Takatadza papi?

Fizikisi yakazviwana pachayo mune isingafadzi impase. Kunyangwe iine yayo Standard Model, ichangobva kuwedzerwa neHiggs particle, kufambira mberi kwese uku hakuna kuita zvishoma kutsanangura zvakavanzika zvemazuva ano, simba rakasviba, rima, giravhiti, nyaya-antimatter asymmetry, uye kunyange neutrino oscillations.

Roberto Unger naLee Smolin

Lee Smolin, nyanzvi yefizikisi ine mukurumbira yave ichitaurwa kwemakore semumwe wevakada kukwikwidza muNobel Prize, ichangobva kuburitswa pamwe nemuzivi. Roberto Ungerem, bhuku rinonzi “The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time.” Mariri, vanyori vanoongorora, mumwe nomumwe kubva pakuona kwechirango chavo, kuvhiringidzika kwefizikiki yemazuva ano. "Sayenzi inokundikana kana ichisiya nzvimbo yekuongorora uye kurambwa," vanonyora kudaro. Vanodaidza vefizikisi kuti vadzokere kumashure munguva uye kutsvaga mavambo matsva.

Zvavanopa ndezvechokwadi. Smolin naUnger, semuenzaniso, vanoda kuti tidzokere kune iyo pfungwa Chadenga chimwe. Chikonzero chiri nyore - tinongosangana nechadenga chimwe chete, uye chimwe chazvo chinogona kuongororwa nesainzi, nepo zvirevo zvekuvepo kwehuwandu hwazvo hazvigone kuedzwa.. Imwe fungidziro iyo Smolin naUnger vanokurudzira kugamuchira ndeiyi inotevera. chokwadi chenguvakuitira kuti usape vadzidzisi vedzidziso mukana wekupukunyuka kubva kune chaiyo yechokwadi nekushandurwa kwayo. Uye pakupedzisira, vanyori vanodaidzira kudzikamisa kunakidzwa nemasvomhu, ayo mune ayo "akanaka" uye anoyevedza mamodheru akarambwa kubva kune chaiyo ine ruzivo uye inogoneka nyika. tarisa experimentally.

Ndiani anoziva "masvomhu akanaka" dzidziso yetambo, wekupedzisira anonzwisisa nyore kutsoropodza kwake mune zviri pamusoro apa. Zvisinei, dambudziko racho rinowedzera. Kutaura kwakawanda uye zvinyorwa nhasi zvinotenda kuti fizikisi yasvika kumagumo. Tinofanira kunge takakanganisa pane imwe nzvimbo munzira, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanobvuma.

Saka Smolin naUnger havasi voga. Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura muNature George Ellis i Joseph Silk akabudisa nyaya pamusoro kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwefizikisinokutsoropodza avo vanowedzera kuda kumbosuduruka kutozosvikira pakuedza kusingagumi kwe“mangwana” kuti vaedze dzidziso dzakasiana-siana dze“fashoni” dzecosmology. Vanofanira kuonekwa ne "kunaka kwakakwana" uye kukosha kwekutsanangura. “Izvi zvinoputsa gamuchidzanwa resayenzi ramazana amakore, maererano naro zivo yesayenzi iri zivo. empirically yakasimbiswa- masayendisiti anoyeuchidza. Chokwadi chinoratidza zvakajeka "yeedzo yakafa yekupedzisira" yefizikisi yemazuva ano.. Dzidziso dzazvino pamusoro pemasikirwo uye chimiro chenyika neChadenga, sekutonga, hazvigone kusimbiswa nekuedza kunowanikwa kuvanhu.

Supersymmetric particle analogues - kuona

Mushure mekuwana iyo Higgs boson, masayendisiti "awana" standard model. Nekudaro, nyika yefizikisi iri kure nekugutsikana. Isu tinoziva nezvese quarks uye leptons, asi isu hatizive nzira yekuyananisa izvi nedzidziso yaEinstein yegiravhiti. Isu hatizive nzira yekubatanidza quantum mechanics negiravhiti kugadzira dzidziso yakabatana yequantum gravity. Isu hatizivewo kuti Big Bang yaive yei (kana kuti yakanyatsoitika).

