Hunhu hweMaz 525
Funga akatangira BelAZ akatevedzana - MAZ-525.
Akatangira BelAZ akatevedzana - MAZ-525
Seri yemigodhi yekurasa rori MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Chikonzero chekuonekwa kwerori yekuchera matani makumi maviri neshanu kudiwa kwehunyanzvi hunokwanisa kuburitsa zvidhinha zvegranite kubva kumatombo ekuvakwa kwemadhamu. MAZ-25 yaivapo panguva iyoyo yakanga isina kukodzera nokuda kwechinangwa ichi nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kwekutakura. Kuderedza simba kwakaiswa pamotokari kubva pa205 kusvika ku450 hp. 300-cylinder dizeli tangi D-12A. Ekisero yekumashure, kusiyana neyekumberi, yakanyatsonamirwa pafuremu, isina zvitubu, saka hapana kuturika kwaigona kumirisana nekuvhunduka kunoitika kana rori yekurasa inotakurwa nemacubic metres matanhatu ematombo epaving (nenzira).
Kuti utore kuvhunduka kwemutoro unotakurwa, pasi yakagadzirwa kaviri, kubva pamashizha esimbi ane mubatanidzwa weoki pakati pavo. Mutoro wacho wakatamiswa zvakananga kune furemu kuburikidza nematanho matanhatu erabha. Mavhiri mahombe ane dhayamita yevhiri ye 172 centimita akashanda sechinhu chikuru chekuvhundutsa. Kuonekwa kwemotokari kwave kune shanduko dzakawanda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Kana mumuenzaniso wekutanga injini hood pachigadziko yakanga yakaenzana nehupamhi hwekabhu, yakabva yanyanya kuderera - kuchengetedza simbi. Iyo yekubata mafuta-air filter, iyo isina kukwana pasi pehood, yakaiswa pakutanga kuruboshwe, ipapo kurudyi. Zvakaitika mumakori ane guruva zvakapa mhinduro: isa mafirita maviri.
Nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemakanika aishandira dhiziri yemotokari iyi yakareba, dziviriro yakatanga kuiswa pamativi ehood (mumufananidzo uri kuruboshwe), gore rakatevera yakasiiwa. Huwandu hwema vertical body stiffeners hwakashandurwa kubva panomwe kuenda panhanhatu. Mufananidzo we chrome-plated we bison, iyo yakaiswa pahoods yekutanga MAZ-525, yakazoparadzaniswa kuva "mabhoti" maviri - aya mabhasi-reliefs akabatanidzwa kumativi evhavha, uye kunyange zvakadaro kwete nguva dzose. Parizvino, rori chete yekurasa yakasara muRussia yakaiswa sechiyeuchidzo padyo neKrasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwemotokari paBelarusian Automobile Plant, bison yakanyangarika kubva pahood, uye zvinyorwa "BelAZ" zvakaonekwa panzvimbo yayo.
Muna 1959, muZhodino, kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzira chigaro cheMAZ-525A kushanda sechikamu chechitima chemugwagwa neBelAZ-5271 tipper semi-trailer yekugadzirwa kwayo, yakagadzirirwa matani makumi mana neshanu edombo kana pasi. Zvisinei, chiitiko chacho hachina kubudirira, uye semi-trailer yakapinda munhevedzano chete muna 45 ine simba rakawanda reBelAZ-1962A. Kwapera gore mushure mekutanga kugadzirwa kwemotokari yekurasa migodhi yeMAZ-540, iyo MAZ-E-525D rori tarakita yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwayo yakakungurutswa kunze kwemagedhi eMinsk Automobile Plant. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kushanda pamwe chete ne-525-cubic-metres D-15 scraper, iyo yaikwanisa kubata chete kana kutakura zvinhu uye kutyaira kusina chinhu, uye pakuzadza muviri, pusher yakanamatirwa kumugwagwa wechitima - iyo yakafanana MAZ . -. E-189D ine ballast pane ekisero yekumashure.
Izvi zvaive zvakakodzera, sezvo kuzadza scraper kwaida 600 hp kubva patarakita, asi simba reMAZ raingova 300 hp. Zvakangodaro, kudiwa kwepusher panguva ino hakugone kutorwa sechinhu chisina kunaka, nekuti maererano nekushandiswa kwemafuta, kusevhisi scraper nemichina miviri kwainyanya kushanda kupfuura imwe - kaviri simba rakawanda. Mushure mezvose, pusher yakashanda kwete nemumwe, asi neine scrapers yakawanda panguva imwe chete, uye iyo yakakura kureba kwekutakura kutakura, iyo yakawanda scrapers imwe pusher inogona kutora, uye hukuru hwekushanda kwekushandisa kwavo.
