Kutsvaga, kuteerera uye kunhuwidza

"Mukati memakore gumi, tichawana humbowo hunogutsa hwehupenyu kunze kwePasi," Ellen Stofan, director wesangano iri, akadaro kuNASA's Habitable Worlds in Space Conference muna Kubvumbi 2015. Akawedzera kuti zvisingarambike uye zvinotsanangura chokwadi nezve kuvepo kwehupenyu hwekunze zvichaunganidzwa mukati memakore makumi maviri-makumi matatu.

"Tinoziva kwekutarisa uye maitiro," akadaro Stofan. "Uye sezvo tiri mugwara chairo, hapana chikonzero chekukahadzika kuti tichawana zvatiri kutsvaga." Chii chaizvo chairehwa nedare rekudenga, vamiririri vesangano havana kutsanangura. Zvavanotaura zvinoratidza kuti inogona kunge iri, semuenzaniso, Mars, chimwe chinhu chiri muzuva, kana imwe mhando ye exoplanet, kunyange munyaya yekupedzisira zvakaoma kufunga kuti uchapupu hunogutsa huchawanikwa muchizvarwa chimwe chete. Zvirokwazvo Zvakawanikwa mumakore achangopfuura nemwedzi zvinoratidza chinhu chimwe chete: mvura - uye mune yemvura mamiriro, iyo inoonekwa seyakakosha mamiriro ekuumbwa nekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvipenyu - yakawanda muzuva.

"Panosvika 2040, tinenge tawana hupenyu hwekune dzimwe nyika," akadaro Seth Szostak weNASA weSETI Institute mumashoko ake akawanda enhau. Nekudaro, isu hatisi kutaura nezve kusangana nevekunze budiriro - mumakore achangopfuura, isu takanakidzwa nezvitsva zvakawanikwa zvechaizvo zvinodikanwa zvekuvapo kwehupenyu, senge zviwanikwa zvemvura mumitumbi yesolar system, mitsetse yemadziva. nehova. paMars kana kuvapo kwemapuraneti akafanana neNyika munzvimbo dzehupenyu hwenyeredzi. Aya ndiwo manzwire atinoita nezvemamiriro ehupenyu anoenderana nehupenyu, uye nezve maronda, kazhinji emakemikari. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvino nezvakaitika makumi mashoma emakore apfuura ndewekuti ikozvino tsoka, zviratidzo uye mamiriro ehupenyu hazvisi akasiyana chero kupi zvako, kunyangwe paVenus kana muura hwemwedzi iri kure yeSaturn.

Huwandu hwezvishandiso uye nzira dzinoshandiswa kuwana zvirevo zvakadaro zviri kukura. Isu tiri kuvandudza nzira dzekutarisa, kuteerera uye kuona mune dzakasiyana wavelengths. Pakave nekutaura kwakawanda nguva pfupi yadarika nezve kutsvaga kemikari trace, masiginecha ehupenyu kunyangwe akatenderedza nyeredzi dziri kure. Uku ndiko “kunhuhwidza” kwedu.

Yakanakisa Chinese canopy

Zviridzwa zvedu zvakakura uye zvakanyanya kusimba. MunaSeptember 2016, hofori yakaiswa mukushanda. Chinese radio telescope FASTiro basa richava rekutsvaga zviratidzo zvehupenyu kune mamwe mapuraneti. Masayendisiti pasi rose anoisa tariro huru pabasa rake. "Ichakwanisa kuona nekukurumidza uye kure kupfuura nakare kose munhoroondo yekuongorora kunze kwenyika," akadaro Douglas Vakoch, sachigaro. METI International, sangano rakazvipira kutsvaga mamwe marudzi ehungwaru. FAST ndima yekuona ichave yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri se Teresikopu yeArecibo muPuerto Rico, iyo yave iri pamberi kwemakore 53 apfuura.

