Hunhu hwemafuta einjini
Zviri mukati
Hunhu hwemafuta einjini ratidza maitiro emafuta mune akasiyana tembiricha uye mutoro mamiriro, uye nekudaro kubatsira muridzi wemota kunyatso sarudza mvura yekuzora yeinjini yekupisa yemukati. Saka, pakusarudza, zvakakosha kuterera kwete chete kumaka (kureva, viscosity uye kushivirira kwevagadziri vemotokari), asiwo hunyanzvi hunhu hwemafuta emota, senge kinematic uye ine simba viscosity, base nhamba, sulfate ash yemukati. , kusagadzikana uye nezvimwe. Kune vazhinji varidzi vemotokari, zviratidzo izvi hazvitauri chinhu zvachose. A Muchokwadi, vanovanza mhando yemafuta, maitiro ayo ari pasi pemutoro uye imwe data inoshanda.
Saka, iwe uchadzidza zvakadzama nezve anotevera paramita:
- Kinematic viscosity;
- Dynamic viscosity;
- Viscosity index;
- volatility;
- coking capacity;
- sulfate ash content;
- alkaline number;
- Density;
- Flash point;
- pour point;
- Additives;
- Nguva yehupenyu.
Hunhu hukuru hwemafuta emota
Iye zvino ngatiendererei kune emuviri uye kemikari paramita inotaridza ese maoiri einjini.
Viscosity ndiyo pfuma huru, nekuda kwekuti kugona kushandisa chigadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzekupisa kwemukati kunotemwa. Inogona kuratidzwa muzvikamu zve kinematic, dynamic, conditional uye chaiyo viscosity. Iyo dhigirii ye ductility yemotokari zvinhu inotarwa nezviratidzo zviviri - kinematic uye dynamic viscosities. Aya ma paramita, pamwe chete ne sulfate ash yemukati, base nhamba uye viscosity index, ndiyo huru zviratidzo zvemhando yemafuta emota.
Kinematic viscosity
Girafu yekutsamira kwe viscosity pane injini tembiricha yemafuta
Kinematic viscosity (yakakwirira tembiricha) ndiyo yekutanga inoshanda parameter kune ese marudzi emafuta. Ndiyo reshiyo ye dynamic viscosity kune density yemvura patembiricha imwe chete. Kinematic viscosity haikanganisi mamiriro emafuta, inosarudza maitiro e data yekushisa. chiratidzo ichi chinoratidza kupesana kwemukati kwekuumbwa kana kushorwa kwayo nekuyerera kwayo. Inotsanangura kuyerera kwemafuta pakudziya kwekushanda kwe +100°C uye +40°C. Zviyero zvekuyera - mm² / s (centiStokes, cSt).
Nemashoko akareruka, chiratidzo ichi chinoratidza viscosity yemafuta kubva kune tembiricha uye inobvumidza iwe kuti ufungidzire kuti inokurumidza sei kukora kana tembiricha yadonha. Shure kwezvose iyo shoma iyo mafuta inoshandura viscosity yayo nekuchinja kwekushisa, inowedzera kunaka kwemafuta.
Dynamic viscosity
Iyo inoshanduka viscosity yemafuta (absolute) inoratidza simba rekudzivirira remvura ine mafuta inoitika panguva yekufamba kwezvikamu zviviri zveoiri, 1 cm kubva kune imwe neimwe, ichifamba nekumhanya kwe1 cm / s. Dynamic viscosity ndicho chigadzirwa che kinematic viscosity yemafuta uye kuwanda kwayo. Iwo mauniti ehukoshi uhwu ndiPascal masekondi.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inoratidza mhedzisiro yekushisa kwakadzika pane yekutanga kuramba kweinjini yekupisa yemukati. Uye iyo yakadzika iyo inoshanduka uye kinematic viscosity pakudziya kwakadzika, zvichave nyore kune iyo lubrication system kupomba mafuta mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuti mutangi atendeuke ICE flywheel panguva yekutonhora kwekutanga. Iyo viscosity index yemafuta einjini zvakare yakakosha zvikuru.
