Yedza Dhiraivha Iyo Nhoroondo yeMotokari Transmissions - Chikamu 3

Muchikamu chino chekupedzisira, iwe unowana mhando dzakasiyana dzemhinduro dzemazuva ano munzvimbo ino.

Nhasi, nyika yekufambisa yakawedzera siyana kupfuura nakare kose, uye makambani emotokari nevatengesi vanosungwa nehukama hwakaoma uye zvibvumirano zvinotungamira mukusikwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, kubva kudiki CVT kutumira kune mapfumbamwe-kumhanya otomatiki transmissions.

Muma50s, zvese zvaiita kunge zvakatora mufananidzo wakajeka: kune vekuAmerica, otomatiki kutapurirana ikozvino kwakakosha, uye kune vekuEurope, kutapurirana kwemaoko kunoramba kuri pamberi. Zvisinei, chirevo chimwe chete chinogona kushandiswa kune 70s - hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti "motorization" chaiyo yeEurope (Western) yakatanga chaizvo ipapo, nokuti 80s ichiri makore ekuvakazve kubva kumatongo ehondo. Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakanga usina kunyanya kusiyana muma2000, kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo muEurope maotomatiki akatanga kuonekwa mumotokari dzeumbozha. Yakanga isiri kusvika kuma90 apo kuuya kwe-e-hurumende kwakatanga kushandura mafambiro achifarira otomatiki transmissions uye Old Continent. Asi kunyange muna 80, apo chikamu chokugadzira motokari itsva chakasvika 15 muzana muUnited States uye 4 muzana muJapan, 5 muzana bedzi yevokuEurope yakasarudza iyi mhinduro. Ehe, munhu haakwanise kurerutsa chikamu chepfungwa mune iyi kesi uye ine chinangwa chishuwo chekupedzisira chekuchinja magiya ivo pachavo. Panguva iyoyo, vaive vachiri kunyanya giya ra2002 nerechitanhatu - hazvina kusvika muna '6 apo ZF yakaunza chizvarwa chekutanga che8HP matanhatu-speed transmission kuti ivaendese kusvika ku8HP, makore manomwe gare gare paZF XNUMXHP. Iyo yekupedzisira inova shanduko chaiyo, kwete chete nehuwandu hwemagiya, asiwo neyakakwana yekushanda kunyaradza, iyo nekuda kweBMW mainjiniya uye kunyatsobatanidzwa kwavo muchikamu chechinomwe kwakaunzwa pakukwana.

Iyi inguva yekuchinja kunoshamisa nekuti panguva iyo ZF yakaramba ichipa 4HP yePeugeot 407 uye 5HP yeVW neSkoda. Muchokwadi, pamusoro pemakore gumi nematatu, chikamu cheotomatiki chekutumira pasi rose chakakwira, kusvika 13 muzana muna 46. Pasinei nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemagetsi, ukuru uye uremu zvakaderedzwa, uye pane chatova chimwe chinhu kune wese pano. Kunyangwe mota diki dzakaita seHonda Jazz dzinowanawo maviri-clutch gearboxes. Mercedes neZF vanopa zvikamu zvipfumbamwe zvakateedzana. Active joint development GM neFord vari kushanda nesimba pa ten-speed automatic transmission project to counter Chrysler in America, iyo parizvino iri kuburitsa rezinesi reZF 2014HP. Ipo kushanduka kwemanyorerwo ekufambisa kuri kuenda kune magiya ari nani, kurerutsa uye kunyatsochinja, kuunza dzimwe mota kusvika pakukwana zvekuti kungave kuzvidza kuvanyima, otomatiki ikozvino yava nesarudzo hombe yesarudzo. Pamota dzese dzine otomatiki transmissions dzakatengeswa muna 8, makumi mana nepfumbamwe muzana ndeye classic automatic transmissions ine 2014 kana kupfuura magiya, uye gumi neshanu muzana chete ane asingasviki matanhatu magiya. MaCVT anoumba 49 percent, dual-clutch transmissions 6 percent, uye automated manual transmissions angori 15 percent, sezvinoita mahybrid nemagetsi ekufambisa motokari. Huwandu uhu hunovanza zvimwe zvakaomesesa: chikamu chikuru cheDSG kutapurirana, semuenzaniso, chiri pamusika muEurope, yekare muEurope neUSA, uye chikamu chepamusoro cheCVT kutapurirana chiri muJapan. Panguva imwecheteyo, mayuniti matsva haaremei kana kuti akakura kupfuura akaatangira - kana 6 Mercedes 20-speed otomatiki transmission inoda magiya mana epuraneti uye zvinomwe zvekuvhara zvigadziriso, nekuda kwekuvaka kwayo kwakangwara, iyo itsva 9G-Tronic ndiyo. zvakare inobata magiya mana epuraneti, asi iine maclutch matanhatu seanokiya zvinhu. Chinhu chimwe chiri pachena - munguva pfupi iri kutevera kunyangwe mabhureki epakati achatevera vagadziri vezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvino votamira kune mamwe magiya - muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi inyaya yekuti Opel iri mumatanho ekupedzisira ekugadzira sere-sipeed automatic transmission. . Pfungwa yemota ine otomatiki transmission inoita kuti injini ikurumidze kusimuka uye inogadzira isinganzwisisike yekugadzira kunzwa iko zvino yave muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo.