FAST canopy (spherical telescope ine mazana mashanu metres aperture) ine dhayamita 500 m. Inoumbwa ne4450 triangular aluminum panels. Inotora nzvimbo inofananidzwa nenhandare dzenhabvu makumi matatu. Kuti ashande, anoda kunyarara kwakakwana mukati memakiromita mashanu, nokudaro, vanenge vanhu gumi vanobva munzvimbo dzakapoteredza vakatamiswa. vanhu. Teresikopu yeredhiyo iri mudziva rechisikigo pakati penzvimbo yakanaka yegirinhi karst maumbirwo mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba kweGuizhou.

Nekudaro, FAST isati yanyatso tarisisa hupenyu hwekunze, inofanira kutanga yagadziriswa. Nokudaro, makore maviri ekutanga ebasa rake achave akazvipira kunyanya kune yekutanga tsvakurudzo uye mutemo.

Millionaire uye fizikisi

Imwe yemapurojekiti ane mukurumbira achangoburwa ekutsvaga hupenyu hwakangwara mudenga ipurojekiti yeBritish neAmerican masayendisiti, inotsigirwa nebhirioni wekuRussia Yuri Milner. Muzvinabhizimisi uye nyanzvi yefizikisi ashandisa zana remamiriyoni emadhora muongororo inotarisirwa kutora makore angangoita gumi. "Nezuva rimwe chete, tichaunganidza data rakawanda sekuunganidzwa kwakafanana nemamwe mapurogiramu mugore," anodaro Milner. Nyanzvi yefizikisi Stephen Hawking, uyo ari kuita chirongwa ichi, anoti kutsvaga kwacho kune musoro nekuti mapuraneti akawanda ekunze akawanikwa. “Kune nyika dzakawanda kwazvo uye mamorekuru ari muchadenga zvokuti zvinoita sokuti upenyu hunogona kuvapo imomo,” akadaro. Chirongwa ichi chinodaidzwa kuti chidzidzo chikuru chesainzi kusvika parizvino chiri kutsvaga zviratidzo zvehungwaru hupenyu kunze kwePasi. Ichitungamirwa nechikwata chemasaenzi kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, ichave neruzivo rwakakura kune maviri emateresikopu ane simba kwazvo pasi rose: green bank muWest Virginia uye Mapaki eTeresikopu muNew South Wales, Australia.

Tinogona kuziva budiriro yemhando yepamusoro kubva kure ne:

• kuvapo kwemagasi, kunyanya zvinosvibisa mhepo, chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia;
• mwenje uye maratidziro echiedza kubva kuzvinhu zvakavakwa nebudiriro;
• kupisa kupisa;
• kuburitswa kwakanyanya kwemwaranzi;
• zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike - semuenzaniso, zviteshi zvakakura uye zvikepe zvinofamba;
• kuvapo kwezvimiro izvo maumbirwo ayo asingagoni kutsanangurwa nekutarisa kune zvikonzero zvakasikwa.

Milner akasuma chimwe chirongwa chakanzi. Akavimbisa kubhadhara $1 miriyoni. mibairo kune wese anogadzira yakakosha meseji yedhijitari kutumira muchadenga inomiririra zvakanyanya vanhu nePasi. Uye pfungwa dzeMilner-Hawking duo hadzigumire ipapo. Munguva ichangopfuura, vezvenhau vakashuma nezvechirongwa chinosanganisira kutumira laser-inotungamirirwa nanoprobe kune nyeredzi system inosvika kumhanya kwe ... chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chekumhanya kwechiedza!

chemistry yemuchadenga

Hapana chinhu chinonyaradza kune avo vari kutsvaga hupenyu kunze kwekuwanikwa kweanozivikanwa "anozivikanwa" makemikari munzvimbo dzekunze dzechadenga. Kunyange makore emhute yemvura "Kurembera" mudenga rekunze. Makore mashoma apfuura, gore rakadaro rakaonekwa rakatenderedza quasar PG 0052+251. Maererano neruzivo rwemazuva ano, iri ndiro dura guru remvura rinozivikanwa muchadenga. Masvomhu chaiwo anoratidza kuti dai mhute yese iyi yaita kugwamba, ingave yakapetwa ka140 matiriyoni kupfuura mvura iri mumakungwa ese ePasi. Huremu hwe "dziva remvura" rinowanikwa pakati penyeredzi i100 XNUMX. nguva nehukuru hwezuva. Kungoti kumwe kune mvura hakurevi kuti kune upenyu ikoko. Kuti ibudirire, mamiriro mazhinji akasiyana anofanirwa kuzadzikiswa.