Parizvino, ngatizvidaidze mainfizikisi, ivo vanoona nhanho inotevera mushure meiyo Standard Model mukati supersymmetry (SUSY), iyo inofanotaura kuti chese chepakutanga chinozivikanwa kwatiri chine symmetrical "mudiwa". Izvi zvinopeta nekaviri nhamba yese yezvivharo zvematter, asi dzidziso inokwana zvakakwana muyemasvomhu equation uye, zvakakosha, inopa mukana wekuburitsa chakavanzika che cosmic rima nyaya. Chakanga chasara kwaive kumirira mhedzisiro yekuedza paLarge Hadron Collider, iyo yaizosimbisa kuvepo kwe supersymmetric particles.

Zvisinei, hapana chati chambonzwa kubva kuGeneva nezvezviwanikwa zvakadaro. Kana pasina chinhu chitsva chinobuda muongororo yeLHC, vazhinji vefizikisi vanotenda kuti supersymmetric theories dzinofanira kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, senge. superstringiyo yakavakirwa pane supersymmetry. Kune masayendisiti akagadzirira kuidzivirira, kunyangwe ikasawana humbowo hwekuyedza, nekuti dzidziso yeSUSA "yakanyanya kunaka kuti isave yechokwadi." Kana zvichidikanwa, vanovavarira kuongorora zvakare maequation avo kuratidza kuti masasi esupersymmetric particles ari kunze kweiyo LHC.

Anomaly pagan anomaly

Maonero - zviri nyore kutaura! Zvisinei, apo, semuenzaniso, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzinokwanisa kuisa muon muorbit yakatenderedza proton, uye proton “inozvimba,” ipapo zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvinotanga kuitika kufizikisi yatinoziva. Iyo inorema vhezheni yeatomu yehydrogen inogadzirwa uye zvinozoitika kuti nucleus, i.e. proton muatomu yakadaro yakakura (kureva ine radius yakakura) pane "regular" proton.

Fizikisi sezvatinoziva haigone kutsanangura chiitiko ichi. Muon, lepton inotsiva erekitironi muatomu, inofanira kuita seerekitironi—uye inozviita, asi nei kuchinja uku kuchikanganisa ukuru hwepurotoni? Vefizikisi havanzwisise izvi. Pamwe vaigona kuzvipedza, asi...mira kweminiti. Saizi yeproton ine hukama neazvino dzidziso dzemuviri, kunyanya iyo Standard Model. Mafungiro atanga kuburitsa kudyidzana kusingatsananguriki uku rudzi rutsva rwekudyidzana kwakakosha. Zvisinei, pari zvino aya angori fungidziro. Vari munzira, zviedzo zvakaitwa nemaatomu edeuterium, vachitenda kuti neutron iri munucleus inogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro. Mapurotoni acho aive akakura aine muons akaatenderedza kupfuura nemaerekitironi.

Kumwe kutsva kusinganzwisisike kwepanyama kuvepo kwakabuda kubva mukutsvagisa nemasayendisiti paTrinity College Dublin. chimiro chitsva chechiedza. Chimwe chezvakayerwa hunhu hwechiedza ndeye angular kumhanya. Kusvika ikozvino, zvaitendwa kuti mumhando dzakawanda dzechiedza angular momentum inowanda ye Planck inogara iripo. Zvichakadaro, Dr. Kyle Ballantyne uye mapurofesa Paul Eastham i John Donegan akawana chimiro chechiedza umo angular kumhanya kwephoton yega yega yakaenzana nehafu yePlanck's inogara iripo.