Kubatana uye zvibvumirano

Nekudaro, Mercedes ndeimwe yezvisizvo semugadziri wemotokari anovandudza uye anogadzira ayo ekufambisa. Mazda, PSA neHyundai/Kia zvakafanana, asi mukuita vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vanosungwa zvakanyanya nehukama hwakaoma uye mabatiro akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe uye nevanopa gearbox seZF neAisin. Iine 8-kumhanya ZF otomatiki kutapurirana mune akasiyana akasiyana, semuenzaniso, modhi dzakashongedzerwa neAudi, BMW uye Roll-Royce. Pasi pechibvumirano cherezinesi, Chrysler inogadzira nzira imwechete yekufambisa kweEvasion, Chrysler, uye Jeep modhi, asiwo yeMaserati neFiat. GM inogadzira sere-sipidhi Hydra-Matic muCorvette pachayo, asi yakashanda neAisin kugadzira sere-speed transmission yeCadillac uye yakapa automatic transmissions kuBMW makore gumi apfuura. Panguva imwecheteyo, hofori yekuAmerica iri kushanda neFord kugadzira giya bhokisi rinomhanya-mhanya, ukuwo kambani yaro yekuEurope yeOpel iri kugadzira giya bhokisi rayo rinomhanya-mhanya masere. Hyundai/Kia vakagadzirawo yavo yemagetsi masere. Getrag, iyo parizvino yakawana ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira maviri-clutch transmissions, inopa zvikamu zvayo zveFord neRenault compact modhi, pamwe neBMW M vhezheni, uye maviri maclutches eawa anonyanya kupihwa neLUK. Iyo yakakurumbira DSG kutapurirana kubva kuVW neAudi yakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rweBorgWarner, uye kutapurirana kweVeyron kwakagadzirwa naRicardo. Transmission ine maclutches maviri uye magiya manomwe. Porsche PDK ibasa re... ZF, BorgWarner neAichi Machine Indasitiri, avo vakabatana kugadzira uye kugadzira kutapurirana kweNissan GT-R.

Classic Automation Makwikwi

Muchikamu chakapfuura, isu takakuudza zvakadzama nezve kugadzirwa uye kuvandudzwa kwechinyakare otomatiki kutumira. Tichawedzera kuti mumavhezheni ekutanga, yakamanikidzwa hydraulic system kumisikidza zvinhu zvekuvharira (ona pazasi) inochengetedzwa zvine hungwaru zvichibva pane vharuvhu muzvizhinji uye nekushandisa centrifugal regulator. Gare gare zvese zvinoenderana nemagetsi uye ma parameter ane chekuita nekudzora mota. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iwo matsva ekugadzira mafuta anoitawo mupiro wakakosha kune chaiyo kushanda kweanhasi kufambiswa. Nekudaro, iko kukurumidza kukura kweiyo otomatiki otomatiki hutepfenyuro mumakore achangopfuura kwakavabatsira kuti nhasi vasapfuurike maererano negear inoshandura nyaradzo neakasarudzika kumeso uye kumhanya kwazvo, uye kusvika parizvino ivo vari vatungamiriri muhuwandu hwegiya (yatove 9). Kukamurwa kwekukurumidza kwetorque converter kunovaita kuti vabudirire uye pasina kukanganiswa kwekusungwa, izvo zvinovaswededza padyo neDSG, nguva dzekuchinja dziri kupfupika uye kupfupika, uye nerubatsiro rwevamanikidzi ekuunganidza izvo kutanga-kumisa system haina kubatanidzwa. mubvunzo. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti nepo mabhazi achinyanya kushandisa otomatiki otomatiki, chinonyanya kukosha kumarori makuru kufambiswa kwemanyorerwo ne otomatiki pneumatic giya shifting.