Munguva ichangopfuura, tinonzwa kakawanda nezve "zvinowanikwa" zvemuchadenga zvezvinhu zvakasikwa munzvimbo dziri kure dzechadenga. Muna 2012, semuenzaniso, masayendisiti akawana chinhambwe chingangoita makore XNUMX echiedza kubva kwatiri hydroxylamineiyo inoumbwa nenitrogen, okisijeni neatomu rehaidhirojeni uye, kana yabatanidzwa nemamwe mamorekuru, ine fungidziro inokwanisa kuumba zvimiro zvehupenyu kune mamwe mapuraneti.

Organic makomisheni mune protoplanetary disk inotenderera nyeredzi MWC 480.

Methylcyanide (CH₃CN) y cyanoacetylene (HC₃N) yaive muprotoplanetary disk inotenderera nyeredzi MWC 480, yakawanikwa muna 2015 nevatsvakurudzi veAmerican Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), chimwe chiziviso chekuti panogona kunge paine chemistry muchadenga nemukana webiochemistry. Sei hukama uhu huri kuwanikwa kwakakosha zvakadaro? Vakanga varipo munzvimbo yedu yezuva panguva iyo hupenyu hwaiumbwa paNyika, uye pasina ivo, nyika yedu ingadai isingataridzi sezvairi kuita nhasi. Nyeredzi MWC 480 pachayo inorema zvakapetwa kaviri senyeredzi yedu uye ingangoita 455 light-years kubva kuZuva, inova zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa nemadaro anowanikwa muchadenga.

Munguva ichangopfuura, muna Chikumi 2016, vaongorori kubva kuchikwata chinosanganisira, pakati pevamwe, Brett McGuire weNRAO Observatory uye Purofesa Brandon Carroll weCalifornia Institute of Technology vakacherekedza mitsetse yezvakaoma organic mamorekuru eanodaidzwa kuti. chiral molecules. Chirality inoratidzwa mukuti iyo molecule yepakutanga uye mufananidzo wayo wegirazi hazvina kufanana uye, sezvimwe zvinhu zvose zvechiral, hazvigoni kusanganiswa nekushandura uye kutenderera munzvimbo. Chirality inofananidzwa nemishonga yakawanda yezvisikwa - shuga, mapuroteni, etc. Kusvika ikozvino, hatina kumboona chero ipi zvayo, kunze kweNyika.

Zviwanwa izvi hazvirevi kuti upenyu hunotangira muchadenga. Zvisinei, vanokarakadza kuti zvimwe zvimedu zvinodikanwa pakuberekwa kwayo zvingaumbwa ikoko, zvozofamba kuenda kumapuraneti pamwe chete nemameteorite nezvimwe zvinhu.

mavara ehupenyu

Deserved Teresikopu yeKepler yakabatsira mukuwanikwa kweanopfuura zana mapuraneti epasi uye ane zviuru zvevanoda exoplanet. Kubva muna 2017, NASA inoronga kushandisa imwe teresikopu yemuchadenga, mutsivi waKepler. Kufambisa Exoplanet Kuongorora Satellite, TESS. Basa rayo richave rekutsvaga mapuraneti eextrasolar mukufamba (kureva, kupfuura nepakati penyeredzi dzevabereki). Nekuitumira kune yakakwira elliptical orbit yakatenderedza Pasi, unogona kutarisa denga rose kuona mapuraneti anotenderera nyeredzi dzakajeka munzvimbo yatinogara. Basa racho rinogona kutora makore maviri, panguva iyo nyeredzi dzinosvika hafu yemiriyoni dzichaongororwa. Nekuda kweizvi, masayendisiti anotarisira kuwana mazana emapuraneti akafanana nePasi. Zvimwe zvishandiso zvitsva senge eg. James Webb Space Telescope (James Webb Space Telescope) inofanirwa kutevera nekuchera mune zvakawanikwa kare, kuongorora mamiriro ekunze uye kutsvaga zviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinogona kuzotungamira mukuwanikwa kwehupenyu.