Kuwana uku kunoshamisa kunoratidza kuti kunyange zvinhu zvekutanga zvechiedza, zvataifunga kuti zvinogara zviripo, zvinogona kuchinjwa. Izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro chaiyo pakutsvaga muchimiro chechiedza uye ichava neanoshanda maapplication, semuenzaniso mune yakachengeteka optical communications. Kubva kuma80, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzave kushamisika kuti zvimedu zvinofamba mumativi maviri chete enzvimbo ine mativi matatu anoita sei. Vakaona kuti isu tichange tichibata nezvakawanda zvisina kujairika zviitiko, zvinosanganisira zvimedu izvo quantum values ​​zvingave zvikamu. Izvi zvave kuratidzwa kunyika. Izvi zvinonakidza kwazvo, asi zvinoreva kuti dzidziso dzakawanda dzichiri kuda kuvandudzwa. Uye uku kunongova kutanga kwekubatana nezvitsva zvakawanikwa zviri kumutsa fizikisi.

Gore rapfuura, ruzivo rwakaonekwa munhau izvo nyanzvi dzefizikisi kubva kuCornell University dzakasimbisa mukuyedza kwavo. Quantum Zeno effect - mukana wekumisa quantum system chete nekuenderera mberi nekutarisa. Iro rakatumidzwa zita remuzivi wechiGiriki wekare uyo akapokana kuti kufamba inhema dzisingagoneki muchokwadi. Kubatana pakati pemafungiro ekare nefizikisi yemazuva ano ibasa Baidyanatha Misri i George Sudarshan kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTexas, uyo akatsanangura gangaidzo iri muna 1977. David Wineland, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuAmerica uye akahwina Mubayiro weNobel mufizikisi, uyo MT akataura naye muna Mbudzi 2012, akaita ongororo yekutanga yekuongorora kweZeno effect, asi masayendisiti haana kubvumirana pakuti kuedza kwake kwakatsigira kuvapo kwechiitiko chacho.

Kuonekwa kwekuedza kweWheeler

Gore rakapera akaita zvitsva Mukund Vengalattoreuyo, pamwe chete neboka rake rekutsvagisa, vakaita ongororo murabhoritari yepamusoro yeCornell University. Vesainzi vakagadzira nekutonhodza gasi rinosvika bhiriyoni imwe yemaatomu erubidium mukamuri yekutsvaira ndokumisa huremu pakati pemalaser. Maatomu akazvironga uye akagadzira hurongwa hwelattice - aiita sekunge aive mumutumbi wecrystalline. Mumamiriro okunze anotonhora zvikuru vaigona kufamba kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nokumhanya kwakaderera zvikuru. Nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakadzicherechedza nemaikorosikopu ndokudzivhenekera nelaser imaging system kuti vadzione. Laser payakadzimwa kana kuti yakadzimwa zvakanyanya, maatomu akatungidzirwa akasununguka, asi sezvo danda relaser rakawedzera kupenya uye zviyero zvakatorwa kazhinji. mwero wekupinda wadzikira zvakanyanya.

Vengalattore akapfupisa kuedza kwake sezvizvi: "Isu tave nekwaniso yakasarudzika yekudzora quantum dynamics kuburikidza nekutarisa." Vangave "vanofunga" vanofunga, kubva kuZeno kuenda kuBerkeley, vakasekwa mu "Age of Reason" chokwadi chekuti zvinhu zviripo nekuti isu takazvitarisa?

Munguva ichangopfuura, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa uye zvisingaenderani zvinowanzoonekwa nedzidziso dzakagadzikana (sezviri pachena) mumakore. Mumwe muenzaniso unobva mukuongorora kwezvemuchadenga - mwedzi mishoma yapfuura zvakazoitika kuti Universe iri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura inozivikanwa yemhando dzemuviri dzinoratidza. Sekureva kwechinyorwa chaApril 2016 mujenari Nature, kuyerwa kwakatorwa nemasayendisiti kuJohns Hopkins University kwaive ne8% yepamusoro pane yaitarisirwa nefizikisi yemazuva ano. Masayendisiti akashandisa nzira itsva kuongororwa kweanonzi mureza makenduru, i.e. matsime emwenje anonzi akagadzikana. Zvakare, tsinhiro dzinobva kusangano resaenzi dzinokarakadza kuti iyi miuyo inoratidza chinetso chakakomba nedzidziso dzazvino uno.