Viscosity indekisi
Mwero wekuderera kwe kinematic viscosity nekuwedzera tembiricha inoratidzirwa viscosity index mafuta. Iyo viscosity index inoongorora kukodzera kwemafuta kune yakapihwa mamiriro ekushanda. kuti uone iyo viscosity index, enzanisa viscosity yemafuta pane tembiricha dzakasiyana. Iyo yakakwirira iyo, zvishoma iyo viscosity inoenderana nekushisa, uye saka zviri nani kunaka kwayo. Muchidimbu, Iyo viscosity index inoratidza "chidimbu chekuonda" kwemafuta.. Ichi chiverengero chisina dimensionless, i.e. haina kuyerwa mune chero mayuniti - ingori nhamba.
Iyo yakaderera index injini mafuta viscosity zvakanyanya kuonda mafuta, i.e. kuwanda kwefirimu yemafuta kunova kudiki kwazvo (nekuda kwekuti kune kuwedzera kupfeka). Iyo yakakwirira index injini yemafuta viscosity, mafuta mashoma matete, i.e. hupamhi hwefirimu yemafuta inodiwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekupukuta inopiwa.
Mafuta ane index yakakwira anovimbisa kushanda kweinjini yekupisa mukati mune yakakura tembiricha renji (zvakatipoteredza). Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutanga kuri nyore kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati mukupisa kwakadzika uye kukora kwakakwana kwefirimu remafuta (uye nokudaro kuchengetedzwa kweinjini yekupisa mukati kubva mukupfeka) pakupisa kwakanyanya kunopiwa.
Yepamusoro-mhando yemamineral mota oiri kazhinji ine viscosity index ye120-140, semi-synthetic 130-150, synthetic 140-170. Kukosha uku kunoenderana nekushandiswa mukuumbwa kwemahydrocarbons uye kudzika kwekurapa kwezvikamu.
Chiyero chinodiwa pano, uye pakusarudza, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinodiwa zvemugadziri wemota uye mamiriro eiyo simba unit. Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira iyo viscosity index, yakawedzera tembiricha iyo iyo mafuta inogona kushandiswa.
Evaporation
Evaporation (inonziwo volatility kana tsvina) inoratidza huwandu hwehuwandu hwemafuta ekuzora akaputika mukati meawa imwe pakupisa kwayo kwe +245,2 ° C uye kushanda kwe 20 mm. rt. Art. (± 0,2). Inoenderana neiyo ACEA standard. Yakayerwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwehuwandu, [%]. Inoitwa uchishandisa yakakosha Noack midziyo maererano neASTM D5800; DIN 51581.
Than yakakwirira mafuta viscosity, saka ine kuderera kwepasi maererano naNoa. Chaiyo volatility kukosha zvinoenderana nerudzi rweoiri yepasi, i.e. yakaiswa nemugadziri. Zvinotendwa kuti kushanduka kwakanaka kuri munharaunda kusvika ku14%, kunyange zvazvo mafuta anowanikwawo pakutengeswa, kushanduka kweiyo kunosvika 20%. Pamafuta ekugadzira, kukosha uku kazhinji hakupfuuri 8%.
Muzhinji, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo yakaderera iyo Noack volatility kukosha, iyo yakaderera yekutsva kwemafuta. Kunyange mutsauko muduku - 2,5 ... 3,5 zvikamu - zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta. Chimwe chigadzirwa che viscous chinopisa zvishoma. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune mineral oiri.
Carbonization
Mumashoko akareruka, pfungwa yekubika ndiko kukwanisa kwemafuta kuumba resin uye kuisa muhuwandu hwayo, iyo, sezvamunoziva, inokuvadza tsvina mumvura yekuzora. Coking simba zvakananga zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekucheneswa kwayo. Izvi zvinokanganiswawo neapi mafuta ekutanga akashandiswa kugadzira chigadzirwa chakapedzwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira.