Otomatiki kutumira

Makore gumi apfuura, remangwana ravo rairatidzika kuva rakanaka…Mushure mekunge vapinda mumotorsport mumakore ekuma80s uye vachichinjira kumabhokisi egiya anomhanya-mhanya, havachanyanyi kuwanda mumotokari dzekugadzira, zvichipa nzira kune magiyabhokisi anomhanya maviri. clutch. Mechanical kutapurirana sarudzo ine pneumatic uye hydraulic shifting inoramba iri pamberi pamarori, uye anotevedzana emota dzemujaho. Iyo yekupedzisira ichokwadi inokatyamadza uye inopokana neFIA ​​nechishuwo chekudzikisa mitengo. Zvasvika padanho rekuti munguva pfupi mota dzese dzeFormula 1 dzinogona kuwana magiya mabhokisi kubva kumutengesi mumwe chete. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanogumira muzvigadzirwa, uye muhuwandu hwemagiya, uye muhupamhi hwemagiya - sarudzo isinganzwisisike inopesana nemashure ekuiswa kweinjini itsva turbo.

Muchokwadi, zvese zvakatanga seshanduko mune yakanyanyisa Formula 1 incubator, uye jenareta wayo wepfungwa aive mugadziri mukuru weFerrari pakati pe80s, John Barnard. Pfungwa yake yakadzika mukuita haisi yekutsvaga nzira itsva yekushandura, asi kubvisa maitiro akaoma uye anorema mumotokari yemotokari. Sezvo panguva iyoyo pakanga patova neruzivo rwetekinoroji muchimiro chemagetsi e-hydraulic zvishandiso (sechinhu chekusimudzira kumiswa kwemotokari), akasarudza kuti activator yakadaro inogona kushandiswa nechinangwa ichi. Hazvisi zvekubvisa clutch pedal kutanga. Iwo ekutanga prototypes aisanganisira zvishandiso zvekuchinja giya rega rega, uye mhinduro iyi yakabvumira dhiraivha yekufambisa kuti ifambiswe. Ipapo ndipo pakauya pfungwa yekusunungura clutch pedal uye panguva imwe chete yakavhurwa nerubatsiro rwekudzora uropi hwemagetsi. Ichi chivakwa uye microprocessor kuvandudzwa, pamwe nekuunzwa kwemagetsi inodzorwa throttles, inobvumira zvizere otomatiki kuchinja. Ichi chichava chipikiri chekupedzisira mubhokisi reiyo otomatiki transmission - mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, manzwi akadai akatanga kunzwika zvakanyanya. Zvakare, otomatiki kutumira kuri kukurumidza kuvandudza, kuenda kune imwe nyowani yekuvaka ine yakarongedzerwa (yakatevedzana) dhizaini, umo marevhisi ekuchinja masisitimu anoiswa mumachaneli kana kutevedzera makonditi edhiramu rinotenderera.

Yakasarudzika otomatiki ikozvino nebhuku kunyanyisa

Asi panguva imwe chete iyo semi-otomatiki transmissions yakavakirwa pamanyorero ekufambisa vakatora nhanho dzavo dzekutanga mumutambo mukuru, Porsche yakagadzirisa dambudziko rakapesana nekugadzira yakasarudzika otomatiki kutapurirana nekugona kushandura uchishandisa levers pavhiri. Ehe, kutapurirana ndekweZF, iyo pamwe neBosch inoita basa rinotungamira muprojekiti (Porsche inogadzira iyo pfungwa huru uye inotungamira chirongwa, ZF inovandudza michina, uye Bosch ndiye manejimendi). Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kunoratidzwa nenzira yekuwedzera michina ye911 ne968, uye gare gare Audi neMitsubishi vanotenga marezinesi epurojekiti. Zita reiyi tiptronic transmission rinobva pashoko rechiGerman rekuti tippen (kusundidzira) nekuda kwekugona kushandura nekudhonza nekudhonza lever. Iyi mhando yegiya bhokisi yatove nebasa rekuchinja maitiro ayo zvichienderana nekutyaira kwemutyairi.

