Murwi Bell P-63 Kingcobra
Bell P-63A-9 (42-69644) mune imwe yekuedza ndege. Mambo mhungu akakwezva kufarira kushoma kubva kuUS Air Force, asi yakagadzirwa muhuwandu hwekutanga.
kuSoviet Union.
Bell P-63 Kingcobra yaive yechipiri American laminar wing fighter mushure meMustang uye ndiyo yega ndege yekuAmerica ine chigaro chimwe chete kubhururuka nechimiro chemutanho mushure mekurwiswa kweJapan paPearl Harbor, uye yakapinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda munguva yehondo. Kunyange zvazvo R-63 haina kumutsa kufarira kukuru muU. Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Kingcobras akashandiswawo muhondo neFrance air force.
Mukupera kwa1940, Air Corps logisticians muWright Field, Ohio, vakatanga kutenda kuti P-39 Airacobra yaisazoita yakanaka yakakwirira-yepamusoro-inoshanda interceptor. Kuvandudza kwakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu kwaigona chete kuunza kushandiswa kweinjini ine simba uye kudzikisira mukukweva kweaerodynamic. Sarudzo yakawira paContinental V-12-1430 1-cylinder in-line liquid-yakatonhorera V-injini ine simba guru re 1600-1700 hp. Mumakore apfuura, United States Air Force (USAAC) yakaisa mari yakawanda mukusimudzira kwayo, ichiiona seimwe nzira kune injini yeAllison V-1710. Gore rimwe chetero, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) yakaita inodaidzwa kuti laminar airfoil zvichibva mukutsvagisa kwakaitwa paLangley Memorial Aviation Laboratory (LMAL) neUCLA akapedza kudzidza Eastman Nixon Jacobs. Iyo nyowani nyowani yairatidzwa nenyaya yekuti ukobvu hwayo hwepamusoro hwakabva pa40 kusvika 60 muzana. chords (yakajairika profiles ine hupamhi hwepamusoro husingapfuuri 25% yechord). Izvi zvakabvumira laminar (isina kukanganiswa) kuyerera pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yemapapiro, izvo zvakazoita kuti iite shoma shoma. Vagadziri nevashandi vemauto vaitarisira kuti kusanganiswa kweinjini ine simba ine aerodynamically yakagadziridzwa airframe yaizotungamira mukusikwa kweinobudirira interceptor.
Pakati paFebruary 1941, vagadziri veBell Aircraft Corporation vakasangana nevamiriri vedhipatimendi rezvinhu kuti vakurukure mukana wekuvaka murwi mutsva. Bell yakatumira zvikumbiro zviviri, iyo Model 23, yakagadziridzwa P-39 ine V-1430-1 injini, uye Model 24, ndege nyowani ine bapiro relaminar. Yekutanga yaive nekukurumidza kuita chero injini itsva yaivepo nenguva. Chechipiri chaida nguva yakawanda yechikamu chekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, asi mhedzisiro yaifanira kunge iri nani. Zvese zviri zviviri zvikumbiro zvakabata pfungwa dzeUSAAC uye zvakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kweXP-39E (yakataurwa muchinyorwa cheP-39 Airacobra) uye P-63 Kingcobra. Musi waKubvumbi 1, Bell yakaendesa rondedzero yakadzama yeModel 24 kuDhipatimendi reZvinhu, pamwe nefungidziro yemutengo. Mushure meinenge mwedzi miviri yenhaurirano, muna Chikumi 27, Bell akapihwa chibvumirano nhamba W535-ac-18966 yekuvaka maviri anobhururuka Model 24 prototypes, yakasarudzwa XP-63 (serial nhamba 41-19511 uye 41-19512; XR-631- 1) uye static uye kuneta kuyedzwa kweiyo airframe yepasi.
Iyo purojekiti
Basa pakugadzirwa kwekutanga kweMuenzaniso 24 yakatanga pakupera kwa 1940. Inyanzvi yekugadzira XP-63 yakaitwa naEng. Daniel J. Fabrisi, Jr. Ndege yacho yakanga ine silhouette yakafanana neP-39, iyo yaiva mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza dhizaini imwechete - cantilever yakaderera-wing ine retractable tricycle kumhara giya nevhiri remberi, 37-mm. kanoni ichipfura nepamupini wepropeller, injini iri pedyo nepakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pachivako chacho uye pekugara pakati pepfuti neinjini. Magadzirirwo eairframe aive matsva chose. Munguva yekugadzira, zvinenge zvese zvikamu uye zvigadziro zvakapedzwa, kuitira kuti pakupedzisira, R-39 uye R-63 yakanga isina zvikamu zvakafanana. Kuenzaniswa neR-39D, kureba kwendege kwakawedzera kubva 9,19 kusvika 9,97 m, kureba kwemuswe wakatwasuka kubva 3962 kusvika 4039 mm, track yegiya rekumhara kubva 3454 kusvika 4343 mm, base yekumhara giya kubva. 3042 mm. kusvika 3282 mm. Iyo chete hupamhi hwehupamhi hwefuselage, yakatemwa nehupamhi hweinjini, yakaramba isingachinji uye yakasvika 883 mm. Cockpit canopy yakagadziridzwa kuti ibatanidze yakavakirwa mukati 38 mm gobvu rakafuratira girazi risingapindi bara mumhepo. Muswe wakamira waivewo nechimiro chitsva. Ma lifti nezvidzoreso zvakanga zvakafukidzwa necanvas, uye maailerons nemipendero zvakanga zvakafukidzwa nesimbi. Mapaneru anobvisika uye machira ekupinda akawedzerwa kuti zvive nyore kumakanika kuwana zvombo nemidziyo.
Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kukosha innovation yaive NACA 66 (215) -116/216 laminar airfoil mapapiro. Kusiyana nemapapiro eP-39, vakange vane dhizaini yakavakirwa pamatanda maviri - iyo huru uye yekubatsira kumashure, iyo yakashanda kubatanidza ailerons uye flaps. Kuwedzera kwemudziyo wemidzi kubva 2506 kusvika 2540 mm uye kureba kubva 10,36 kusvika 11,68 m kwakaguma nekuwedzera kwekutakura nzvimbo kubva 19,81 kusvika 23,04 m2. Mapapiro akabatanidzwa kune fuselage pakona ye 1 ° 18' uye akasimudza 3 ° 40'. Panzvimbo pemasashi engwena, maflaps anoshandiswa. Iyo 1:2,5 uye 1:12 chiyero chemhando dzemapapiro, muswe uye ndege yese zvakaedzwa zvakanyanya muNACA LMAL mhepo tunnel paLangley Field, Virginia neWright Field. Miedzo yakasimbisa kururamisa kwemafungiro aJacobs uye panguva imwechete yakabvumira vagadziri veBell kuti vagadzirise kugadzirwa kweailerons uye flaps, pamwe chete nechimiro cheglycol nemafuta anotonhorera air intakes.
Chinhu chikuru chakaipa chemapapiro emapapiro e laminar airfoil ndechokuti, kuitira kuti vachengetedze maitiro avo e-aerodynamic, vaifanira kunge vane nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isina protrusions uye mapundu anogona kukanganisa mhepo. Nyanzvi dzeNACA nevagadziri vainetsekana nezvekuti maitiro ekugadzira akawanda anganyatso kuburitsa chimiro chechimiro. Kuti vaedze izvi, vashandi veBell vakaita muedzo wemapapiro matsva, vasingazivi kuti ndezvipi. Mushure mekuedza mumhepo yeLMAL tunnel, zvakazoitika kuti mapapiro anosangana nechiyero chakagadzwa.