Chiratidzo chepamusoro chemafuta ane chiyero chepamusoro che viscosity ndiko kukosha 0,7%. Kana iyo mafuta ine yakaderera viscosity, ipapo kukosha kunowirirana kunogona kunge kuri pakati pe 0,1 ... 0,15%.
Sulphated madota zvemukati
Sulfate ash yemukati yeinjini mafuta (sulphate ash) chiratidzo chekuvapo kwezvinowedzera mumafuta, izvo zvinosanganisira organic simbi makomisheni. Munguva yekushanda kwemafuta, zvese zvinowedzera uye zvinowedzera zvinogadzirwa - zvinopisa, zvichigadzira iyo madota (slag uye soot) inogadzika papiston, mavharuvhu, zvindori.
Sulphated ash yemukati yeoiri inodzikamisa kugona kweoiri kuunganidza madota makomisheni. Ukoshi uhwu hunoratidza kuti yakawanda sei inorganic salt (dota) inosara mushure mekupisa (evaporation) yemafuta. Inogona kuva kwete chete sulfates (ivo "vanotya" varidzi vemotokari, motokari dzine injini dzealuminium "dzinotya" sulfuric acid). Madota anoyerwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvakaumbwa, [% mass].
Kazhinji, madota anoisa clog diesel particulate mafirita uye peturu catalysts. Nekudaro, ichi ichokwadi kana paine kudyiwa kwakanyanya kwemafuta eICE. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kuvapo kwe sulfuric acid mumafuta kunonyanya kukosha kupfuura kuwedzera sulfate ash content.
Mukuumbwa kwemafuta akazara-ash, huwandu hwezvinowedzera zvakakodzera zvinogona kudarika zvishoma 1% (kusvika 1,1%), mumafuta epakati-madota - 0,6 ... 0,9%, mumafuta akaderera - kwete kupfuura 0,5% . Zvichienderana, iyo yakaderera kukosha uku, zviri nani.
Mafuta akaderera-ash, anonzi Low SAPS (akanyorwa maererano neACEA C1, C2, C3 uye C4). Ndidzo sarudzo dzakanakisa dzemotokari dzemazuva ano. Inowanzo shandiswa mumotokari ine exhaust gasi aftertreatment system uye mota dzinomhanya pagasi rechisikigo (neLPG). Iyo yakakosha madota emukati einjini dzepeturu i1,5%, yeinjini dzedhiziri i1,8%, uye kune yakakwira simba injini dzedhiziri i2%. Asi zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mafuta akadzika-madota haasi nguva dzose akaderera-sarufa, sezvo yakaderera madota inowanikwa nehuwandu hwepasi.
Yakazara madota ekuwedzera, iwo zvakare Yakazara SAPA (ine yekumaka ACEA A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4, A5 / B5). Negative kukanganisa DPF mafirita, pamwe neapo matatu-nhanho catalysts. Mafuta akadaro haakurudzirwe kushandiswa mumainjini ane Euro 4, Euro 5 uye Euro 6 yezvakatipoteredza masisitimu.
Yakakwira sulfate ash yemukati inokonzerwa nekuvapo kwe detergent additives ine simbi mukuumbwa kweinjini mafuta. Zvikamu zvakadaro zvakakosha kudzivirira kabhoni deposits uye varnish kuumbwa pamapiston uye kupa oiri kugona kuita neutralize acids, inoratidzirwa quantitatively nehwaro nhamba.
Alkaline nhamba
Ukoshi uhwu hunoratidza kuti mafuta anogona kurebesa maasidhi anokuvadza kwairi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kupfeka kwemukati mejini injini uye kuwedzera kuumbwa kweakasiyana kabhoni deposits. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) inoshandiswa kuderedza. Zvichienderana nhamba yekutanga inoyerwa mumg KOH pagiramu remafuta, [mg KOH/g]. Panyama, izvi zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwe hydroxide hwakaenzana mukuita kune yekuwedzera package. Saka, kana zvinyorwa zvichiratidza kuti nhamba yose yepasi (TBN - Total Base Number) ndeye, semuenzaniso, 7,5, saka izvi zvinoreva kuti huwandu hweKOH i7,5 mg pagiramu remafuta.
