Hunhu hwekubatidza parafini KO-25
Kushanda
Iyo decoding yekududzwa kwechigadzirwa chemafuta chiri mubvunzo chiri nyore: kuvhenekesa parafini, nekureba kwemurazvo we25 mm. Nenzira, kureba kwemurazvo chiratidzo chakakosha chekukodzera kwekuvhenekesa parafini kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Saka, mamakisi anowanikwa kubva kune akareruka mafuta zvikamu anogadzirwa zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa zveGOST 11128-65, uye kubva kune zvinorema - GOST 92-50. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, parafini inonzi pyronaphth; ine flash point yakakwira zvakanyanya (kubva pa3500C) uye inoomesa nechando patembiricha yakaderera zvakakwana. Pyronaft inoshandiswa seyakasarudzika sosi yekuvhenekesa mukushanda kwepasi pevhu - migodhi, tunneling tunnel, nezvimwe.
Mukuita kwekupisa kwakavhurika, makomisheni akasiyana-siyana anoburitswa anoisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Nokudaro, nekuderera kwekukwirira kwetochi, njodzi yezvakatipoteredza yeparafini inoderera. Pasinei nekushaikwa kweruzivo rwesainzi, zvakatarwa kuti marara makuru panguva yekupiswa kweparafini ndiwo madiki madiki ezvikamu, carbon monoxide (CO), akasiyana nitrogen oxides (NOx), pamwe nesarufa dioxide (SO.2) Tsvagiridzo yeparafini inoshandiswa kubika kana kuvheneka inoratidza kuti kuburitsa kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemapapu uye kuwedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvinotapukira (kusanganisira tibhii), asima, negomarara. Naizvozvo, kusarerekera kwezvakatipoteredza kwekuvhenekesa parafini mamakisi anogadzirwa iye zvino anotsanangurwa neanotevera kutevedzana: KO-30 → KO-25 → KO-20.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubatidza parafini KO-25 inoshandiswa sehuni, ichitsiva TS-1 kana KT-2 mhando, kunyanya sezvo ine mashoma epamusoro mahydrocarbons mukuumbwa kwayo uye inoburitsa mashoma sooti zvinhu panguva yekupisa. Zvisinei, iyo calorific value yeparafini KO-25 yakaderera, iyo inokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta akadaro.
Physico-kemikari zvivakwa
Kuvhenekera parafini, inogadzirwa kubva muzvikamu zvemafuta ane sulfur, inoratidzwa neinotevera uwandu zviratidzo:
| Parameter | quantitative value | |||
| KO-20 | KO-22 | KO-25 | KO-30 | |
| Density, t/m3 | 0,830 | 0,805 | 0,795 | 0,790 |
| Tembiricha yekutanga kwe evaporation, 0С | 270 | 280 | 290 | 290 |
| kuvira, 0С | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 |
| flash point, 0С | 60 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
Ese mabhureki ekuvhenekesa parafini ane yakawedzera muzana yesarufa (kubva pa0,55 kusvika 0,66%).
Hunhu hwekuvhenekesa parafini KO-25 inoonekwa seyakanakira kushandiswa kwayo muzvitofu zveparafini kana heaters emhando dzakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, mumavheni ewick anoenderana nekufambiswa kwemafuta ekufambisa necapillary uye mamwe maovhoni anoshanda nesimba uye anopisa ane mabhomba ejeti anopisa atomize mafuta nekupomba nemaoko kana kupisa.
Kerosene KO-20
Izvo zvinoshanda zvegiredhi reparafini KO-20 ndezvekuti, kuti uderedze chikamu chesarufa, chigadzirwa chehafu-chakapedzwa chinoiswawo pasi pe hydrotreatment. Nokudaro, rudzi urwu runoshandiswawo kudzivirira kugezwa uye kuchenesa zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwepamusoro kusati kwatanga, kupenda, nezvimwewo. Nekuda kwekuderera kwehuturu, KO-20 inogona kushandiswa kuderedza mafuta-anonyungudika pendi.
Kerosene KO-30
Sezvo kubatidza parafini KO-30 inoratidzirwa nekukwirira kwemurazvo wepamusoro uye yakakwirira flash point panguva yekupisa, ichi chigadzirwa chemafuta chinoshandiswa semvura inoshanda kune vanocheka parafini. Iyo density yeKO-30 ndiyo yepamusoro-soro yemhando dzese dzekuvhenekesa parafini, saka inoshandiswawo kune zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi zvigadzirwa zvesimbi.