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Project - Visualization

Nekudaro, sekuziva kwedu nezve izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti biosignatures yehupenyu (semuenzaniso, kuvapo kweokisijeni nemethane mumhepo), hazvizivikanwe kuti ndeipi yeaya masaini emakemikari kubva kure kwemakumi nemazana echiedza. makore pakupedzisira sarudza nyaya. Masayendisiti anobvuma kuti kuvapo kweokisijeni nemethane panguva imwe chete chinhu chakasimba chinodiwa kuti munhu ararame, sezvo pasina nzira dzinozivikanwa dzisiri mhenyu dzinoburitsa magasi ese ari maviri panguva imwe chete. Nekudaro, sezvazvinozoitika, masiginecha akadaro anogona kuparadzwa ne exo-satellites, pamwe anotenderera exoplanets (sezvaanoita kutenderedza mapuraneti mazhinji mu solar system). Nekuti kana mhepo yeMwedzi iine methane, uye mapuraneti aine okisijeni, saka zviridzwa zvedu (panguva ino yekukura kwavo) zvinogona kuzvibatanidza kuita siginecha imwe yeokisijeni-methane tisingatarise exomoon.

Zvichida isu hatifanirwe kutarisa kwete chemakemikari trace, asi ruvara? Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzenyeredzi dzinodavira kuti halobacteria yaiva pakati pevagari vekutanga vepasi redu. Utachiona uhu hwakatora green spectrum yemwaranzi ndokuishandura kuita simba. Ukuwo, vairatidza mwaranzi yeviolet, nekuda kwekuti pasi redu, paraitariswa kubva muchadenga, raingova nemuvara iwoyo.

Kutora chiedza chegirini, halobacteria inoshandiswa retinal, i.e. yepepuru inooneka, inogona kuwanikwa mumaziso emhuka dzine vertebrates. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, kushandisa mabhakitiriya kwakatanga kutonga panyika yedu. chlorophylliyo inotora chiedza cheviolet uye inoratidza chiedza chegirini. Ndiko kusaka pasi richitaridzika sezvarinoita. Vazivi venyeredzi vanofungidzira kuti mune mamwe mapuraneti, halobacteria inogona kuramba ichikura, saka vanofungidzira. tsvaga hupenyu pamapuraneti epepuru.

Zvinhu zvemuvara uyu zvinogona kuonekwa ne telescope yambotaurwa yaJames Webb, iyo yakarongerwa kutanga muna 2018. Zvinhu zvakadaro, zvisinei, zvinogona kucherechedzwa, zvichipa kuti hazvisi kure zvakanyanya kubva kune solar system, uye nyeredzi yepakati yeplanetary system idiki zvekuti isingakanganise zvimwe zviratidzo.

Zvimwe zvipenyu zvekutanga paPasi-senge exoplanet, mune mukana wese, zvirimwa uye algae. Sezvo izvi zvichireva ruvara rwechimiro chepamusoro, zvese pasi nemvura, munhu anofanira kutarisa mamwe mavara anoratidza hupenyu. Materesikopu echizvarwa chitsva anofanira kunyoresa chiedza chinoratidzwa nemaexoplanets, ayo acharatidza mavara avo. Semuenzaniso, muchiitiko chekutarisa Pasi kubva muchadenga, dhamu yakakura yemwaranzi inogona kuonekwa. pedyo infrared radiationiyo inotorwa kubva ku chlorophyll muzvinomera. Zviratidzo zvakadaro, zvakagamuchirwa pedyo nenyeredzi yakakomberedzwa ne exoplanets, zvingaratidza kuti "ikoko" kunogonawo kuva nechimwe chinhu chiri kukura. Green ingazvikurudzira zvakanyanya. Nyika yakafukidzwa nemamera ekare yaizova mumumvuri bile.