Mumwe weakakurumbira mafizikisi emazuva ano, John Archibald Wheeler, yakaronga shanduro yecosmic yeyeyedzo yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo. Mukugadzirwa kwake kwepfungwa, chiedza chinobva ku quasar chiedza chemakore bhiriyoni kure chinofamba nemativi maviri akapesana egwara renzou. Kana vacherechedzi vakacherechedza imwe neimwe yenzira idzi zvakasiyana, vachaona mafotoni. Kana vari vaviri kamwechete, vachaona mafungu. Saka Sam chiito chekucherechedza chinoshandura chimiro chechiedzaiyo yakasiya quasar bhiriyoni makore apfuura.

Maererano naWheeler, zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidza kuti chisiko chapose pose hachigoni kuvapo nenzira inooneka, kunyange kwete nenzira yatajaira kunzwisisa nayo “chimiro chomuviri.” Izvi hazvigone kuitika munguva yakapfuura, kusvikira ... takatora chiyero. Nokudaro, chimiro chedu chemazuva ano chinokanganisa zvekare. Saka, nekucherechedza kwedu, zviwanikwa uye zviyero, tinogadzirisa zviitiko zvekare, shure munguva, kusvika ... kutanga kweNyika!

Hologram resolution inopera

Black hole physics inoratidzika kunge inoratidza, sezvingangoita mamwe masvomhu anoratidza, kuti chadenga hachisi icho chatinoudzwa nenjere dzedu, ndiko kuti, matatu-dimensional (yechina dimension-nguva-inotaurirwa nepfungwa). Chokwadi chakatipoteredza chingava hologram - fungidziro yezvakaita maviri-dimensional, ndege iri kure. Kana mufananidzo weChisiko chapose pose wakarurama, fungidziro yechimiro chemativi matatu enguva yechadenga inogona kubviswa kana zvishandiso zvekutsvagisa zvatiinazvo zvave kunyatsonzwisisa. Craig Hogan, purofesa wefizikisi weFermilab uyo akapedza makore akawanda achifunda chimiro chikuru cheChisiko Chapose pose, anokarakadza kuti uyu mwero uchangobva kusvikwa. Kana Universe iri hologram, tinogona kunge tasvika pamiganho yekugadziriswa kwechokwadi. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakasimudzira pfungwa inokatyamadza yekuti nzvimbo-nguva yatinogara haisi kuzoenderera mberi, asi, semufananidzo uri mumufananidzo wedhijitari, uri padanho rayo rekutanga rinoumbwa nemhando ye "zviyo" kana "pixel." Kana izvi zviri izvo, chokwadi chedu chinofanira kuve nerumwe rudzi rwe “chisarudzo” chekupedzisira. Aya ndiwo madudziro evamwe vaongorori "ruzha" rwakaonekwa mumhedzisiro yeGeo600 gravitational wave detector makore akati wandei apfuura.

Kuti vaedze iyi fungidziro isina kujairika, Craig Hogan nechikwata chake vakagadzira interferometer yepasi rose, inonzi. Hogan holometeriyo inofanira kutipa kuyerwa kwakanyatso kujeka kwechinhu chaicho chenguva-yenguva. Chiyedzo, chakanzi Fermilab E-990, hachisi chimwe chezvimwe zvakawanda. Yakagadzirirwa kuratidza huwandu hwenzvimbo pachayo uye kuvapo kweinonzi nesainzi "holographic ruzha." Iyo holometer ine maviri padivi-ne-parutivi interferometers anotumira one-kilowati laser matanda kune mudziyo unoapatsanura kuita maviri perpendicular 40-mita matanda. Izvo zvinoratidzwa uye zvinodzokera kunzvimbo yekuparadzanisa, zvichigadzira kushanduka mukupenya kwechiedza chechiedza. Kana vakakonzera kumwe kufamba mumudziyo wekuparadzanisa, izvi zvichava humbowo hwekudedera kwenzvimbo pachayo.

Kubva pakuona kwehuwandu hwefizikisi, inogona kubuda pasina chikonzero. chero nhamba yenyika. Takazviwana tiri mune iyi chaiyo, iyo yaifanira kusangana nemamiriro akati wandei asina kujeka kuti munhu agare mairi. Tozotaura nezvazvo anthropic nyika. Kune mutendi, imwe anthropic Universe yakasikwa naMwari yakakwana. Maonero epasirese ekuda zvinhu haabvume izvi uye anofungidzira kuti kune akawanda mapasirese kana kuti chadenga chiripo chingori nhanho mukushanduka kusingagumi kwezvakasiyana-siyana.

Munyori weshanduro yemazuva ano Hypotheses of the Universe semuenzaniso (pfungwa ine hukama nehologram) inyanzvi Niklas Bostrum. Inotaura kuti chokwadi chatinoona chinongova chekufananidza chatisingazive. Musayendisiti akataura kuti kana zvaikwanisika kugadzira yakavimbika yekufananidza yebudiriro yese kana kunyangwe chadenga chese uchishandisa komputa ine simba rakakwana, uye vanhu vakafananidzirwa vanogona kuziva, zvinokwanisika kuti paizova nenhamba huru yezvisikwa zvakadaro. . simulations dzakagadzirwa nebudiriro yepamberi - uye isu tinogara mune imwe yadzo, zvakada kufanana neThe Matrix.

Nguva haiperi

Saka pamwe inguva yekutyora paradigms? Debunking yavo hachisi chinhu chitsva munhoroondo yesainzi nefizikisi. Mushure mezvose, zvaive zvichikwanisika kupidigura geocentrism, iyo pfungwa yenzvimbo senzvimbo isingaite uye nguva yepasirese, kubva pakutenda kuti Universe yakamira, kubva pakutenda kwehutsinye hwekuyera ...

Local paradigm haachisiri kunyatsoziva, asi akafawo. Erwin Schrödinger uye vamwe vagadziri ve quantum mechanics vakacherekedza kuti chiitiko chekuyera chisati chaitwa, fotoni yedu, senge katsi yakakurumbira yakaiswa mubhokisi, haisati iri mune imwe nyika, ichive yakasarudzika yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka panguva imwe chete. Chii chingaitika kana tikaisa mafotoni maviri akavharirwa kure kure uye toongorora nyika dzawo zvakasiyana? Isu tave kuziva kuti kana photon A ikaita yakatwasuka polarized, ipapo photon B inofanirwa kuve yakamira yakatwasuka, kunyangwe isu taiisa bhirioni yechiedza makore apfuura. Zvose zviri zviviri hazvina mamiriro chaiwo asati ayera, asi mushure mokuvhura rimwe remabhokisi, rimwe racho rinobva "kuziva" kuti rinofanira kutora pfuma ipi. Zvinouya kune imwe mhando yekukurukurirana kunoshamisa kunoitika kunze kwenguva nenzvimbo. Zvinoenderana neiyo nyowani entanglement dzidziso, nzvimbo haisisiri yechokwadi, uye maviri anoita seakaparadzana masisitimu anogona kuita senge hurongwa hwekubatanidza husingatarisire zvinhu zvakaita sechinhambwe.

Sezvo sainzi inobata neakasiyana maparadigms, wadii kuparadza maonero akasimbiswa anopfuurira mupfungwa dzefizikisi uye anodzokororwa mumadenderedzwa ekutsvagisa? Zvichida ichave yambotaurwa supersymmetry, pamwe kutenda mukuvapo kwerima simba uye nyaya, kana pamwe pfungwa yeBig Bang uye kuwedzera kweNyika?

