Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Akatanga nekuvakwa kweiyo-yakakura (1913) ndege "Ilya Muromets" (1), yekutanga yenyika inoshanda zvakakwana-injini muchina, yakatumidzwa zita regamba rengano dzeRussia. Pakutanga akamugadzirira imba yekutandarira, zvigaro zvemaoko zvine fashoni, imba yekurara, yekugezera uye chimbuzi. Aiita seaive nefungidziro yekuti mune ramangwana kirasi yebhizinesi mukufamba nendege yaizogadzirwa.

CV: Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky

Zuva rokuzvarwa: Chivabvu 25, 1889 muKyiv (Russian Empire - ikozvino Ukraine).

Zuva rekufa: Gumiguru 26, 1972, Easton, Connecticut (USA)

Nationality: Russian, American

Mamiriro emhuri: akaroora kaviri, vana vashanu

Rombo: Iko kukosha kwenhaka yaIgor Sikorsky parizvino inofungidzirwa kusvika paUS $ 2 bhiriyoni.

Dzidzo: St. Petersburg; Kyiv Polytechnic Institute; École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ETACA) muParis

Chiitiko: Russian-Baltic Carriage Inoshanda RBVZ muSt. Petersburg; mauto eRussia tsarist; yakabatana neSikorski kana makambani ekufambisa ndege akagadzirwa naye muU.SA - Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation, Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division, Sikorsky

Zvimwe zvawawana: Royal Order yeSt. Wlodzimierz, Guggenheim Medal (1951), mubairo wekurangarira kwavari. Wright Brothers (1966), US National Medal of Science (1967); uyezve, rimwe remabhiriji muConnecticut, mugwagwa muKyiv uye supersonic Russian Strategic bomber Tu-160 inonzi zita rake.

Zvaunofarira: kushanya kwemakomo, uzivi, chitendero, zvinyorwa zveRussia

Nekudaro, gore rakatevera Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakatanga uye ndege yeRussia yaida bhomba kupfuura ndege yemhando yepamusoro inotakura vanhu. Igor Sikorsky saka, aive mumwe wevakuru vevagadziri vendege yeTsarist Air Force, uye magadzirirwo ake akabhomba nzvimbo dzeGerman neAustria. Ipapo kwakauya Kumukira kweBolshevik, uko Sikorsky aifanira kutiza, pakupedzisira akasvika muUnited States.

Pane kusava nechokwadi kwakasiyana-siyana uye maonero anopikisana pamusoro pekuti anofanira kutorwa seRussia, America, kana kunyange Ukrainian. Uye maPoles anogona kuwana zvishoma mukurumbira wake, nekuti mhuri yeSikorsky yaive yePolish (kunyangwe yeOrthodox) yepurazi inokudzwa muVolhynia panguva yekutanga Republic. Zvisinei, kwaari pachake, kufunga uku kungave kusina kukosha kukuru. Igor Sikorsky nokuti akanga ari mutsigiri wetsarism, muteveri wehukuru hweRussia, uye aifarira nyika sababa vake, pamwe chete nenyanzvi yeOrthodox uye munyori wemabhuku efilosofi nechitendero. Akakoshesa pfungwa dzemunyori weRussia Leo Tolstoy uye akatarisira nheyo yake yeNew York.

Helicopter ine eraser

Akazvarwa muna Chivabvu 25, 1889 muKyiv (2) uye aive wechishanu uye gotwe mwana wemukurumbira wekuRussia chiremba wepfungwa Ivan Sikorsky. Somwana, aifarira unyanzvi uye kubudirira. Aifarirawo zvikuru zvinyorwa zvaJules Verne. Achiri kuyaruka, akagadzira ndege dzemhando yepamusoro. Aifanira kuvaka chikopokopo chekutanga chine simba rerabha aine makore gumi nemaviri.

Ipapo akadzidza paNaval Academy muSt. Petersburg uye pamagetsi einjiniya faculty yeKyiv Polytechnic Institute. Muna 1906 akatanga zvidzidzo zveinjiniya muFrance. Muna 1908, panguva yekugara kwake muGermany uye zviratidzo zvemhepo zvakarongwa nehama dzeWright, uye akafurirwa nebasa raFerdinand von Zeppelin, akasarudza kuzvipira kune ndege. Sezvaakarangarira gare gare, "zvakatora maawa makumi maviri nemana kuti achinje hupenyu hwake."

Zvakabva zvaita shungu huru. Uye kubva pakutanga, pfungwa dzake dzaive dzakabatikana nepfungwa yekuvaka ndege inotenderera yakamira, kureva, sezvatinotaura nhasi, chikopokopo kana chikopokopo. Iwo maviri ekutanga prototypes aakavaka haana kana kubva pasi. Zvisinei, haana kukanda mapfumo pasi, sezvinopupurirwa nezviitiko zvakazotevera, asi akangomisa nyaya yacho kusvikira gare gare.