Iyo yakakwirira nhamba yehwaro, iyo yakareba iyo oiri inozokwanisa kudzikamisa kuita kweasidhi.yakaumbwa panguva yekusvibiswa kwemafuta uye kupisa kwemafuta. Ndiko kuti, zvinokwanisika kuishandisa kwenguva yakareba (kunyangwe mamwe ma parameter anokanganisa chiratidzo ichi). Low detergent properties yakashata kune mafuta, nokuti munyaya iyi dhipoziti isingadzimiki ichaumba pazvikamu.
Munguva yekushanda kweoiri muinjini yekupisa yemukati, iyo alkaline nhamba inodzikira zvisingadzivisiki, uye iyo neutralizing additives inoshandiswa kumusoro. Kuderedza kwakadaro kune miganhu inogamuchirwa, kunze kwekuti mafuta haazokwanisi kudzivirira kubva pakuora nemishonga ine acidic. Kana iri iyo yakakosha kukosha kweiyo base nhamba, yaimbotendwa kuti peturu ICEs ingangoita 8 ... 9, uye yeinjini dzedhiziri - 11 ... 14. Nekudaro, magadzirirwo emazuva ano ekuzora anowanzo ane manhamba epasi, kusvika ku7 uye kunyange 6,1 mg KOH/g. Ndokumbira utarise kuti muma ICE anhasi usashandise mafuta ane base nhamba ye14 kana kupfuura.
Iyo yakaderera base nhamba mumafuta emazuva ano inogadzirwa nehunyanzvi kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza zviripo (EURO-4 uye EURO-5). Saka, kana mafuta aya achipiswa mukati mejini inopisa, zvishoma zvesarufa inoumbwa, iyo ine simba rakanaka pahutano hwemagasi emhepo. Nekudaro, oiri ine yakaderera base nhamba kazhinji haidzivirire zvikamu zveinjini kubva pakupfeka zvakakwana.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yakakwana SC haifanirwe kugara iri iyo yakanyanya kana diki nhamba.
Density
Density inoreva kuwanda uye viscosity yemafuta einjini. Yakatemerwa pane ambient tembiricha ye +20 ° C. Inopimwa mukg/m³ (kashoma mug/cm³). Inoratidza chiyero chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechigadzirwa kusvika kuhuwandu hwayo uye zvakananga zvinoenderana neviscosity yemafuta uye compressibility factor. Iyo inotemerwa neiyo base mafuta uye base additives, uye zvakare inobata zvakanyanya iyo dynamic viscosity.
Kana iyo mafuta evaporation yakakwira, density ichawedzera. Sezvineiwo, kana mafuta aine yakaderera density, uye panguva imwechete yakakwira flash point (kureva, yakaderera volatility kukosha), zvino inogona kutongwa kuti mafuta anogadzirwa pamhando yepamusoro synthetic base mafuta.
Iyo yakakwira density, iyo yakanyanya kuwedzera iyo mafuta inopfuura nematanho ese uye mapundu mukati meinjini yekupisa mukati, uye nekuda kweizvi, kutenderera kwe crankshaft kunowedzera kuoma. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera kupfeka, madhipoziti, carbon deposits uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta. Asi iyo yakaderera density ye lubricant yakaipawo - nekuda kwayo, firimu yakaonda uye isina kugadzikana inodzivirira inoumbwa, kukurumidza kupisa kwayo. Kana iyo injini yekupisa yemukati kazhinji ichimhanya isina basa kana mukutanga-kumira modhi, saka zviri nani kushandisa isina dense dense lubricating fluid. Uye nekufamba kwenguva refu pakumhanya kwakanyanya - zvakanyanya dense.