Masayendisiti anosarudza kuumbwa kweexoplanet atmospheres zvichienderana nekufamba kwambotaurwa. Iyi nzira inoita kuti zvikwanisike kuongorora makemikari ari mumhepo yepasi. Chiedza chinopfuura nepamusoro pemhepo chinoshandura spectrum yayo - kuongorora kwechiitiko ichi kunopa ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zviripo.

Vatsvagiri kubva kuUniversity College London uye University of New South Wales yakabudiswa muna 2014 mupepanhau Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences tsananguro yenzira itsva, yakanyatsojeka yekuongorora kuitika kwe methane, iyo yakapfava yemagasi eorganic, kuvapo kwayo kunowanzozivikanwa sechiratidzo chehupenyu hunogona kuitika. Nehurombo, mamodheru emazuvano anotsanangura maitiro emethane ari kure nekukwana, saka huwandu hwemethane mumhepo yemapuraneti ari kure hunowanzo tarisirwa kushomeka. Uchishandisa macomputer epamusoro-soro akapihwa neiyo DiRAC () purojekiti neYunivhesiti yeCambridge, anenge bhiriyoni gumi emitsara inotaridzika yakateedzerwa, iyo inogona kubatanidzwa nekutorwa kwemwaranzi nemamorekuru emethane patembiricha inosvika 10 ° C. . Rondedzero yemitsara mitsva, yakareba kakapetwa kaviri pane yakapfuura, ichabvumira kudzidza kuri nani kwemethane yemukati mune yakakura kwazvo tembiricha renji.

Methane inoratidza mukana wehupenyu, nepo imwe gasi rinodhura zvakanyanya oksijeni - zvinosvika kuti hapana chivimbo chekuvapo kwehupenyu. Iri gasi riri paPasi rinobva zvakanyanya kubva kune photosynthetic zvirimwa uye algae. Okisijeni chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvehupenyu. Zvisinei, maererano nemasayendisiti, zvingava kukanganisa kududzira kuvapo kweokisijeni seyakaenzana nekuvapo kwezvisikwa zvipenyu.

Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza zviitiko zviviri apo kuwanikwa kweokisijeni mumhepo yepasi riri kure kunogona kupa chiratidzo chenhema chekuvapo kwehupenyu. Mune ese ari maviri, okisijeni yakagadzirwa semhedzisiro ye zvisiri-abiotic zvigadzirwa. Mune chimwe chezviitiko zvatakaongorora, ultraviolet chiedza kubva kune nyeredzi idiki pane Zuva inogona kukuvadza kabhoni dhaikisaidhi mumhepo ye exoplanet, ichiburitsa mamorekuru eokisijeni kubva mairi. Macomputer simulations aratidza kuti kuora kweCO₂ anopa kwete chete₂, asiwo yakawanda kabhoni monoxide (CO). Kana gasi iri rikaonekwa zvakasimba mukuwedzera kune okisijeni mumhepo ye exoplanet, inogona kuratidza alarm yenhema. Chimwe chiitiko chine chekuita nenyeredzi dzakaderera. Chiedza chavanoburitsa chinobatsira pakuumbwa kwemamorekuru eO anogara kwenguva pfupi.₄. Kuwanikwa kwavo pedyo neO₂ inofanirawo kuburitsa alarm kune vanoongorora nyeredzi.