Zvichakadaro, kusikwa kwaJohn Barnard kune nzvimbo yayo yakakodzera mumotokari - hongu, kune avo vane mweya wemitambo, kana kuti pamwe nekunyepedzera kwairi - senge Ferrari F360 Modena uye yakanyanya mwero Alfa 147 Selespeed ine inoteedzana kutapurirana (yakavakirwa. pane yakajairwa shanu-kumhanya kufambisa ine yakawedzera shifter uye uropi hweMagnetti-Marelli Asi, sezvatakataura, kuzvarwa kweiyo mbiri-clutch kutapurirana kwaiita sekupisa zvishuvo zveotomatiki kutapurirana munyika yemota huru, uye yekupedzisira. yakashandurirwa kune mamwe mamodheru ane mwero uye mukana wekuchipa otomatiki yeapo ekufambisa (senge Opel Easytronic yakagamuchira iyo itsva, yechitatu edition). Izvi zvinoitwa nenzira dzakareruka kupfuura serial architecture - kune iyi yekuwedzera control unit inoshandiswa, iyo yatove compact. Zvisinei, mhinduro yevagadziri 'yakagara kwenguva refu kurota kwekufananidza otomatiki kushanduka uye kusabatanidzwa kunoramba kuri utopia - mukuita izvi hazvimboitika, uye zvese zvinotapurirana zverudzi urwu zvinotambura nekushaikwa kwekuchinja kunoenderana kubva kune rimwe giya kuenda kune rimwe. . Vagadziri vemotokari dzemitambo vakatarisa kune mbiri mbiri clutch transmissions (DCT kana DSG). Muenzaniso wakajairwa munzira iyi kubatana pakati peBMW neGetrag, iyo yakaitwa seyakatevedzana SMG giya bhokisi rechizvarwa chakapfuura M5 uye rakashandurwa kuita manomwe-anomhanya DCT gearbox kune yazvino.

Nema clutch maviri pasina kukanganisa kwe traction

Zvese zvakatanga muna 2003 apo VW yakaunza Direct Shift Transmission (kana Direct Schalt Getriebe muchiGerman) yakagadziridzwa pamwe neBorgWarner. Pakangotangwa, yakaratidza kugona kushandura nekukurumidza uye pasina jerks yemanual uye otomatiki transmissions, pasina kurasikirwa kwekudhonza uye pasina kuderera kwekushandisa nekuda kwekushaikwa kweshanduko. Zvisinei, kudzokera kunhoroondo kunoratidza kuti Audi yakashandisa bhokisi regiya rakafanana mumotokari dzavo dze rally kumashure pakati pe80s (seSport Quattro S1 Pikes Peak), asi teknolojia ichafanira kumirira nguva isati yasvika hurongwa hwemagetsi hwakakwana huripo. kutonga kwekugadzira akatevedzana, akakodzera coupling zvinhu uye nekukurumidza hydraulic actuators. Kusiyana neyakajairwa kutapurirana, iyo DSG ine maviri coaxial shafts, imwe neimwe iine clutch yayo. Aya ma-connectors akarongwa akatarisana nekuremekedza kune mumwe nemumwe, nekunze kwekubatanidza kune yemukati mashafts maviri uye yemukati kune gomo rekunze chikamu. Imwe ye shafts inogamuchira zvisinganzwisisiki, uye imwe - kunyange magiya. Apo, semuenzaniso, giya rekutanga rinobatanidzwa, rechipiri rakatogadzirirwa, uye kubatanidzwa kunoitika panguva imwe chete kusunungura imwe uye kubatanidza imwe pasina kukanganisa kudhonza. Iwo magiya anotyairwa achishandisa emhando yepamusoro synchronizers, asi pachinzvimbo chemichina tsvimbo nemaforogo, izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa hydraulic elements. Multi-plate clutches anosiyana mukugadzira kubva kune aya emuchina ekufambisa uye mune izvi ari padyo nemaitiro anoshanda seyekuvhara zvinhu mune otomatiki - kukura kwavo kwakabatsira mukushanduka kweDSG. Zvisinei, mhando mbiri idzi hadzina kufanana chete maererano nekuzarura nekuvhara hydraulic clutches, asiwo maererano nekugadzirisa kwemagetsi kunobva pane dzakawanda sensors. Mune shanduro dzekare, kufambisa kwaive nemafuta ekugezesa mabheti ekufambisa kupisa kuri nani, asi nekufambira mberi kwezvinhu, ma clutches akaoma akasimba ave kushandiswa. DSG transmissions ikozvino inonyanya kukosha kune emitambo mhando, asi zvakare inowanzoshandiswa seimwe nzira ye compact uye madiki modhi seFord Focus uye Renault Megane (Getrag yakashongedzerwa), VW Gorofu, Audi A3, Skoda Octavia (VW-BorgWarner). otomatiki uye otomatiki. Saka nhasi, nerubatsiro rwemagetsi, marudzi ese e otomatiki transmissions ane kugona kuchinjisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda kwemichina otomatiki.