Muna 1909 akatanga zvidzidzo zvake payunivhesiti yakakurumbira yeFrance École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile muParis. Ipapo yakanga iri pakati penyika yezvendege. Gore rakatevera, akavaka ndege yekutanga yedhizaini yake, iyo C-1. Wekutanga aiedza muchina uyu aive iye (3), izvo zvakazove tsika yake kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Muna 1911-12, paS-5 uye S-6 ndege yaakasika, akaisa zvinyorwa zveRussia zvakawanda, uyewo zvinyorwa zvenyika dzakawanda. Akashanda semugadziri mudhipatimendi rendege reRussia-Baltic Carriage Works RBVZ muSt. Petersburg.

Pane imwe yeC-5 ndege, injini yakangoerekana yamira uye Sikorsky aifanira kumhara nechimbichimbi. Paakazoongorora chikonzero chetsaona yacho, akawana kuti umhutu hwakanga hwakwira mutangi ndokucheka musanganiswa wecarburetor. Mugadziri wacho akagumisa kuti, sezvo zviitiko zvakadaro zvisingagoni kufanotaurwa kana kuti kunzvengwa, ndege dzinofanira kugadzirwa kuti dzikwanise kubhururuka kwenguva pfupi dzisina simba uye kuti dzikwanise kumhara nechimbichimbi.

2. Imba yemhuri yeSikorsky muKyiv - kutarisa kwemazuva ano

Yekutanga vhezheni yeprojekti yake hombe yainzi Le Grand uye yaive mapatya enjini prototype. Kubva pairi, Sikorsky akavaka Bolshoi Baltiysk, yekutanga-injini dhizaini. Izvi, zvakare, zvakashanda senheyo yekusikwa kweC-22 Ilya Muromets yambotaurwa, iyo yaakapiwa Order of St. Wlodzimierz. Pamwe chete nePole Jerzy Jankowski (mutyairi webasa re tsarist), vakatora vazvipiri gumi vari muchikepe cheMuromets uye vakakwira kusvika pakakwirira mamita 2. Sezvo Sikorsky akayeuka, motokari haina kurasikirwa uye kuenzanisa kunyange apo vanhu vaifamba nemugwagwa. bapiro panguva yekubhururuka.

Rachmaninoff inobatsira

Mushure meOctober Revolution Sikorsky kwenguva pfupi akashanda muzvikamu zvekupindira zveuto reFrance. Kubatanidzwa nerutivi rwevachena, basa rake rekare muTsarist Russia, uye mamiriro ake emagariro zvaireva kuti akanga asina chinhu chokutsvaka muchokwadi chitsva cheSoviet, icho chaigona kutotyisa upenyu.

Muna 1918, iye nemhuri yake vakakwanisa kutiza kubva kuBolshevik kuenda kuFrance, uye ipapo kuCanada, kubva kwaakazoenda kuUnited States. Akachinja zita rake kuti Sikorsky. Pakutanga, akashanda somudzidzisi. Zvakadaro, aitsvaga mikana yebasa muindasitiri yezvendege. Muna 1923 akatanga Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, inogadzira ndege dzine zviratidzo, izvo zvakaenderera mberi zvakatanga muRussia. Pakutanga, vakatamira kuRussia vakamubatsira, kusanganisira munyori akakurumbira Sergei Rachmaninov, uyo akamunyorera cheki yehuwandu hunokosha hwe5 zlotys panguva iyoyo. madhora.

3. Sikorsky achiri mudiki ari mutyairi wendege (kuruboshwe)

Ndege yake yekutanga muUnited States, iyo S-29, yaive imwe yekutanga mapatya einjini mapurojekiti muUnited States. Yaigona kutakura vanhu gumi nevana uye inosvika pakumhanya ingangoita 14 km/h. Kuvandudza bhizinesi, munyori akabatana neakapfuma maindasitiri Arnold Dickinson. Sikorsky akava mutevedzeri wake pakugadzira uye kugadzira. Saka, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation yave iripo kubvira 180. Pakati pezvigadzirwa zvakakosha zveSikorski panguva iyoyo paive nechikepe cheS-1928 Clipper (42) chaibhururuka chaishandiswa nePan Am kubhururuka nendege.

rear rotor

Mumakore ekuma30 akanga asingachinji Sikorsky akafunga kubvisa magadzirirwo ake ekutanga e "motor lift". Akaisa chikumbiro chake chekutanga kuUS Patent Office yedhizaini yerudzi urwu muna Kukadzi 1929. Iyo tekinoroji yezvigadzirwa yaienderana nemafungiro ake ekare, uye injini, pakupedzisira, ine simba rakakwana, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kupa zvinobudirira rotor thrust. Gamba redu rakanga risisade kubata nendege. Kambani yake yakava chikamu cheUnited Aircraft kunetseka, uye iye pachake, semutungamiri wekambani yeimwe yezvikamu zvekambani, aida kuita zvaakanga asiya muna 1908.