Naizvozvo, vese vanogadzira mafuta vanoomerera kune density huwandu hwemafuta anogadzirwa navo muhuwandu hwe0,830 .... 0,88 kg / m³, uko chete yakanyanyisa mitsara inoonekwa semhando yepamusoro. Asi iyo density kubva 0,83 kusvika 0,845 kg / m³ chiratidzo che esters uye PAOs mumafuta. Uye kana density iri 0,855 ... 0,88 kg / m³, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakawandisa zvinowedzera zvakawedzerwa.
Flash point
Iyi ndiyo tembiricha yakaderera apo mhute yemafuta ejini inopisa, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inoumba musanganiswa nemhepo, iyo inoputika kana murazvo waunzwa (first flash). Pakupenya, mafuta haanawo kupisa. Iyo flash point inotarwa nekudziya injini mafuta mukapu yakavhurika kana yakavharwa.
Ichi chiratidzo chekuvapo kwezvikamu zvakaderera-zvinopisa mumafuta, izvo zvinotarisa kugona kweiyo kuumbwa kuumba kabhoni deposits uye kupisa kunze kwekusangana nezvinopisa injini zvikamu. Hunhu uye mafuta akanaka anofanirwa kunge aine flash point yakakwira sezvinobvira. Mafuta einjini emazuva ano ane mwenje unodarika +200°C, kazhinji +210…230°C zvichikwira.
Pour point
Kukosha kwekushisa muCelsius, apo mafuta anorasikirwa nemaitiro ayo emuviri, hunhu hwemvura, ndiko kuti, inotonhora, inova isingafambi. Iyo yakakosha parameter yevatyairi vanogara kuchamhembe latitudes, uye kune vamwe varidzi vemotokari vanowanzotanga injini yekupisa yemukati "inotonhora".
Kunyangwe Muchokwadi, nekuda kwezvinangwa zvinoshanda, kukosha kweiyo yekudurura haina kushandiswa. Kuratidza kushanda kwemafuta muchando, pane imwe pfungwa - shoma yekupomba tembiricha, kureva, tembiricha shoma iyo pombi yemafuta inokwanisa kupomba mafuta muhurongwa. Uye ichave yakakwira zvishoma pane yekudira poindi. Nokudaro, mune zvinyorwa zvakakodzera kubhadhara kune zvishoma zvishoma zvekupisa kupisa.
Kana iri poindi yekudira, inofanirwa kunge iri 5 ... 10 madhigirii yakaderera pane yakaderera tembiricha panoshanda injini yekupisa mukati. Inogona kuva -50 ° C ... -40 ° C uye zvichingodaro, zvichienderana nemafuta chaiwo emafuta.
Additives
Pamusoro peaya ekutanga maitiro emafuta emota, iwe unogona zvakare kuwana mimwe mibairo yekuongororwa kwerabhoritari yehuwandu hwezinc, phosphorus, boron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum uye mamwe makemikari zvinhu. Zvose izvi zvinowedzera zvinovandudza kushanda kwemafuta. Vanodzivirira kubva pakugova uye kupfeka kweinjini yekupisa yemukati, uye zvakare kuwedzera kushanda kweoiri pachayo, ichidzivirira kubva kune oxidizing kana kubata zvirinani intermolecular bond.
Sulfur - ine yakanyanya kudzvinyirira zvinhu. Phosphorus, chlorine, zinc uye sulfur - anti-wear properties (simbisa firimu remafuta). Boron, molybdenum - kuderedza friction (yekuwedzera modifier kune yakanyanya mhedzisiro yekudzikisa kupfeka, scoring uye friction).
Asi kunze kwekunatsiridza, ivo vanewo zvinhu zvinopesana. kureva kuti, ivo vanogara muchimiro chesoti muinjini yekupisa yemukati kana kupinda muiyo catalyst, kwavanounganidza. Semuenzaniso, kune injini dzedhiziri dzine DPF, SCR uye vashanduri vekuchengetedza, sarufa ndiye muvengi, uye kune vashanduri ve oxidation, muvengi ari phosphorous. Asi detergent additives (detergents) Ca neMg zvinoumba madota panguva yekupisa.