Uye chii chakaitika kumusiyano panguva ino?

Pfungwa yekuenderera mberi kuchinjika kufambisa ndeyekare sepasirese, uye mapurojekiti anosanganisira akawanda akasiyana. Dambudziko ravo nderekuti hapana magiya uye kuendesa torque kunzvimbo inotsvedza inotungamira kubhokisi. Kare mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, iyo Swiss Weber yakanga ine kutapurirana kwakadaro, asi muna 1955 chete hama dzeDorn dzakakwanisa kugadzira mhinduro inoshanda yerudzi urwu - iyo yekupedzisira yakaonekwa muchimiro cheVariomatic mumotokari yeDutch DAF. Dambudziko guru neshanduko yakapfava uye inovimbisa isina nhanho mune dzakasiyana siyana magadzirirwo ane axially offset hydraulic actuators uye tapered zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa nebhandi rakabhenda ndiko kupfeka kwavo. Nokudaro, mukugadzirwa kwepashure, yakatsiviwa nesimbi yakakwirira-yakagadzika segmented metal element, umo kufamba hakusi nekudhonza, asi nekusundira, iyo inopa torque yakakwirira. Mukupera kwema80s, makambani mazhinji akadai seFord, Fiat, Subaru neZF akatanga kubatanidzwa pamwe chete naVan Doorne, uye kuti atumire torque yakawanda kupfuura muna 2000, Audi yakagadzira CVT kutapurirana neketani. Muna 2003, Nissan, iyo inoremekedza kuendesa uku, nekuda kwechikamu chikuru kumugadziri wenzvimbo Jatco, yakashongedzera Murano neCVT kutapurirana, uye yazvino otomatiki yekufambisa vhezheni yeSubaru Legacy inoshandisa imwe kubva kuLUK.

Kare mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, yekutanga CVT transmissions yakagadzirwa, iyo yakashandisa kushamwaridzana kwakananga nemadhisiki emadhayamita akasiyana, uye mumakore ekuma20, Citroen neGM vakatanga kubudisa shanduro dzekutanga dzekugadzira. Kufarira kwavo mune iyi tekinoroji mhinduro yakadzoka mukupera kwe80s, zvakare nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu, uye vachengeti vayo vaive kambani yeBritish Torotrak uye yambotaurwa Jatco - iyo yekupedzisira semutungamiri mukufambiswa kweCVT. Munguva ichangopfuura, mhinduro itsva dzakawanda dzerudzi urwu dzakaonekwa, dzakadai seDouble Rollet CVT Ultimate Transmission, iyo isati yaratidza kushanda kwayo.

Mune yakajairwa CVT kutapurirana, diki yemapuraneti giya inowanzoiswa pamberi peiyo huru giya kuti ipe kumberi, kumashure uye kwazvakarerekera magiya. Iwo akasiyana siyana ekutanga mhinduro anoshandisa magineti macomputer kana akajairwa shanduko (Subaru kana ZF Ecotronic CVT). CVT gearboxes, ayo akaregeredzwa kwenguva yakareba mumakore achangopfuura, ari kukwezva kuwedzera kufarira, kunyanya kubva kugadziri veJapan. Ivo vachiri vane mugove muhombe mukugadzirwa kwese kwe otomatiki transmissions. Matekinoroji ekuparadzira eBosch ari kuwedzera kushanda munzvimbo ino. Sezvo nevamwe, zvinhu zvitsva uye zvemagetsi zvinouya kuzobatsira.