Kusvikira zvino, maonero akapararira ndeokuti chadenga chiri kuwedzera nokukurumidza zvikuru uye sezvingabvira zvichadaro nokusingagumi. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakacherechedza kuti dzidziso yekuwedzera kusingaperi kwepasi rose, uye kunyanya mhedziso yayo yokuti nguva haiperi, inokonzera dambudziko pakuverenga mukana wekuti chiitiko chiitike. Mamwe masayendisiti anopokana kuti nguva ingangopera nekuda kweimwe mhando yenjodzi mumakore 5 bhiriyoni anotevera.

physics Rafael Busso kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia uye vaaishanda navo vakaburitsa chinyorwa pane portal arXiv.org ichitsanangura kuti mune zvakasikwa zvisingaperi, kunyangwe zviitiko zvinoshamisa kwazvo zvichaitika munguva pfupi kana gare gare - uye nekuwedzera zvichaitika. nhamba isingaperi yenguva. Sezvo mukana uchitsanangurwa maererano nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezviitiko, nekusingaperi hapana chikonzero chekutsanangura chero zvingangoitika sezvo chiitiko chega chega chingave chakaenzana. "Kukwira kwemitengo kusingagumi kune mhedzisiro yakakura," anonyora Bousso. "Chero chiitiko chine mukana usiri zero kuti chiitike chichaitika kakawanda, kazhinji munzvimbo dziri kure dzisina kumbosangana." Izvi zvinoderedza hwaro hwezvingangoitika zvokufungidzira mukuedza kwomunzvimbomo: kana nhamba isingagumi yevacherekedzi Muchadenga yose ikahwina rotari, ipapo pahwaroi hwatinogona kutaura kuti kuhwina rotari hakubviri? Zvechokwadi, kunewo nhamba isingagumi yevasingakundi, asi mupfungwa ipi kune vakawanda vavo?

Imwe mhinduro kudambudziko iri, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzinotsanangura, kufunga kuti nguva ichapera. Ipapo pachava nenhamba inogumira yezviitiko, uye zvisingafungidzirwe zvichaitika zvishoma pane zvingangoitika.

Iyi nguva "yekucheka" inotsanangura seti yezvimwe zviitiko zvinotenderwa. Saka nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakaedza kuverenga mukana wekuti nguva yaizopera. Nzira shanu dzakasiyana dzekupedza nguva dzinopihwa. Muzviitiko zviviri, pane mukana we50 muzana wekuti izvi zvichaitika mumakore 3,7 bhiriyoni. Vamwe vaviri vane mukana we50% mumakore 3,3 bhiriyoni. Muchiitiko chechishanu, pane nguva shoma yasara (Planck nguva). Nehupamhi hwepamusoro, angave ari mu ... yechipiri inotevera.

Hazvina kushanda here?

Neraki, maverengero aya anofanotaura kuti vazhinji vanocherekedza vanonzi Boltzmann Vana, vanobuda kubva mumhirizhonga yekushanduka kwehuwandu mukutanga Universe. Sezvo vazhinji vedu tisiri, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakaramba chiitiko ichi.

"Muganho unogona kuonekwa sechinhu chine maitiro emuviri, kusanganisira tembiricha," vanyori vanonyora mupepa ravo. "Mushure mekusangana nekuguma kwenguva, nyaya ichasvika thermodynamic equilibrium nechepamusoro. Izvi zvakafanana netsanangudzo yemuoni wekunze yenyaya inowira mugomba dema."

Cosmic inflation uye zvakasiyana-siyana

Pfungwa yekutanga ndeyekuti Chadenga chiri kuramba chichiwedzera kusvika pakusingagumiinova mhedzisiro yedzidziso huru yehukama uye inosimbiswa zvakanaka nedata rekuyedza. Yechipiri fungidziro ndeyekuti mukana unobva pa hukama hwechiitiko frequency. Chekupedzisira, fungidziro yechitatu ndeyekuti kana spacetime isingaperi, saka nzira chete yekuona mukana wechiitiko kudzikamisa pfungwa dzako. finite subset ye infinite multiverse.