Izvo zvinodzivirira zvezvinowedzera zvinoenderana nenzira dzekugadzira uye kunaka kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, saka kuwanda kwavo hakusi nguva dzose chiratidzo chekudzivirira kwakanyanya uye kunaka. Naizvozvo, imwe neimwe automaker ine yayo painogumira pakushandisa mune imwe mota.
Upenyu hwebasa
Mumotokari zhinji, mafuta anochinja zvichienderana nemakiromita emotokari. Nekudaro, pane mamwe mabhureki ezvinwiwa zvekuzora pamagaba, zuva ravo rekupera rinoratidzwa zvakananga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuita kwemakemikari kunoitika mumafuta panguva yekushanda kwayo. Inowanzo kuratidzwa senhamba yemwedzi yekuenderera mberi kwekushanda (12, 24 uye Hupenyu Hurefu) kana nhamba yemakiromita.
Injini yemafuta parameter matafura
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana, tinopa akati wandei matafura anopa ruzivo pamusoro pekutsamira kweimwe injini yemafuta paramita pane vamwe kana pane zvekunze zvinhu. Ngatitangei neboka remafuta epasi zvinoenderana neiyo API standard (API - American Petroleum Institute). Saka, mafuta anokamurwa zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvitatu - viscosity index, sulfur content uye mass fraction ye naphthenoparaffin hydrocarbons.
| Kurongwa kwe API | I | II | III | IV | V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zvemukati zvemahydrocarbon akazara,% | > 90 | > 90 | PAO | Ethers | |
| Sulfur content,% | > 0,03 | ||||
| Viscosity indekisi | 80 ... 120 | 80 ... 120 | > 120 |
Parizvino, nhamba huru yemafuta ekuwedzera ari pamusika, iyo neimwe nzira inoshandura maitiro ayo. Semuenzaniso, zvinowedzera zvinoderedza kuwanda kwemagesi ekupedza uye kuwedzera viscosity, anti-friction additives inochenesa kana kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa. Kuti unzwisise kusiyana kwavo, zvakakosha kuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro pavo mutafura.
| Property group | Additive types | Kusarudzwa |
|---|---|---|
| Chikamu chekudzivirira kwepamusoro | Detergents (detergents) | Inodzivirira nzvimbo dzezvikamu kubva pakuumbwa kwemadhipoziti pavari |
| Dispersants | Dzivirira kuiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekupfeka zveinjini yekupisa yemukati uye kuora kwemafuta (inoderedza kuumbwa kwedhaka) | |
| Anti-kupfeka uye kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya | Deredza kukakavara uye kupfeka, kudzivirira kubata uye scuffing | |
| Anti-corrosion | Dzivirira kuora kwezvikamu zvejini | |
| Shandura zvinhu zvemafuta | Depressor | Deredza kutonhora. |
| Viscosity modifiers | Wedzera tembiricha yemhando yekushandisa, wedzera iyo viscosity index | |
| Kudzivirirwa kwemafuta | Anti-furo | Kudzivirira kuumbwa kwefuro |
| Antioxidants | Kudzivirira mafuta oxidation |
Kuchinja mamwe ejini emafuta paramita akanyorwa muchikamu chakapfuura zvinokanganisa kushanda uye mamiriro emota mukati memoto injini. Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa mutafura.