Basic dhizaini yechinyakare otomatiki kutapurirana

Mune yayo itsva 9G-Tronic kutapurirana, Mercedes anoshandisa inonzi hydrodynamic torque converter, iri yakanyanya kuomarara mudziyo, asi musimboti wekushanda kwayo hauna kusiyana neyekutanga michina yakadaro (ona mufananidzo). Mukuita, ine pombi yakabatana neinjini flywheel, turbine yakabatana nemagiya, uye chinhu chepakati chinonzi stator. Mvura inoshandiswa mumudziyo uyu yakaoma zvikuru, asi mafuta anongoiswa mukati mawo anoputirwa kumativi ayo mukufamba kwedenderedzwa, yakafanana nepamusoro peMufananidzo 8, asi mushanduro ye 50D umo mitsetse inopindirana inogadziriswa. hama kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo chaiyo chimiro cheturbine blades, sechiratidzo cheruoko, ichokwadi chakanyanya kuverengerwa curvature iyo inonyatso tora simba rekuyerera, iro, iro, rinobva rachinja nzira nekukasira. Somugumisiro, torque inowedzera. Zvinosuruvarisa, nokukurumidza kana hutungamiri hwachinja, kuyerera kunenge kwatova nemigumisiro yakaipa, nokuti inotungamirirwa kumashure kune mashizha epombi. Pano stator inouya kununura, iyo basa rekushandura nzira yekuyerera, uye ndicho chinhu ichi chinoshandura chigadziro kuita torque convert. Yakagadzirwa nenzira yekuti ine dhizaini yekukiya inoita kuti irambe yakamira pasi pekumanikidzwa uku. Nekuda kwezvose zviri pamusoro apa, pakutanga-kumusoro, kuwedzera kukuru kwe torque. Kunyangwe kuyerera kwakanangidzirwa kudivi rakapesana pane imwe sipidhi, nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekutenderera kwayo kutenderera kweturbine kune yakapesana, kumhanya kwayo kwemambure kunobva kwafanana nekwairi kuenda kune turbine. Kuti unzwisise izvi, fungidzira kuti uri kutyaira tram iri kumhanya 30 km/h uye uri kukanda bhora kumashure nespeed ye 20 km/h. iri mberi nekumhanya kwe 90 km / h. Muchiitiko ichi, kubuda kwemafuta kunopfuura kuseri kwe stator blades, kuvhara kwayo kwakavharwa uye kunotanga kutenderera zvakasununguka, uye kana 8 muzana yepombi inosvika, iyo vortex. kuyerera kunova radial uye kuwedzera kwe torque kunomira. Nokudaro, motokari inotanga uye inokurumidza, asi izvi zvinogara zvichibatanidzwa nekurasikirwa, kunyange nezvikamu zvemazuva ano. Mukufambisa kwemazuva ano, nguva pfupi mushure mokutanga, mushanduri anodzimwa, kana kuti pane kudaro, chiito chayo chakavharwa nerubatsiro rwezvinonzi. lock-up clutch, iyo inowedzera kushanda kwese kwekutapurirana. Mune shanduro dzakasanganiswa, dzakadai seZF 7HP, inotsiviwa nemota yemagetsi inowedzera torque, uye mune dzimwe mhinduro, senge AMG XNUMXG-DCT, inoshandura inotsiviwa neseti yeplate clutches. Uye zvakadaro - optimize dynamics yekuyerera kwemafuta, mune dzimwe nguva, stator blades ine shanduko yekona yekurwisa, iyo, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, inoshandura torque.

