Kemikari yakagadzirwa peturu AI 92, 95, 98

Kuumbwa kwepeturu kunosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari zvinhu uye zvinosanganiswa: chiedza hydrocarbons, sulfur, nitrogen, lead. Kuti uvandudze kunaka kwemafuta, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa kwairi. Saka nekudaro, hazvibviri kunyora kemikari formula yepeturu, nekuti kuumbwa kwekemikari kunoenderana nenzvimbo yekutorwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira - mafuta, nzira yekugadzira uye pane zvinowedzera.

Nekudaro, iyo kemikari yeimwe kana imwe mhando yepeturu haina chero yakakosha mhedzisiro pakufamba kwemafuta ekupisa maitiro muinjini yemotokari.

Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, kunaka kwepeturu kunoenderana nenzvimbo yekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, mafuta anogadzirwa muRussia akanyanya kuipa muhutano kupfuura mafuta kubva kuPersian Gulf kana kuAzerbaijan imwe chete.

Maitiro ekunyungudutswa kwemafuta kuRussia refineries yakaoma kwazvo uye inodhura, nepo chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chisingaenderane neEU yezvakatipoteredza zviyero. Ndicho chikonzero peturu muRussia inodhura. Kuvandudza kunaka kwayo, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa, asi zvose izvi zvinokanganisa mutengo.

Oiri kubva kuAzerbaijan nePersian Gulf ine hushoma hwezvinhu zvinorema, uye, maererano, kugadzirwa kwemafuta kubva kwairi kwakachipa.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, peturu yakawanikwa nekugadzirisa - distillation yemafuta. Kutaura zvazviri, yaipisa kune dzimwe tembiricha uye oiri yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, chimwe chacho chaiva peturu. Iyi nzira yekugadzira yakanga isiri iyo yakanyanya hupfumi uye ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza, sezvo zvese zvinorema kubva muoiri zvakapinda mumhepo pamwe chete nemagasi emota. Dzakanga dzine mutobvu wakawanda neparafini, izvo zvakaita kuti zvose zviri zviviri ecology uye injini dzemotokari dzenguva iyoyo dzitambure.

Gare gare, nzira itsva dzekugadzira peturu dzakawanikwa - kupaza nekugadzirisa.

Yakareba kwazvo kutsanangura ese aya maitiro emakemikari, asi anenge anoratidzika seizvi. Hydrocarbons "marefu" mamorekuru, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zviri okisijeni uye kabhoni. Kana oiri ichipisa, maketani emamorekuru aya anotyoka uye mahydrocarbon akareruka anowanikwa. Zvinenge zvikamu zvose zvemafuta zvinoshandiswa, uye hazvisi kuraswa, sepakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura. Distilling oiri nekupaza, tinowana peturu, dhiziri, mafuta emota. Mafuta emafuta, akakwira-viscosity giya oiri anowanikwa kubva kune distillation tsvina.

Kugadzirisa inzira yepamberi yekunyungudutsa oiri, semugumisiro wekuti zvakave zvichikwanisika kuwana peturu ine nhamba yepamusoro yeoctane, uye kubviswa kwezvinhu zvese zvinorema kubva pachigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Iyo inochenesa mafuta anowanikwa mushure mezvose izvi distillation maitiro, izvo zvishoma zvine muchetura zvinhu zviri mumhepo yekupedza gasi. Zvakare, hapana kana kutambisa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta, ndiko kuti, zvese zvikamu zveoiri zvinoshandiswa pachinangwa chazvo.

Hunhu hwakakosha hwepeturu, iyo inofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekuwedzera, ndiyo nhamba yeoctane. Nhamba ye octane inosarudza kuramba kwemafuta kuti detonation. Petroli ine zvinhu zviviri - isooctane uye heptane. Yekutanga inoputika zvakanyanya, uye yechipiri, iyo detonation kugona ndeye zero, pasi pemamwe mamiriro, hongu. Nhamba ye octane inongoratidza chiyero che heptane ne isooctane. Izvi zvinotevera kuti peturu ine yakakwira octane rating inonyanya kurwisa detonation, ndiko kuti, inoputika chete pasi pemamwe mamiriro anoitika mu cylinder block.

Iyo octane rating inogona kuwedzerwa nerubatsiro rwezvakakosha zvekuwedzera zvine zvinhu zvakaita se lead. Nekudaro, lead chinhu chisina hushamwari chemakemikari chinhu, kwete chezvisikwa kana cheinjini. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera zvakawanda zvino kunorambidzwa. Iwe unogonawo kuwedzera nhamba ye octane nerubatsiro rweimwe hydrocarbon - doro.

Somuenzaniso, kana ukawedzera zana magiramu edoro yakachena kune litre yeA-92, unogona kuwana A-95. Asi peturu yakadaro ichadhura zvakanyanya.

Chakanyanya kukosha ichokwadi chakadai sekushanduka kwezvimwe zvikamu zvepeturu. Semuenzaniso, kuwana A-95, propane kana butane magasi anowedzerwa kuA-92, ayo anoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva. GOSTs inoda peturu kuchengetedza zvinhu zvayo kwemakore mashanu, asi izvi hazviiti nguva dzose. Iwe unogona kuwedzera mafuta A-95, inova A-92.

Iwe unofanirwa kunyeverwa nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwegasi pachiteshi chepeturu.

Gasoline Quality Study

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