| Indicator | Maitiro | Chikonzero | Critical parameter | Chii chinokanganisa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viscosity | Ari kuwedzera | Oxidation zvigadzirwa | 1,5 nguva kuwedzera | Kutanga Properties |
| Pour point | Ari kuwedzera | Mvura uye oxidation zvigadzirwa | kwete | Kutanga Properties |
| Alkaline nhamba | Inodzikira | Detergent chiito | Deredza nekaviri | Corrosion uye kuderedzwa hupenyu hwezvikamu |
| Ash content | Ari kuwedzera | Alkaline additives | kwete | Kuonekwa kwemadhipoziti, kupfeka kwezvikamu |
| Mechanical tsvina | Ari kuwedzera | Equipment kupfeka zvigadzirwa | kwete | Kuonekwa kwemadhipoziti, kupfeka kwezvikamu |
Mitemo yekusarudza mafuta
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kusarudzwa kweimwe kana imwe injini yemafuta kunofanira kunge kwakavakirwa kwete chete pakuverenga viscosity uye kushivirira kwevagadziri vemotokari. Uye zvakare, kune zvakare matatu anosungirwa paramita anofanirwa kuverengerwa:
- lubricant properties;
- mafuta ekushanda mamiriro (ICE operating mode);
- zvimiro zvemukati injini yekupisa.
Pfungwa yekutanga inonyanya kuenderana nemhando ipi yemafuta inogadzirwa, semi-synthetic kana yakazara mineral. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti iyo lubricating fluid ine anotevera maitiro ekuita:
- High detergent dispersing-stabilizing and solubilizing properties maererano nezvinhu zvisinganyunguriki mumafuta. Izvo zvataurwa zvinokubvumira kukurumidza uye nyore nyore kuchenesa nzvimbo yezvikamu zvekushanda zvejini inopisa mukati kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosvibisa. Mukuwedzera, kuvonga kwavari, zviri nyore kuchenesa zvikamu kubva kune tsvina panguva yekuparara kwavo.
- Iko kugona kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yeasidhi, nekudaro kudzivirira kupfeka kwakanyanya kwemukati mejini injini uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwayo.
- High thermal uye thermal-oxidative properties. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti zvinyatso kutonhorera zvindori zvepiston nemapistoni.
- Low volatility, pamwe nekushomeka kwemafuta kushandiswa kwemarara.
- Kusavapo kwekugona kuumba furo mune chero mamiriro, kunyangwe mukutonhora, kunyangwe mukupisa.
- Kuenderana kwakazara nezvinhu izvo zvisimbiso zvinogadzirwa (kazhinji mafuta-resistant rubber) anoshandiswa mune gasi neutralization system, pamwe chete mune mamwe emukati anopisa injini masisitimu.
- Yepamusoro-mhando yekuzora yemukati mejini injini zvikamu mune chero, kunyangwe yakaoma, mamiriro (panguva yechando kana kupisa).
- Iko kugona kupomba kuburikidza nezvinhu zve lubrication system pasina matambudziko. Izvi hazvingopi chete chengetedzo yakavimbika yemukati mejini injini, asi zvakare inogonesa kutanga injini yekupisa yemukati mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze.
- Kusapinda mukuita kwemakemikari nesimbi uye rabha zvinhu zvemukati combustion injini panguva yayo refu downtime pasina basa.
Zviratidzo zvakanyorwa zvemhando yemafuta einjini zvinowanzoshoropodza, uye kana hunhu hwavo huri pazasi pezvakajairwa, saka izvi zvakazara nekusakwana kwemafuta ega ega ejini yekupisa kwemukati, kupfeka kwavo kwakanyanya, kupisa, uye izvi. kazhinji zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwechishandiso chezvose zviri zviviri zvikamu uye injini yekupisa yemukati yakazara .
chero mutyairi anofanirwa kutarisa nguva nenguva chiyero chemafuta einjini mu crankcase, pamwe nemamiriro ayo, sezvo zvakajairika kushanda kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati zvinoenderana neizvi. Kana iri sarudzo, inofanirwa kuitwa, ichivimba, kutanga kune zvese, pane zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri weinjini. Zvakanaka, ruzivo rwuri pamusoro pezvivakwa zvemuviri uye paramita yeoiri zvirokwazvo ichakubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo chaiyo.