Iyo yakanyanya kumhanya yetarakita ine scraper yakazara yakazara yaive 28 km/h. Yakanga iine zviyero zve 6730x3210x3400 mm uye wheelbase ye4000 mm, iyo iri 780 mm pasi peiyo yerori yekurasa iyo chassis yakavakirwa. Nechekuseri kweMAZ-E-525D cab, hwindi inofambiswa neinjini ine simba rekukwevera rinosvika 3500 kilograms yakaiswa kuti idzore scraper. Muna 1952, nekuda kwekuedza kweMining Institute yeAcademy of Sciences yeUkraine SSR, iyo Kharkov trolleybus depot uye Soyuznerud kuvimba, rudzi rutsva rwekufambisa rwakazvarwa. Pane chassis yeMaz-205 uye YaAZ-210E marori, uye makore maviri gare gare marori ane mavhiri emagetsi akagadzirwa pamakumi maviri neshanu matani MAZ-525.
Trolleybus paMAZ-525 racing chassis yakanga ine trolleybus yemagetsi emhando yeDK-202 ine simba rose re 172 kW, inotungamirirwa nemutungamiriri uye mana mana ekusangana eTP-18 kana TP-19 rudzi. Iwo magetsi emagetsi aifambisawo simba rekutungamirira uye kusimudza muviri. Kufambiswa kwesimba remagetsi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi kuenda kumagetsi emotokari kwaiitwa nenzira yakafanana neyakajairika trolleybuses: tambo dzakaiswa munzira yebasa ravo, iyo yakabata emagetsi ekurasira marori ane maviri edenga arches akaiswa paari. . Basa revatyairi pamichina yakadaro rakanga riri nyore pane rori dzechinyakare dzokurasa marara.
MAZ-525 marara rori: tsanangudzo
Kubudirira kwemashure ehondo yeindasitiri yeSoviet kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya mukutorwa kwemaminerari, ayo akange asisakwanise kubviswa kubva mu crankcase nemarori akajairwa ekurasa. Mushure mezvose, kukwanisa kwemitumbi yakagadzirwa nevakawanda pakutanga kwemakore gumi ekutanga mushure mehondo MAZ-205 uye YaAZ-210E yaiva 3,6 uye 8 cubic metres, pamwe chete, uye simba rekutakura harina kudarika 6 ne10 matani, uye indasitiri yemigodhi yaida rori yokurasira marara kanoda kusvika nekaviri yenhamba idzi! Kubudirira uye kugadzirwa kwemuchina wakadaro kwakaiswa kuMinsk Automobile Plant.
Basa rakaoma rakadaro rakawira pamapfudzi aBoris Lvovich Shaposhnik, musoro weramangwana weSKB MAZ yakakurumbira, uko kwakagadzirwa ma-multi-axle missile carriers; panguva iyoyo akanga atoshanda semugadziri mukuru, kutanga paZIS, uyezve paNovosibirsk Automobile Plant, kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 1945, asi kunyange asati atumira basa, akaendeswa kune rimwe dhipatimendi. Shaposhnik akasvika paMinsk Automobile Plant pamwe chete nevamwe vagadziri veNovosibirsk munaNovember 1949, vachitora chinzvimbo chemukuru weiyo plant's design Bureau (KEO). Chinhu chakataurwa chaiva ramangwana MAZ-525 quarry. Kune indasitiri yemotokari yemumba, iyi yaive mhando nyowani yerori yekurasa - hapana chakadai chaive chambogadzirwa munyika medu! Uye zvakadaro
(inotakura matani 25, uremu huhombe matani 49,5, vhoriyamu yemuviri 14,3 cubic metres), yakanga ine chiverengero chakati chezvigadzikiso zvounyanzvi zvakanga zvichifambira mberi panguva iyoyo. Somuenzaniso, kekutanga munyika yedu MAZ-525 akashandisa simba chidhiraivho uye mapuraneti giya mabhokisi akavakwa mumavhiri hubs. Injini yakaunzwa kubva kuBarnaul ine 12 V-yakaita masilinda yakagadzira 300 hp, iyo clutch yaive kaviri-dhisiki uye yakasanganiswa neiyo hydraulic clutch yaidzivirira kutapurirana, uye dhayamita yemavhiri yakada kudarika kureba kwemunhu mukuru!