Set yemapuraneti magiya

Sezvambotaurwa muchikamu chakapfuura, giya repuraneti rakasarudzwa segiya rakakodzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kubata magiya akasiyana-siyana pasina magiya kana masynchronizer. Iyo meshini igiya remhete (korona) ine mazino emukati, giya rezuva uye mavhiri epuraneti achiipuruzira uye akabatanidzwa nemhete yekorona, iyo yakabatana kune yakajairika gwara. Kana imwe yezvinhu (korona, gwara kana vhiri rezuva) yakavharwa, torque inotamiswa pakati pezvimwe zviviri, uye chiyero chegiya chinoenderana nedhizaini. Zvinhu zvekukiya zvinogona kuve maclutches kana bhendi mabhureki uye anofambiswa nema hydraulic actuators mechani mukufambisa kwekare uye inodzorwa nemagetsi mune nyowani. Kunyangwe magiya ekutanga otomatiki akadai seGM Hydra-Matic kana Chrysler Torque-Flite haana kushandisa akajairwa magiya emapuraneti asi akaumbwa madhizaini akadai saSimpson's. Iyo yekupedzisira inotumidzwa zita remusiki wayo, injinjini yeAmerica Howard Simpson, uye inosanganisira magiya maviri epasi (epicyclic) maviri akafanana, mune imwe yezvikamu zvechipiri yakabatana kune yekutanga (semuenzaniso, gwara rine vhiri rezuva). Muchiitiko ichi, zvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvikamu zviviri zve-multi-plate clutches, mabhanhire maviri akaputika, pamwe chete ne-one-way clutch inopa kutapurirana zvakananga kwe torque. Yechitatu michina, inopa iyo inonzi overdrive, inogona kuwedzerwa zvakasiyana kune gearbox. Mamwe magadzirirwo echizvino-zvino anoshandisa yakaoma kupfuura yakajairwa giya repuraneti, senge Ravigneaux (yakatumidzwa zita remusiki wayo, Paul Ravigneau), iyo inosanganiswa negiya rimwechete uye maviri akajairwa kuwedzera huwandu hwemagiya kusvika mashanu. Inosanganisira koroni yakajairika uye musanganiswa wemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzema satellite uye mavhiri ezuva, pakati peiyo yakanyanya kuoma simba inoyerera inoitika. ZF yekutanga 6-speed automatic transmission, yakaunzwa muna 2002, inoshandisa Lepelletier mechanism (mugadziri Paul Lepelletier), izvo zvakaita kuti zvive zvishoma, huremu hushoma uye huwandu. Hungwaru hwemhinduro dzemazuva ano huri kunyanya mukugona, nekuda kwekuongorora kwekombuta, kubatanidza mamwe macomputer ekukiya machira, shafts uye magiya, achibvumira zvimwe zvinhu kupindirana uye, nekudaro, kuwana mamwe magiya.

Pamberi pematanho mapfumbamwe: Mercedes 9G-Tronic.

Iyo nyowani yekuendesa kweMercedes 9G-Tronic ine giya reshiyo (giya reshiyo kubva pakutanga kusvika repfumbamwe) re9,15. Nekudaro, yakashongedzerwa nekutapurirana uku, iyo E 350 Bluetec inokwanisa kufamba nemipfumbamwe giya pa120 km / h ingori 1350 rpm. Iko kugona kwekufamba nekumhanyisa kumhanya kunotsigirwawo nekaviri torsion damper kutsiva iyo flywheel, pamwe chete necentrifugal pendulum mudziyo. Kunyangwe ichigona kubata kusvika ku1000 Nm yetorque, iyi drivetrain, inoenderana nenhamba hombe yemakomputa ekufananidza, yakareruka uye yakaomesesa kupfuura pakutanga. Idzo mbiri-dzimba dzinogadzirwa nealuminium mune iyo hydrodynamic torque inoshandura uye magnesium alloys neimwe nzira ine polymer crankcase. Kuongorora kwakawanda kwakaitwa kusati kwaitika mukana wekuona magiya mapfumbamwe aine magiya mana epuraneti. Iyi kufambisa ichashandiswa zvakanyanya mune mamwe ma transverse-mount mamodheru, uye iyo DSG ichashandiswa kune compact macomputer

Anoshamisa anodzosera ZF: 9HP

Midzi ye9HP inogona kuteverwa kumashure muna 2006, apo ZF yakafunga kudzokera kuchikamu chakachinjika (zvigadzirwa zvakapfuura aive mana-anomhanyisa magiya uye kutapurirana kweCVT, kwakamiswa mukupera kwema90s). Zvinowanzoita makore angangoita mana kukura, asi kambani haidi kuti vadzoke ne4-inomhanya otomatiki hutepfenyuro nekuti ivo vatovepo. Icho chokwadi chekuti kambani inotora makore manomwe kuti ipedze chinangwa chinotaura kune rakakura dhizaini basa rakaenda mukugadzira uku kutapurirana. Mhinduro iyi inoshamisa-tech mhinduro iyo, kunyangwe mune 6 Nm vhezheni, inorema chete 7 kg. Kutenda kubhokisi nyowani nyowani, mafuta anoshandiswa anoderedzwa neanenge gumi muzana zvichienzaniswa ne480-yekumhanyisa gearbox, uye nekumhanyisa kunogara kwe86 km / h kudzikiswa kuri pa10 muzana. Akangwara mapurani anosanganisira kuiswa kweane mana epuraneti magiya akavakirwa mukati meumwe neumwe uye kuwedzerwa kweanowedzerwa mapini ekubatanidza ayo ane mashoma masara akavhurika kukakavara. Iyo yakawanda-nhanho damping system yakawedzerwa kune iyo torque converter.

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev