Murwi-bhomba Panavia Tornado

Murwi-bhomba Panavia Tornado

Apo Tornados dzakavamba kuiswa mubasa muna 1979, hapana aitarisira kuti pashure pamakore 37 dzaizopfuurira kushandiswa. Pakutanga yakagadzirirwa kurwisa mhirizhonga yakazara yemauto pakati peNATO neWarsaw Pact, vakazviwanawo vari mumamiriro matsva. Nekuda kwemaitiro emazuva ano, Tornado fighter-bombers ichiri chikamu chakakosha chemauto eGreat Britain, Italy neGermany.

Pakati pe-104s, basa rakatanga pakusikwa kwendege itsva dzehondo munyika dzeEuropean NATO. Zvakaitwa kuUK (kunyanya kutsvaga anotsiva Canberra tactical bombers), France (inoda dhizaini yakafanana), Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy neCanada (kutsiva F-91G Starfighter uye G-XNUMXG).

Iyo UK, mushure mekukanzura chirongwa chehunyanzvi hwekubhomba mabhomba TSR-2 yeBritish Aircraft Corporation (BAC) uye kuramba kutenga michina yeAmerican F-111K, yakafunga kutanga kubatana neFrance. Saka kwakazvarwa chirongwa chekugadzira ndege cheAFVG (chiRungu-chiFrench chinosiyana geometry) - dhizaini yeBritish-French (BAC-Dassault), iyo yaizove nemapapiro anochinja ejometry, iine huremu hwekusimuka hwe18 kg uye kutakura zviuru zvina. makirogiramu endege dzehondo, gadzira kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe000 km/h (Ma = 4000) pakadzika pasi uye 1480 km/h (Ma = 1,2) pakakwirira uye ine tactical range ye2650 km. Iyo BBM kutapurirana kwaizove neaviri egasi turbine jet injini dzakagadzirwa neSNECMA-Bristol Siddeley consortium. Vashandisi vayo vaifanira kunge vari ndege dzemugungwa uye mauto emhepo eGreat Britain neFrance.

Basa rekuongorora rakatanga musi waNyamavhuvhu 1, 1965 rakakurumidza kutungamirira kumhedziso dzisina kubudirira - kuverenga kwakaratidza kuti dhizaini yakadaro ingave yakakura kune vatakuri vendege yeFrench Foch. Mukutanga kwa1966, mauto eBritish Navy akabudawo muboka revashandisi venguva yemberi, semugumisiro wesarudzo yekubvisa vatakuri vendege dzemhando yepamusoro uye kutarisa kune madiki mayuniti ane jet fighters uye VTOL helicopters. . Izvi, zvakare, zvaireva kuti mushure mekutenga kweF-4 Phantom II fighters, UK yakazopedzisira yatarisa pakurova kwekugona kwekugadzirwa kutsva. Muna Chivabvu 1966, makurukota edziviriro enyika mbiri idzi akapa chirongwa chechirongwa - sekureva kwavo, kubhururuka kweiyo BBVG prototype kwaizoitika muna 1968, uye kuendeswa kwemotokari dzekugadzira muna 1974.

Zvisinei, kare munaNovember 1966, zvakava pachena kuti magetsi akaiswa kune AFVG angave asina simba. Pamusoro pezvo, chirongwa chose chaigona "kudyiwa" nemutengo wakakwira wekusimudzira sese - izvi zvaive zvakakosha kuFrance. Kuedza kuderedza mari yekugadzira dhizaini hakuna kubudirira uye musi waChikumi 29, 1967, vaFrance vakaramba kushandira pamwe mundege. Chikonzero cheichi danho raive zvakare kudzvanywa kubva kumubatanidzwa weindasitiri yezvombo zveFrance uye manejimendi eDassault, iyo panguva iyoyo yaishanda paMirage G yakasiyana-siyana yemapapiro.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, UK yakasarudza kuenderera mberi nechirongwa ichi, ichichipa zita rekuti UKVG (United Kingdom Variable Geometry), izvo zvakazoita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakadzama kweFCA (Future Combat Ndege) uye ACA (Advanced Combat Ndege).

Dzimwe nyika dzakatenderedza Germany nerutsigiro rweAmerican aviation industry. Mhedzisiro yebasa iri yaive chirongwa NKF (Neuen Kampfflugzeug) - imwe-seat-single-injini ndege ine Pratt & Whitney TF30 injini.

Pane imwe nguva, boka raitsvaga anotsiva kuF-104G Starfighter rakakoka UK kuti ishande. Ongororo yakadzama yefungidziro yehunyanzvi uye yehunyanzvi uye mhedzisiro yebasa rakaitwa zvakakonzera sarudzo yekuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwendege yeNKF, iyo yaifanira kuwedzera, uye kukwanisa kurwisa zvinangwa zvepasi chero mamiriro ekunze, zuva. uye usiku. husiku. Yaifanirwa kunge iri mota inokwanisa kupinda muWarsaw Pact air defense system uye ichishanda mukati menzvimbo yemuvengi, uye kwete kungori nyore kutsigira ndege munhandare yehondo.

Kutevera nzira iyi, nyika mbiri - Belgium neCanada - dzakabuda muchirongwa ichi. Chidzidzo ichi chakapedzwa muna Chikunguru 1968, payakarongwa kugadzira sarudzo mbiri. MaBritish aida twin-injini, ndege ine zvigaro zviviri inokwanisa kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye zvakajairika. MaGerman aida mota ine chigaro chimwe chete inogoneka, zvakare yakashongedzerwa neAIM-7 Sparrow yepakati-pamhepo-kune-mhepo inotungamirwa mapfumo. Imwe bvumirano yaidikanwa kuchengeta mari yakaderera. Nokudaro, chirongwa chekuvaka cheMRCA (Multi-Role Combat Aircraft) chakatangwa.