Torque converter, CVT, dual clutch kana single clutch mota, musiyano wei?

Audiophiles inochema zera redhijitari uye kushaikwa kwayo kwakadzika vinyl kudziya; vatsigiri vekiriketi vanoyera Twenty20 seziro yakakora, uye zvakadaro mafomu ese ekuzvidza haasi chinhu kana achienzaniswa nekusemwa kwevanofarira kutyaira vanoona senge kuenderera mberi kune otomatiki kutapurirana kutonga.

Hazvina basa kuti vatyairi veFormula One vanoita nemapedali maviri uye vashoma vanochinjika, vatyairi vanotyairwa nemaoko vanopokana kuti hupenyu hahuna zvahunoreva pasina machira uye kutamba kwemakumbo.

Chokwadi, zvakadaro, ndechekuti ruzhinji rwevatengi vemotokari vanofara kuisa magiya mabhokisi avo muD yeDo Diki, uye nekudaro mashifter otomatiki asvika pese pese, neFederal Chamber of the Automotive Industry (FCAI) ichiti otomatiki inotsanangura pamusoro. 70 muzana yemotokari itsva dzinotengeswa muAustralia.

Kutaura chokwadi, zvinoshamisa kuti nhamba iyi haina kukwira kana iwe uchifunga kuti isingasviki 4% yemotokari dzinotengeswa muUS dzine manyorero ekufambisa.

Iwe haugone kana kutenga Ferrari itsva, Lamborghini kana Nissan GT-R ine bhuku rekufambisa.

Izvi hazvisi nekuda kweusimbe chete, asi zvakare nekuti pakutanga kwemireniyamu, otomatiki transmissions yakawedzera uye yakawedzera kukwana uye ine mari, ichisiya iyo yemanyorero sarudzo kune purists nevarombo.

Uye nharo yekuti haugone kutora chikamu mukutyaira pasina chinja inopera mazuva ese kana iwe uchifunga kuti haugone kutenga Ferrari nyowani, Lamborghini kana Nissan GT-R ine manyorero ekufambisa (uye kunyangwe iwo emitambo mhando Porsche). usakupe mukana).

Saka mota dzakazova sarudzo otomatiki sei uye chii chinoita kuti dzinyengetedze kuti vanhu vade kudzibhadhara?

Torque Converter

Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa sarudzo inowanikwa mune yakakurumbira Mazda lineup, pamwe neinodhura Japanese brand Lexus.

Panzvimbo pekushandisa clutch kutendeudzira torque yeinjini nekudzima kubva mubhokisi regiya, mumotokari dzechinyakare kutapurirana kwakabatana zvachose uchishandisa torque inoshandura.

Iyo torque inoshandura otomatiki ine mukana wakasiyana weiyo yakakwira torque pane yakaderera revs.

Iyi zvishoma yakaoma engineering mhinduro inosundira mvura yakatenderedza yakavharwa imba nerubatsiro rweinonzi "impeller". Iyo fluid inotyaira turbine kune rimwe divi reimba, iyo inoendesa drive kune gearbox.

Iyo torque inoshandura otomatiki ine mukana wakasiyana weyakawanda torque payakaderera revs, iyo yakanakira kukurumidza kubva pakumira uye kupfuura. Kumhanyisa kubva pakumira kwakatsetseka, sekuchinja kwegiya, izvo zvaisave zvakadaro nejerky yekutanga 80s-maitiro mota.

Saka unochinja sei magiya?

Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa izwi rekuti "magiya emapuraneti" ipapo, iro rinonzwika rakakura, asi rinongoreva magiya akarongedzerwa kune rimwe nerimwe, semwedzi inotenderera nyika. Nekuchinja kuti ndeapi magiya anotenderera kune vamwe, komputa yekufambisa inogona kushandura giya reshiyo uye kupa zano magiya akakodzera kumhanyisa kana kufamba.

Rimwe rematambudziko echinyakare ane torque converters anga ari ekuti haana kunyatso shanda nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechakananga mechanicha yekubatanidza pakati peinopinza uye inobuda shafts.

Mazuva ano "lock-up" torque converters anosanganisira mechanical clutch kuti ipe yakawedzera kubata.

Wedzera seti yemadhizaini ekudhiraivha uye emazuva ano torque anoshandura anogona kufadza zvinogutsa kunyangwe hama dzavo dzine clutch.

Single clutch gearbox

Iyo inotevera hombe yehunyanzvi nhanho yekumberi kune otomatiki kutapurirana yaive imwechete clutch system, iyo yakangoita senge bhuku rekufambisa rine mapedal maviri chete.

Iyo komputa inotora kutonga kweclutch uye inogadzirisa kumhanya kweinjini yekuchinja kwakatsetseka kwegiya.

Kana zvirinani ndiro raive zano, nekuti mukuita aya maotomatiki manyorerwo anogona kutora nguva kudzima clutch, chinja giya uye reengage, zvichiita kuti ive jerky uye inotsamwisa, senge mutyairi wemudzidzi kana kangaroo yakahwanda pasi pehood yako. . .

Iwo akanyanya kutsiviwa uye anofanirwa kudzivirirwa pakutenga kushandiswa.