Zvechokwadi, nemaitiro emazuva ano, simba rekutanga reSoviet mining dump rori MAZ-525 harinakidzi: marori akajairwa emarara ari kugadzirwa iye zvino, akagadzirirwa kutyaira mumigwagwa yeruzhinji, anotakura zvinhu zvakaenzana. Nezviyero zvepakati pezana ramakore rapfuura, kutamiswa kweanopfuura 14 "cubes" mune imwe ndege kwakaonekwa sekubudirira kukuru! Kuenzanisa: panguva iyoyo, iyo YaAZ-210E, hombe yepamusha yekurasa rori, yakanga ine vhoriyamu yemuviri yaive "cubes" matanhatu zvishoma.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemazhinji muna 1951, shanduko dzakati wandei dzakaitwa pakuonekwa kwegori: iyo semi-denderedzwa radiator lining yakatsiviwa neimwe rectangular, hupamhi hwehood hwakaderedzwa padanho rekubatana kwayo necab. , uye njanji dzekuchengetedza madiki pamafenda emberi dzakabviswa. Zvinonakidza kuti muna 1954 rori yakagadziridzwa yakaonekwa ine injini mbiri dzetrolleybus dzakaiswa pasi pehood ine simba rose re 234 hp uye pantograph yakaiswa padenga rekateti. Kunyange zvazvo kukura uku kwakanga kusati kwave kwakafanana, kwakaratidzika kunokosha zvikuru: 39-litita dizeli yemuenzaniso wakajairika yakanga yakashata, ichidya 135 malita emafuta edhiziri pamakiromita zana kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.
Pakazara, anopfuura 1959 MAZ-800s akagadzirwa paMinsk Automobile Plant kusvika 525, mushure mezvo kugadzirwa kwavo kwakaendeswa kuguta reZhodino kune ichangobva kuvhurwa yeBelarusian Automobile Plant.
Yakava BelAZ
Icho chirimwa, icho nhasi chinogadzira hofori emarara marori, haana kubva kubva pakutanga: yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweZhodino Mechanical Plant, iyo yakagadzira mugwagwa uye mota dzekubuda. Chisarudzo cheCentral Committee yeCPSU neKanzuru yeMakurukota eUSSR pakuchinja zita rayo kuita Belarusian Automobile Plant yakaitwa musi waApril 17, 1958. MunaAugust, Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, uyo akamboshanda semutevedzeri wemukuru weMAZ, akazova muparidzi wekambani ichangobva kuumbwa.
Boka rinotungamirirwa naye rakapiwa basa rekuronga kwete chete kuronga kukurumidza kugadzirwa kweMAZ-525 inodiwa munyika, asiwo kugadzira mutsara wegungano weiyi - marori ekuchera migodhi achishandisa muchina wakadaro haasati agadzirwa nemumwe munhu. nyika kare.
Yokutanga Zhodino MAZ-525 kubva muzvikamu zvakapiwa naMinsk yakaungana musi waNovember 1, 1958, uye izvi pasinei nokuti zvidimbu zvakawanda zvemichina zvakanga zvisati zvashandiswa. Asi muna Gumiguru 1960, mushure mekugadzirisa mutsara wekutakura, yakatanga kugadzirwa kwayo kwemichina uye welding, uye yakazivawo kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvikuru uye magungano, Belarusian Automobile Plant yakapa zviuru zveMAZ-525 kune vatengi.
Rori yekutanga yekurasa migodhi yemumba yakave hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwematirakita erori pahwaro hwayo. Kutanga, muna 1952, MAZ-E-525D yakaonekwa, yakagadzirirwa kukwevera 15-cc D-189 scraper, uye nechekare Belarusian Automobile Plant yakaedza neMAZ-525, inokwanisa kukwevera semi-trailer imwe-axle dump. turera - turera yakagadzirirwa kutakura kusvika matani makumi mana emitoro yakawanda. Asi hapana kana imwe kana imwe yaishandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya nekuda kwesimba risina kukwana injini (somuenzaniso, pakudurura muviri, kunyange scraper yaifanirwa kusundidzirwa nemotokari yepusher, iyo MAZ-40 imwechete ine ballast yakasungirirwa mumapuranga. ) Rori yekurasira marara yaive nezvakati wandei zvakakosha. Chekutanga, ine over-engineered, yakawandisa simbi, isingashande kutapurirana, yakaderera kumhanya uye hapana kumiswa ekisero yekumashure. Nokudaro, kare muna 525, vagadziri veBelarusian Automobile Plant vakatanga kugadzira rori itsva yeBelAZ-1960 yekuchera migodhi, iyo yakava tateguru wemhuri huru yeZhodino hofori motokari pasi peBelAZ brand. Akatsiva MAZ-540 pamutakuri, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakaderedzwa muna 525.