Kutsvaga methane uye mamwe maitiro

Nzira huru yekufambisa inotaura zvishoma nezvepasi pacharo. Inogona kushandiswa kuona hukuru hwayo uye chinhambwe kubva kunyeredzi. Nzira yekuyera radial velocity inogona kubatsira kuona huwandu hwayo. Iko kusanganiswa kwenzira mbiri kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuverenga density. Asi zvinokwanisika here kuongorora iyo exoplanet zvakanyanya? Zvinoratidza kuti ndizvo. NASA inotoziva kuona zvirinani mapuraneti akaita seKepler-7 b, ayo Kepler neSpitzer telescopes akashandiswa kumepu yemakore emuchadenga. Zvakazoitika kuti pasi rino rinopisa zvakanyanya kune mafomu ehupenyu sezvatinozviziva, nekudziya kubva pa816 kusvika 982 ° C. Zvisinei, idi chairo retsanangudzo yakadzama yakadaro idanho guru rokufambira mberi, tichipiwa kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro penyika iri kure nechiedza makore zana kubva kwatiri.

Adaptive optics, iyo inoshandiswa mukuongorora nyeredzi kubvisa kuvhiringidzika kunokonzerwa nekuzunguzika kwemuchadenga, ichauyawo inobatsira. Kushandiswa kwayo kudzora teresikopu nekombuta kuitira kudzivirira deformation yenzvimbo yegirazi (yekurongeka kwemamicrometer akati wandei), inogadzirisa zvikanganiso mumufananidzo unoguma. hongu zvinoshanda Gemini Planet Scanner (GPI) iri muChile. Chishandiso ichi chakatangwa muna Mbudzi 2013. GPI inoshandisa infrared detectors, iyo ine simba rakakwana kuona mwenje wezvinhu zvakasviba uye zviri kure senge exoplanets. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokwanisika kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kuumbwa kwavo. Nyika yakasarudzwa seimwe yekutanga yekutarisa zvinangwa. Muchiitiko ichi, GPI inoshanda sesolar coronagraph, zvichireva kuti inodzima dhisiki renyeredzi iri kure kuratidza kupenya kwepasi riri pedyo.

Chinokosha pakucherechedza “zviratidzo zvoupenyu” chiedza chinobva kunyeredzi inotenderera pasi. Exoplanets, ichipfuura nepakati pemhepo, inosiya imwe nzira inogona kuyerwa kubva kuNyika nenzira dze spectroscopic, i.e. ongororo yemwaranzi inoburitswa, kutorwa kana kuparadzirwa nechinhu chinobatika. Nzira yakafanana inogona kushandiswa kudzidza nzvimbo dze exoplanets. Zvisinei, pane chinhu chimwe chete. Nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kutora kana kuparadzira chiedza zvakakwana. Mapuraneti ari kubuda mumhepo, zvichireva mapuraneti ane mativi ekunze anoyangarara mukati megore guru reguruva, vanhu vakanaka.

Sezvazvinoitika, tinogona kutoziva zvinhu zvakaita se kuoma kwepasi. Kuvepo kwegore gobvu rakafukidza rakatenderedza exoplanets GJ 436b neGJ 1214b rakavambwa zvichibva pakuongorora kwechiedza kubva kunyeredzi dzevabereki. Mapuraneti ese ari maviri ari muchikamu cheanodaidzwa kuti ma-super-Earths. GJ 436b inowanikwa makore makumi matatu nematanhatu echiedza kubva Panyika muboka renyeredzi Leo. GJ 36b iri muboka renyeredzi Ophiuchus, 1214 chiedza makore kure.

IEuropean Space Agency (ESA) parizvino iri kushanda pane satellite iyo basa richave rekunyatso kuratidza uye kudzidza chimiro cheanotozivikanwa exoplanets (CHEOPS) Kutangwa kwechinangwa ichi kwakarongerwa 2017. NASA, zvakare, inoda kutumira iyo yakatotaurwa TESS satellite munzvimbo mugore rimwe chete. Muna February 2014, European Space Agency yakabvumira basa racho PLATO, zvinoenderana nekutumira teresikopu muchadenga chakagadzirirwa kutsvaga mapuraneti akafanana neNyika. Maererano nehurongwa huripo, muna 2024 anofanira kutanga kutsvaga zvinhu zvine matombo zvine mvura. Izvi zvakacherechedzwa zvinofanirwa kubatsirawo mukutsvaga exomoon, nenzira imwechete iyo data yaKepler yakashandiswa.