Iyo BMW SMG (sequential manual transmission) yaive piyona mune iyi ndima, asi nepo vatungamiriri vehunyanzvi vaiida, vanhu vazhinji vakapengeswa nekusaziva kwayo.

Dzimwe mota dzichiri kunetseka neiyo single clutch system, senge Fiat's Dualogic transmission, asi dzakatsiviwa uye dzinofanirwa kudzivirirwa kana uchitenga mota dzakamboshandiswa.

Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)

Iyo mbiri mbiri clutch system inonzwika senge inofanirwa kunge yakanaka zvakapetwa kaviri, uye ndizvo.

Aya magiya mabhokisi epamusoro, pamwe anonyanya kushandiswa neVolkswagen neDSG yayo (Direkt-Schalt-Getriebe kana Direct Shift Gearbox), anoshandisa maviri akapatsanurwa magiya, imwe neimwe iine clutch yayo.

Mota yemazuva ano inoshanda neDCT inogona kushandura magiya mumamilliseconds chete.

Mune inomwe yekumhanyisa transmisheni system, 1-3-5-7 inenge iri pane imwe link uye 2-4-6 pane imwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iwe uchimhanyisa mugiya rechitatu, giya rechina rinogona kunge rakatosarudzwa, saka kana yave nguva yekuchinja, komputa inongoburitsa imwe clutch uye inobata imwe, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwakatsetseka. Mota yemazuva ano inoshanda neDCT inogona kushandura magiya mumamilliseconds chete.

Iyo VW system inokurumidza, asi maviri-clutch mabhokisi anoshandiswa mumotokari dzakaita seNissan GT-R, McLaren 650S uye Ferrari 488 GTB anounza zvinokatyamadza kukurumidza kuchinja nguva uye kunenge kusina kurasikirwa kwetorque pakati.

Zvakaoma sezvazvakaita kuti purist imedze, inoitawo kuti ikurumidze uye nyore kubata pane chero bhuku rekushandisa.

Kuenderera mberi Variable Transmission (CVT)

Izvi zvingaita senge yakakwana otomatiki mhinduro, asi iyo CVT inogona kutsamwisa vamwe vanhu.

Iyo CVT inoita chaizvo zvarinotaura pane iyo label. Panzvimbo pekuchinja pakati penhamba yakapihwa yemagiya akafanotemerwa, iyo CVT inogona kushandura giya reshiyo panhunzi kanenge nekusingaperi.

Fungidzira koni yetraffic yakasungirirwa paekisero, ine ekisi yechipiri isina chinhu inofambirana neyekutanga. Zvino isa elastic pane axle uye koni.

CVTs inogona kuchengetedza injini ichimhanya zvakanyanya

Kana iwe ukafambisa bhendi rerabha kumusoro nekudzika pasi petraffic cone, unozoshandura kangani ekisi isina chinhu inofanira kutenderera kuti ipedze kutenderera kumwe kwekoni. Nokufambisa bhari kumusoro uye pasi, iwe unoshandura chiyero chegiya.

Sezvo reshiyo yegiya ichigona kuchinjwa pasina kushandura magiya, maCVT anogona kuchengetedza injini ichimhanya pakakwirira.

Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iwe uchimhanyisa mumotokari ine CVT, inoita ruzha rusingaperi panzvimbo pechinyakare kumusoro uye pasi revs.

Iyo ine mari yakawanda, asi hainzwi sekunakidza sezvainofanirwa kuita injini. Zvakare, iyi ipfungwa yepurist uye vamwe vanhu havaone mutsauko zvachose kunze kwepombi yemafuta.

Saka chii chaunofanira kusarudza?

Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinopa hupfumi hwemafuta huri nani pane zvinyorwa nekuda kwesarudzo huru yegiya reshiyo. Most Chinyorwa transmissions vane matanhatu mberi magiya, kunyange zvazvo Porsche 911 inopa nomwe.

Mazuva ano dual-clutch masisitimu anoshandisa magiya manomwe, torque convert mota dzinokwira kusvika mapfumbamwe, uye maCVT anogona kugadzira ingangoita isingaperi nhamba yegiya reshiyo, zvichireva kuti ivo vanopa yakanakisa hupfumi hwemafuta.

Nekumhanyisa kwekuchinja kunovhiringa mutyairi anomhanyisa manyorero, otomatiki anogona zvakare kumhanyisa nekukurumidza.

Haisi chete Ultra-inokurumidza mbiri-clutch masisitimu; ZF's mapfumbamwe-kumhanya torque inoshandura transmission inopa shanduko inonzi "pazasi pechikumbaridzo chekuona".

Mazhinji ma automaker ari kubva kure nemanyorero ekufambisa zvachose.

Zvakafanana nemaketeni ehutungamiriri hwakazvininipisa; iyo yave inononoka, nyota, uye yekuruboshwe-inopedza sarudzo.

Mazhinji ma automaker ari kudonhedza manyorero ekufambisa zvachose, saka haisi kunyange yekutanga modhi sarudzo yekuchengetedza mashoma emari.

Zvakaoma kutenda, asi manyorero ekufambisa ekufambisa anogona kuita seasinganzwisisike retro kuvazukuru vako sezvakaita marekodhi evinyl nhasi.

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