makemikari anoputika

Imwe yeanonyanya kushamisa kemikari kuita ndeyekuora kweammonium dichromate (VI) (NH4) 2Cr2O7, inozivikanwa se "chemical volcano". Munguva yekupindura, huwandu hukuru hwehutu hunoburitswa, hunonyatso kutevedzera kuputika kwegomo. Mumazuva ekutanga ecinema, kuora kwe (NH4) 2Cr2O7 kwakatoshandiswa se "special effect"! Vaedze vanoda kuitisa kuyedza vanokumbirwa kuti vasazviite kumba (nekuda kwekuburitswa kweguruva rinobhururuka rinogona kusvibisa imba).

Kuti uite bvunzo, iwe unozoda porcelain crucible (kana imwe ngarava inodzivirira kupisa) yakazara neammonium (VI) dichromate (NH.₄)₂Cr₂O₇ (Mufananidzo 1). Isa crucible pamusoro pemurwi wejecha uchitevedzera volcanic cone (Pic 2) uye vhenekera hupfu hweorenji ne mechi (Pic 3). Pashure penguva yakati, kukurumidza kuparara kwekomboni kunotanga, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvegasi, izvo zvinoparadzira porous chromium oxide (III) Cr.₂O₃ (mifananidzo 4, 5 uye 6). Mushure mekupera kwekuita, zvese zvakatenderedza zvakafukidzwa nerima rakasvibira guruva (mufananidzo 7).

Iko kuenderera kwekuparara kwekuita kweammonium dichromate (VI) inogona kunyorwa neiyo equation:

Shanduko ndeye redox reaction (iyo inonzi redox reaction), panguva iyo oxidation mamiriro emaatomu akasarudzwa anoshanduka. Mukuita uku, iyo oxidizing agent (chinhu chinowana maerekitironi uye chinoderedza iyo oxidation mamiriro) ndeye chromium (VI):

Iyo inoderedza (chinhu chinopa maerekitironi uye, nokudaro, chinowedzera chiyero cheoxidation) initrogen iri muammonium ion (tinotora maatomu maviri enitrogen nekuda kweN.₂):

Sezvo huwandu hwemaerekitironi akapihwa neanodzikisisa hunofanirwa kuenzana nenhamba yemaerekitironi inogamuchirwa neoxidizing agent, tinowanza equation yekutanga ne2 pamativi ese uye kuenzanisa huwandu hweasara eokisijeni nemaatomu ehydrogen.