IEuropean ESA yakagadzira chirongwa ichi makore akati wandei apfuura. Darwin. NASA yaive ne "planetary crawler" yakafanana. TPF (). Chinangwa chemapurojekiti ese ari maviri chaive chekudzidza mapuraneti akakura sePasi nekuda kwekuvapo kwemagasi mumhepo inotaridza mamiriro akanaka ehupenyu. Ose ari maviri aisanganisira pfungwa dzakashinga dzetiweki yemateresikopu emuchadenga anoshandira pamwe mukutsvaga kwePasi-seexoplanets. Makore gumi apfuura, matekinoroji akange asati agadzirwa zvakakwana, uye zvirongwa zvakavharwa, asi hazvisi zvese zvaive pasina. Vapfumiswa neruzivo rweNASA neESA, parizvino vari kushanda pamwechete paWebb Space Telescope yataurwa pamusoro. Nekuda kwegirazi rayo rakakura 6,5-mita, zvinogoneka kudzidza mamiriro ekunze emapuraneti makuru. Izvi zvinobvumira vanoongorora nyeredzi kuti vaone kemikari yeokisijeni nemethane. Iri richava ruzivo rwakananga nezvemamiriro ekunze eexoplanets - nhanho inotevera mukunatsa ruzivo pamusoro penyika dziri kure idzi.

Zvikwata zvakasiyana zviri kushanda kuNASA kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekutsvagisa munzvimbo ino. Imwe yeiyi isingazivikanwe uye ichiri mumatanho ekutanga ndeye . Zvichave nezve nzira yekuvharisa chiedza chenyeredzi nechinhu chakaita seamburera, kuitira kuti iwe uone mapuraneti ari kunze kwayo. Nekuongorora wavelengths, zvichave zvichigoneka kuona zvikamu zvemumhepo yavo. NASA ichaongorora chirongwa ichi gore rino kana rinotevera uye sarudza kana iyo mishoni yakakosha. Kana ikatanga, saka muna 2022.

Budiriro dziri kunharaunda yemapoka enyeredzi?

Kuwana zvisaririra zvoupenyu zvinoreva zvishuvo zvine mwero kupfuura kutsvaka budiriro yose yomuchadenga. Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda, kusanganisira Stephen Hawking, havatauri izvi - nekuda kwekutyisidzira kunogona kuitika kuvanhu. Mumadenderedzwa akakomba, kazhinji hapana kutaurwa nezvechero budiriro yevatorwa, hama dzemuchadenga kana vanhu vakangwara. Zvisinei, kana tichida kutsvaga vatorwa vepamusoro, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanewo mazano ekuti vangawedzera sei mikana yekuvawana.

Somuenzaniso. Nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga Rosanna Di Stefano weHarvard University anoti budiriro yakasimukira inogara mumasumbu epasirese akazara kunze kweMilky Way. Muongorori akapa dzidziso yake pamusangano wepagore weAmerican Astronomical Society muKissimmee, Florida, kutanga kwa2016. Di Stefano anoruramisa fungidziro iyi ine gakava nenyaya yekuti kumucheto kwegwara redu renzou kune anenge 150 ekare uye akagadzikana masumbu espherical anopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekusimudzira chero budiriro. Nyeredzi dziri pedyo nepakati dzinogona kureva mapuraneti akawanda akaparadzana. Nyeredzi zhinji dzakaungana kuita mabhora inzvimbo yakanaka yekusvetuka kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe uku uchichengetedza nzanga yakasimukira. Kusvika kwenyeredzi mumasumbu kunogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza hupenyu, Di Stefano akadaro.