiyo Kukunda. Iyo yekutanga modhi GAZ 13 yakaburitswa muna 1959 yaive nehunhu hwakafanana neiyo GAZ 21, ichichiunza padhuze nekunaka kukuru uye nzvimbo yekukudzwa pachigadziko cheindasitiri yemotokari yenguva idzodzo.

Maitiro emazuva ano akapfuura nemarori zvakare. Mhando dzeGaz 52/53/66 dzinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Iwo mamodheru aishandiswa zvine hunyanzvi nekuda kweiyo yakawedzera mutoro nhanho, iyo yakagadziridzwa nevagadziri. Kuvimbika kweaya mamodheru kuchiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Muna 1960, kuwedzera marori, mazuvaano yakasvika Volga uye Chaika, uye muenzaniso 24-GAZ akasunungurwa itsva magadzirirwo simba chikwata uye GAZ 14, azvaitwa.

Uye mumakore makumi masere, chimwe chizvarwa chemazuva ano cheVolga chakaonekwa iine zita rekuti GAZ 80 ine simba rakawedzera remagetsi. Chirevo chacho chaive chakakwirira zvakanyanya, asi chete pakati pevakuru vepamusoro vehurumende, nekuti mugariwo zvake aisakwanisa kana kurota mota iyi.