imperial-hope-duce
Benito Mussolini akaita zvirongwa zvekuvaka humambo hukuru hwekoloni. Mudzvanyiriri weItaly akataura nezvezvinhu zveAfrica zveGreat Britain neFrance.
Mumakumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, dzakawanda dzenyika dzinoyevedza dzeAfrica dzaitova nevatongi veEurope. MaItaly, akabatana neboka revakoloni chete mushure mekubatana kwenyika, akatanga kufarira Nyanga yeAfrica, iyo yakanga isina kunyatsopindwa nevaEurope. Benito Mussolini akatangazve kuwedzera kwekoloni mudunhu iri muma30s.
Kutanga kwekuvapo kwevaItaly mukona yeAfrica kunotangira muna 1869, apo kambani yezvikepe yakazvimiririra yakatenga kubva kumutongi wenzvimbo iyi nyika muGulf of Asab pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku kuti igadzire chiteshi chezvikepe chayo ipapo. Pakave nekupokana pamusoro peizvi neEgypt, iyo yaiti yaive nekodzero munzvimbo iyi. Pana March 10, 1882, chiteshi chengarava cheAsabhi chakatengwa nehurumende yeItaly. Makore matatu gare gare, maItaly akatora mukana wekupera simba kweEgypt mushure mekukundwa kwavo muhondo neAbyssinia uye pasina kurwa vakatora Massawa inodzorwa neEgypt - ndokubva vatanga kupinda mukati meAbyssinia, kunyange zvazvo yakaderedzwa nekukundwa muAbyssinia. hondo nevaAbyssinians, yakarwa muna Ndira 26, 1887 pedyo nemusha weDogali.
Kuwedzera kutonga
MaItaly akaedza kudzora nzvimbo dzeIndia Ocean. Mumakore 1888-1889 chidziviriro cheItaly chakagamuchirwa nevatongi veSultanates Hobyo uye Majirtin. PaGungwa Dzvuku, mukana wekuwedzera wakauya muna 1889, apo hondo yechigaro choumambo yakatanga muhondo nemadervishes paGalabat muAbyssinia mushure mekufa kwaMambo John IV Kassa. Ipapo maItaly akazivisa kusikwa kweEritrea koloni paGungwa Dzvuku. Zviito zvavo panguva iyoyo zvakatsigirwa nevaBritish vakanga vasingafariri kuwedzera kweFrench Somalia (nhasi Djibouti). Nyika dziri paGungwa Dzvuku, dzaimbove dzeAbyssinia, dzakapihwa zviri pamutemo kuHumambo hweItari namambo akazotevera Menelik II muchibvumirano chakasainwa muna Chivabvu 2, 1889 muUccilli. Iye anonyepedzera kuchigaro cheAbyssinian akabvuma kupa vakoloni mapurovhinzi eAkele Guzai, Bogos, Hamasien, Serae uye chikamu cheTigraj. Mukudzoka, akavimbiswa rubatsiro rwemari nemauto eItaly. Kubatana uku, zvisinei, hakuna kugara kwenguva refu, nekuti maItaly aida kudzora Abyssinia yose, iyo yavakazivisa kudzivirira kwavo.
Muna 1891, vakatora guta reAtaleh. Gore rakatevera racho, vakawana chibvumirano chemakore makumi maviri neshanu chezviteshi zvengarava zveBrava, Merca neMogadishu kubva kuSultan weZanzibar. Muna 25, paramende yeItaly yakadzika mutemo wekuti zvinhu zvese zveSomalia zvakabatanidzwa kuita chimiro chimwe chekutonga - Italian Somaliland, iyo yakagadzwa zviri pamutemo sekoloni. Kusvikira 1908, zvisinei, maItaly aingodzora gungwa reSomalia.
Mukupindura kune chokwadi chekuti maItaly akabata Abyssinia semudziviriri wavo, Menelik II akagumisa Chibvumirano cheUcciala uye pakutanga kwe1895 hondo yeItalo-Abyssinian yakatanga. Pakutanga, maItaly akabudirira, asi musi waZvita 7, 1895, maAbyssinians akauraya chikamu cheItaly chevarwi 2350 paAmba Alagi. Vakabva vakomba boka revarwi muguta reMekelie pakati paZvita. MaItaly akavapa muna Ndira 22, 1896 mukuchinjana kwekuenda mahara. Zviroto zveItaly zvekukunda Abyssinia zvakapera nekukundwa kwemauto avo muhondo yeAdua munaKurume 1, 1896. Kubva muboka rekuverenga 17,7 zviuru. Vanosvika zviuru zvinomwe zvevaItaly neveEritrea vachitungamirirwa naGeneral Oresto Baratieri, gavhuna weEritrea, vakaurayiwa. masoja. Vamwe 7-3 zviuru zvevanhu, vazhinji vavo vakakuvadzwa, vakatorwa musungwa. VaAbyssinians, vaive nevanenge 4. vakaurayiwa uye 4-8 zviuru. vakakuvara, vakabata zviuru zvepfuti nepfuti makumi mashanu nenhanhatu. Hondo yakaguma nechibvumirano cherunyararo chakasainwa muna Gumiguru 10, 56, umo Italy yakaziva rusununguko rweAbyssinia.
Hondo yechipiri neAbyssinia
Kukunda uku kwakavimbisa maAbyssinians makore akati wandei erunyararo, sezvo maItaliya akatendeudzira kutarisa kwavo kugungwa reMedithera nenzvimbo dzehushe hweOttoman huri kuparara huripo. Mushure mekukunda maTurkey, maItaly akawana kutonga kweLibhiya uye zvitsuwa zveDodecanese; zvisinei, mubvunzo wekukundwa kweEthiopia wakadzoka pasi paBenito Mussolini.
Mukutanga kwema30, zviitiko pamiganhu yeAbyssinia nemakoloni eItaly zvakatanga kuwanda. Mauto eItaly aipinda mune imwe yenyika mbiri dzaive dzakasununguka muAfrica. Pana December 5, 1934, kurwisana kweItaly neAbyssinian kwakaitika munzvimbo ine mvura yeUeluel; dambudziko rakatanga kuwedzera. Kuti vadzivise hondo, vezvematongerwo enyika veBritain neFrance vakaedza kuyananisira, asi zvakashaya basa sezvo Mussolini akanga achisunda hondo.
Pana October 3, 1935, maItaly akapinda muAbyssinia. Vapambi vaive nemukana wehunyanzvi pane veAbyssinians. Mazana endege, motokari dzehondo nepfuti zvakatumirwa kuSomalia neEritrea hondo isati yatanga. Munguva yekurwa, kuti vaparadze kushora kwevadzivisi, maItaliya akaita mabhomba makuru, vakashandisa gasi remasitadhi. Sarudzo yehondo yaive hondo yakarwiwa munaKurume 31, 1936 paCarrot, umo zvikamu zvakanakisa zveEmperor Haile Selasie zvakakundwa. Musi waApril 26, 1936, chikamu cheItaly mechanized yakatanga iyo inonzi Iyo Kurume yeŻelazna Wola (Marcia della Ferrea Volontà), yakanangana neguta guru reAbyssinia - Addis Ababa. MaItaly akapinda muguta na4:00 a.m. Pana Chivabvu 5, 1936, Mambo nemhuri yake vakaenda kuutapwa, asi vazhinji vevadzorwi vake vakapfuuridzira kurwisana kwebato. Mauto eItaly, kune rumwe rutivi, akatanga kushandisa hutsinye pacifications kudzvinyirira kupikiswa kupi zvako. Mussolini akarayira kuti magandanga ose akanga atapwa aurayiwe.