5. Sikorsky aine chikopokopo chake muna 1940.

Mugadziri akanyatsogadzirisa dambudziko rekubuda reactive nguva yakabva kune main rotor. Pakarepo iyo helikopta yakasimuka kubva pasi, fuselage yayo yakatanga kushandura kutenderera kwe rotor huru maererano nemutemo wechitatu waNewton. Sikorski yakafunga kuisa imwe propeller yepadivi kumashure kwefuselage kutsiva dambudziko iri. Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko ichi chinogona kukundwa nenzira dzakawanda, ndiyo mhinduro yakatsanangurwa naSikorsky iyo ichiri yakanyanya kuwanda. Muna 1935, akaita patent yeherikoputa ine main uye muswe rotors. Makore mana gare gare, Sikorsky simiti yakabatanidzwa neChance Vought pasi pezita rokuti Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division.

Mauto anoda zvikopokopo

Gunyana 14, 1939 yakava zuva renhoroondo munhoroondo yekuvakwa kweherikoputa. Pazuva rino, Sikorsky akaita ndege yake yekutanga muherikoputa yekutanga yakabudirira dhizaini - VS-300 (S-46). Zvisinei, yakanga ichiri kubhururuka nendege. Kubhururuka kwemahara kwakaitika chete Chivabvu 24, 1940 (5).

Iyo BC-300 yaive prototype helicopter, yakafanana neembryo yezvaizotevera, asi yakatobvumirwa kweawa imwe nehafu yekubhururuka, pamwe nekumhara pamvura. Motokari yaSikorsky yakaita mukurumbira mukuru kuuto reUnited States. Mugadziri akanyatsonzwisisa zvinodiwa nemauto uye mugore rimwe chete akasika chirongwa che XR-4 muchina, yekutanga helikopta yakafanana nemichina yemazuva ano yerudzi urwu.

6. Imwe yemhando dzeR-4 helicopter muna 1944.

7. Igor Sikorsky uye helicopters

Muna 1942, ndege yekutanga yakarairwa neUS Air Force yakaedzwa. Yakapinda mukugadzirwa seR-4 (6). Michina inenge 150 yorudzi urwu yakaenda kumapoka emauto akasiyana-siyana, ichibatanidzwa mumabasa okununura, ichigamuchira vapukunyuki uye vatyairi vendege yakadonhedzwa, uye gare gare yakashanda semichina yokurovedza vatyairi vendege vaizogara panzvimbo yaidzorwa neherikoputa hombe neinoda zvikuru. Muna 1943, mafekitari eVought neSikorsky akapatsanurwa zvakare, uye kubva zvino kambani yekupedzisira yakatarisana nekugadzirwa kweherikoputa. Mumakore akatevera, akahwina musika weAmerica (7).

Chinhu chinonakidza inhoroondo yemubairo Sikorsky muma50, akasika chikopokopo chokutanga chekuedza chakasvika pakumhanya kwepamusoro pe300 km/h. Zvakazoitika kuti mubayiro wakaenda ku ... USSR, kureva, nyika yeSikorsky. Iyo Mi-6 helicopter yakavakwa ipapo yakaisa zvinyorwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe320 km / h.

Zvechokwadi, michina yakavakwa naSikorsky yakaputsawo zvinyorwa. Muna 1967, S-61 yakava chikopokopo chekutanga munhoroondo kubhururuka chisina kumira muAtlantic. Muna 1970, imwe modhi, S-65 (SN-53) yakatanga kubhururuka pamusoro pePacific Ocean. Mr. Igor pachake akanga atova pamudyandigere, uyo akachinja muna 1957. Zvisinei, akanga achiri kushandira kambani yake sechipangamazano. Akafira muna 1972 muEaston, Connecticut.

Muchina wakakurumbira munyika nhasi, wakagadzirwa naSikorsky, ndiye UH-60 Black Hawk. Iyo S-70i Black Hawk (8) vhezheni inogadzirwa paPZL chirimwa muMielec, chave chiri chikamu cheboka reSikorsky kwemakore akati wandei.

Muinjiniya uye nendege Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky akanga ari piyona munzira dzose. Zvivako zvake zvakaparadza zvipingamupinyi zvaiita sezvisingadariki. Aive neFédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) rezinesi remutyairi wendege nhamba 64 uye rezenisi remutyairi wechikopokopo nhamba 1.