Izvi zvine musoro here?

Nharo dzeSmolin naUnger, dzinoumba hwaro hwechinyorwa chino, dzinoratidza kuti isu tinogona kungo edza kuongorora zvakasikwa zvedu, tichiramba pfungwa yezvakasiyana. Zvichakadaro, ongororo yedata yakaunganidzwa neTeresikopu yemuchadenga yePlanck yakaratidza kuvapo kwezvisizvo zvingaratidza kudyidzana kwenguva refu pakati pechadenga chedu nechimwe. Saka kungoona uye kuedza kunonongedzera kune zvimwe zvisikwa.

Anomalies yakawanikwa nePlack Observatory

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzave kufungidzira kuti kana paine chinhu chinonzi Multiverse, uye zvese zvinoumba universes zvakamuka kubva kune imwe Big Bang, zvinogona kunge zvakaitika pakati pavo. kurwisana. Zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yechikwata chePlanck Observatory, kudhumhana uku kunenge kwakada kufanana nekudhumhana kwemapupu maviri esipo, zvichisiya maronda ekunze kwepasirese angangoonekwa seanomalies mukugovera kwemwaranzi yecosmic microwave. Sezvineiwo, zviratidzo zvakanyorwa neTeresikopu yePlanck zvinoita sezvinoratidza kuti chimwe Chadenga chiri pedyo nesu chakasiyana zvikuru neyedu, nokuti musiyano uripo pakati penhamba yezvikamu zvesubatomic (baryons) uye mafotoni mairi zvinogona kutopfuura kagumi “Pano” . . Izvi zvingareva kuti misimboti yepasi pano inogona kunge yakasiyana nezvatinoziva.

Iwo akaonekwa masaini angangove kubva kunguva yekutanga yeUniverse - inodaidzwa recombinationapo mapurotoni nemaerekitironi zvakatanga kusangana pamwechete kuita maatomu ehydrogen (mukana wechiratidzo unobva kunzvimbo dziri pedyo ungangoita 30%). Kuvapo kwezviratidzo izvi kunogona kuratidza kuwedzera kwemaitiro ekubatanidzazve mushure mekudhumhana kweUniverse yedu neimwe, ine huwandu hwepamusoro hweiyo baryonic matter.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kupokanidzana uye, kazhinji, fungidziro chete dzedzidziso dzinoungana, mamwe masayendisiti anototadza kushivirira. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemashoko asina kujeka aNeil Turok wePerimeter Institute muWaterloo, Canada, uyo muhurukuro neNewScientist muna 2015 akagumbuka kuti “hatisi kukwanisa kunzwisisa zvatinowana.” Akawedzera kuti: “Dzidziso yacho iri kuramba ichioma uye yakaoma kunzwisisa. Isu tinokanda minda inoteedzana, zviyero uye symmetries padambudziko, kunyangwe nechipana, asi isu hatigone kutsanangura chokwadi chiri nyore. " Nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakawanda dzinoshatirwa zvakajeka neidi rokuti nzendo dzepfungwa dzevanyanzvi vemazuva ano, dzakadai sefungidziro dziri pamusoro apa kana kuti dzidziso yesuperstring, hadzina chinhu chakafanana nezviedzo zviri kuitwa iye zvino mumarabhoritari, uye hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti zvinogona kuongororwa nokuedza. .

Uyu ndiwo magumo akafa uye isu tinofanirwa kubuda mazviri, sekureva kwaSmolin neshamwari yake muzivi? Kana kuti pamwe tiri kutaura nezve kuvhiringidzika uye kuvhiringidzika kusati kwawanikwa epochal zvakatimirira munguva pfupi?

Tinokukumbira kuti uzvizive neMusoro wenyaya mu.